{"id":97811,"date":"2025-09-01T11:35:29","date_gmt":"2025-09-01T11:35:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/educational\/navrh-vyuky-o-karcinogenech-pro-9-tridu-zakladni-skoly-minimalne-14-let\/"},"modified":"2025-09-01T11:35:29","modified_gmt":"2025-09-01T11:35:29","slug":"navrh-vyuky-o-karcinogenech-pro-9-tridu-zakladni-skoly-minimalne-14-let","status":"publish","type":"educational","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/cs\/educational\/navrh-vyuky-o-karcinogenech-pro-9-tridu-zakladni-skoly-minimalne-14-let\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00e1vrh v\u00fduky o karcinogenech pro 9. t\u0159\u00eddu z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly (minim\u00e1ln\u011b 14 let)"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li><strong>P\u0159edm\u011bt: Zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed o projektu, kter\u00fd se uskute\u010dnil v roce 2012, a o jeho v\u00fdsledc\u00edch: Karcinogeny<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Tematick\u00e1 oblast: Chemie (p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed v\u011bdy)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u011bkov\u00e1 skupina: (minim\u00e1ln\u011b) 9. t\u0159\u00edda z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly (14 let)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>C\u00edle lekce<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Studenti si prohloub\u00ed znalosti o nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch vlastnostech l\u00e1tek a jejich ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, jako\u017e i o zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami, zejm\u00e9na karcinogenn\u00edmi, mutagenn\u00edmi a reprotoxick\u00fdmi (CMR).<\/li>\n<li>\u017d\u00e1ci si dopln\u00ed znalosti o rakovin\u011b a karcinogenech (viz obsah stanovi\u0161\u0165).<\/li>\n<li>Studenti rozv\u00edjej\u00ed dovednosti v pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed\/pracov\u00e1n\u00ed s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zdroji dat (datab\u00e1ze, celosv\u011btov\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165, odborn\u00e1 literatura atd.) a v prezentaci nebo tvorb\u011b kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch, v\u00fdsti\u017en\u00fdch text\u016f k dan\u00e9mu t\u00e9matu a mini aktivit\u00e1m.<\/li>\n<li>Studenti se u\u010d\u00ed spolupracovat a komunikovat a rozv\u00edjej\u00ed kritick\u00e9 my\u0161len\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Aktivity<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00edlem je poskytnout kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 aspekty\/informace o karcinogenech v omezen\u00e9m \u010dase prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm  <strong>rotuj\u00edc\u00ed na sedmi stanic\u00edch.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Co je to rakovina?<\/li>\n<li>Vlastnosti karcinogen\u016f<\/li>\n<li>Ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed karcinogen\u016f<\/li>\n<li>Klasifikace karcinogen\u016f<\/li>\n<li>P\u0159\u00edklady karcinogen\u016f a jejich vlastnost\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Mo\u017en\u00e9 karcinogeny na pracovi\u0161ti<\/li>\n<li>12 tip\u016f pro prevenci rakoviny<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>Mo\u017en\u00e9 varianty proveden\u00ed<\/h4>\n<h5>Nejz\u00e1kladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed implementace<\/h5>\n<p>U\u010ditel p\u0159ipravuje obsah a aktivity na samostatn\u00e9m, voln\u011b stoj\u00edc\u00edm stanovi\u0161ti.<\/p>\n<h5>Pokro\u010dil\u00e1 implementace<\/h5>\n<p><em>\u010cas na p\u0159edb\u011b\u017enou p\u0159\u00edpravu:<\/em><br \/>\nVytvo\u0159\u00ed se trojice\/skupiny (n\u00e1hodn\u00e9 nebo jmenovit\u00e9), kter\u00e9 si zvol\u00ed t\u00e9mata (vyberou &#8211; vylosuj\u00ed po\u0159ad\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011bru t\u00e9matu stanice). Trojice\/skupiny p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed obsah stanice podle n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Zp\u0159esn\u011bn\u00ed obsahu stanice:<\/em><br \/>\nNa z\u00e1klad\u011b p\u0159ipraven\u00e9ho obsahu a r\u016fzn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f vyberou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd (kr\u00e1tk\u00fd, v\u00fdsti\u017en\u00fd) obsah\/informace, d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 a relevantn\u00ed pro vrstevn\u00edky.<\/li>\n<li><em>Didaktick\u00e9 zp\u0159esn\u011bn\u00ed stanovi\u0161t\u011b:<\/em><br \/>\nStudenti prezentuj\u00ed obsah\/informace zapamatovateln\u00fdm (&#8222;co nejv\u00edce a co nejsnadn\u011bji (srozumiteln\u011b)&#8220;) nebo zaj\u00edmav\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, pomoc\u00ed v\u00fdukov\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, pom\u016fcek a\/nebo pl\u00e1novan\u00fdch aktivit v d\u00e9lce 5 minut \u2192 p\u0159\u00edprava v\u00fdukov\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Formativn\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed<\/h5>\n<p>P\u0159ed realizac\u00ed, po p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b obsahu stanic, n\u00e1sleduje vz\u00e1jemn\u00e1 anal\u00fdza v\u00fdukov\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu &#8211; trojice\/skupiny p\u0159ezkoumaj\u00ed obsah nebo v\u00fdukov\u00fd materi\u00e1l ka\u017ed\u00e9 stanice (nap\u0159. ka\u017ed\u00e1 skupina p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1 obsah stanice s jedn\u00edm ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm \u010d\u00edslem) a poskytnou zp\u011btnou vazbu (zp\u011btn\u00e1 vazba po dobu 5 minut) k rozsahu, odbornosti, p\u0159ehlednosti, srozumitelnosti a pou\u017eitelnosti materi\u00e1lu (pro v\u0161echny).<\/p>\n<p>Trojice\/skupiny se vr\u00e1t\u00ed na sv\u00e1 stanovi\u0161t\u011b a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby se pokus\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b zp\u011btn\u00e9 vazby vylep\u0161it sv\u016fj u\u010debn\u00ed materi\u00e1l (10 minut).<\/p>\n<h4>Doba realizace<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Za\u010d\u00e1tek aktivity:<\/em><br \/>\nRotace skupin po stanovi\u0161t\u00edch ve sm\u011bru hodinov\u00fdch ru\u010di\u010dek.<\/li>\n<li><em>Jednoduch\u00e9 proveden\u00ed:<\/em><br \/>\nSkupiny se st\u0159\u00eddaj\u00ed na stanovi\u0161t\u00edch ve vhodn\u00fdch \u010dasov\u00fdch intervalech (nap\u0159. 5 minut).<\/li>\n<li><em>Pokro\u010dil\u00e9 proveden\u00ed:<\/em><br \/>\nKa\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlen trojice m\u00e1 svou vlastn\u00ed barvu (nap\u0159. zelenou, modrou a \u010dervenou). Vybran\u00e1 barva (ur\u010den\u00e1 u\u010ditelem) z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 na sv\u00e9m stanovi\u0161ti (hostiteli), zat\u00edmco ostatn\u00ed dva se p\u0159esunou na dal\u0161\u00ed. B\u011bhem 5 minut hostitel stanovi\u0161t\u011b p\u0159edstav\u00ed t\u00e9ma nebo vede aktivitu na dan\u00e9 t\u00e9ma. V dal\u0161\u00edm kole se hostitelem st\u00e1v\u00e1 jeden z hostuj\u00edc\u00edch student\u016f (jin\u00e9 barvy) atd. (rotace trv\u00e1 35 minut + 10 minut rezerva).   <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Mo\u017en\u00fd obsah a \u010dinnosti podle stanic<\/h3>\n<h3>Stanovi\u0161t\u011b 1: Co je to rakovina?<\/h3>\n<p>Ot\u00e1zka pro studenty:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Jak rozum\u00edte nemoci rakovina?<\/li>\n<li>M\u00e1te n\u011bjak\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti s touto nemoc\u00ed ve sv\u00e9 \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed rodin\u011b?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Rakovina je onemocn\u011bn\u00ed charakterizovan\u00e9 nekontrolovan\u00fdm d\u011blen\u00edm bun\u011bk. D\u011blen\u00ed bun\u011bk je v lidsk\u00e9m t\u011ble norm\u00e1ln\u00ed proces, ale pouze v takov\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e, kter\u00e1 je nezbytn\u00e1 pro norm\u00e1ln\u00ed, fyziologickou obnovu st\u00e1rnouc\u00edch bun\u011bk. U n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch bun\u011bk v\u0161ak d\u011blen\u00ed prob\u00edh\u00e1 nekontrolovan\u011b a v d\u016fsledku tohoto nekontrolovan\u00e9ho d\u011blen\u00ed zmutovan\u00e9 n\u00e1dorov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky \u010dasto pror\u016fstaj\u00ed do okoln\u00edch tk\u00e1n\u00ed a mohou se dokonce \u0161\u00ed\u0159it (metast\u00e1zovat) krevn\u00edmi nebo lymfatick\u00fdmi c\u00e9vami do vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f.  <\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-90443\" src=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Cancer-development.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Cancer-development.webp 600w, https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Cancer-development-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Cancer-development-150x150.webp 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Sheet-no0-General-aspects-Ano-2023-.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Co je to rakovina? Obecn\u00e9 aspekty <\/a><\/p>\n<p>Rakovina nen\u00ed jen jedna nemoc, ale je to n\u00e1zev pro v\u00edce ne\u017e dv\u011b st\u011b r\u016fzn\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e1 lze rozd\u011blit do n\u011bkolika \u0161irok\u00fdch skupin (karcinomy, sarkomy, leuk\u00e9mie a lymfomy) podle org\u00e1n\u016f, ve kter\u00fdch se vyskytuj\u00ed. Pravd\u011bpodobnost vzniku rakoviny se za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 v\u00fdrazn\u011b zvy\u0161ovat od 45. do 50. roku \u017eivota. Podle \u00fadaj\u016f Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace (WHO) je rakovina celosv\u011btov\u011b druhou nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou \u00famrt\u00ed hned po kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edch chorob\u00e1ch, v roce 2020 na ni zem\u0159e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 10 milion\u016f lid\u00ed. V leto\u0161n\u00edm roce byla v Evropsk\u00e9 unii (EU) diagnostikov\u00e1na rakovina u 2,7 milionu lid\u00ed. Odhaduje se, \u017ee rakovina je p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou 52 % v\u0161ech \u00famrt\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s prac\u00ed v Evropsk\u00e9 unii. V d\u016fsledku expozice karcinogen\u016fm p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci je ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b diagnostikov\u00e1no p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 120 000 lid\u00ed s rakovinou a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 80 000 jich p\u0159ijde o \u017eivot.     <\/p>\n<h4>Ot\u00e1zky pro studenty<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Co dal\u0161\u00edho lze v\u011bdecky \u0159\u00edci o rakovin\u011b? (Prozkoumejte spolehliv\u00fd zdroj.) <\/li>\n<li>Kdo a pro\u010d m\u016f\u017ee onemocn\u011bt rakovinou?<\/li>\n<li>Jak byste doplnili sv\u00e9 pozn\u00e1mky o tom, co je to rakovina?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Stanice 2: Vlastnosti karcinogen\u016f<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Ot\u00e1zky pro studenty:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Co \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 NAPO o karcinogenech?<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.napofilm.net\/sl\/napos-films\/napo-danger-chemicals\/toxic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pod\u00edvejte se na film NAPO &#8222;Nebezpe\u010d\u00ed: Chemik\u00e1lie&#8220; a<\/a> odpov\u011bzte na ot\u00e1zky v pozorovac\u00edm listu.<\/li>\n<li>Jak se mohou do t\u011bla dostat nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 (toxick\u00e9, karcinogenn\u00ed) l\u00e1tky? Ozna\u010dte to na obr\u00e1zku! <\/li>\n<li>Jak\u00e9 vlastnosti nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek cht\u011bli tv\u016frci filmu uk\u00e1zan\u00fdmi \u00faryvky zd\u016fraznit?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Jsou \u00fa\u010dinky karcinogen\u016f viditeln\u00e9 okam\u017eit\u011b?<\/li>\n<li>Co znamen\u00e1 dlouhodob\u00e1 expozice karcinogen\u016fm? Jak jinak naz\u00fdv\u00e1me takovou expozici nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm l\u00e1tk\u00e1m? <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Stanovi\u0161t\u011b 3: Ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed karcinogen\u016f<\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-86318\" src=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/GHS08_silhouete.original-scaled.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"522\" height=\"522\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/GHS08_silhouete.original-scaled.png 2560w, https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/GHS08_silhouete.original-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/GHS08_silhouete.original-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/GHS08_silhouete.original-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/GHS08_silhouete.original-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/GHS08_silhouete.original-2048x2048.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 522px) 100vw, 522px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img><strong>Ot\u00e1zka pro studenty<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.napofilm.net\/sl\/napos-films\/napo-danger-chemicals\/toxic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ve filmu NAPO<\/a> jste si v\u0161imli piktogramu. Zn\u00e1te ho? <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Jedn\u00e1 se o relativn\u011b nov\u00fd piktogram, kter\u00fd ozna\u010duje zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 nebezpe\u010dnou skupinu l\u00e1tek. Naz\u00fdv\u00e1 se tak\u00e9 <strong>piktogram CMR (<\/strong> zkratka odvozen\u00e1 z v\u00fdraz\u016f <strong>karcinogenn\u00ed<\/strong>, mutagenn\u00ed <strong>l\u00e1tky<\/strong>a l\u00e1tky toxick\u00e9 pro <strong>reprodukci<\/strong>). <\/p>\n<p><img><strong>Ot\u00e1zka pro studenty<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Jak byste CMR p\u0159elo\u017eili do sv\u00e9ho jazyka?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Karcinogenem m\u016f\u017ee<\/strong> b\u00fdt chemick\u00e1, fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo biologick\u00e1 l\u00e1tka nebo jin\u00fd faktor, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit rakovinu nebo zv\u00fd\u0161it jej\u00ed v\u00fdskyt. Mutageny (mutagenn\u00ed l\u00e1tky) zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed mutace nebo zvy\u0161uj\u00ed \u010detnost mutac\u00ed. Mutace je trval\u00e1 zm\u011bna mno\u017estv\u00ed nebo struktury genetick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu bu\u0148ky. Pokud tyto mutace postihnou z\u00e1rode\u010dn\u00e9 bu\u0148ky (bu\u0148ky vaj\u00ed\u010dek nebo spermi\u00ed), mohou se p\u0159en\u00e9st na potomstvo. Mutageny mohou b\u00fdt fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edho p\u016fvodu (vystaven\u00ed ionizuj\u00edc\u00edmu z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed nebo ultrafialov\u00e9mu z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed), chemick\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu (vystaven\u00ed l\u00e1tk\u00e1m, jako je Benzen nebo Formaldehyd) nebo biologick\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu (infekce n\u011bkter\u00fdmi biologick\u00fdmi \u010diniteli (viry, bakteriemi a parazity).    <\/p>\n<p>Nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, jako jsou karcinogeny, jsou ozna\u010deny nejen <strong>piktogramy, ale tak\u00e9<\/strong> varovn\u00fdmi slovy <strong>a v\u011btami H a P<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Co jsou varovn\u00e1 slova?<\/strong>  Jedn\u00e1 se o slova, kter\u00e1 ozna\u010duj\u00ed stupe\u0148 z\u00e1va\u017enosti nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, aby \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e d\u00e1le varovala p\u0159ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm nebezpe\u010d\u00edm. Takov\u00fdmi slovy jsou nap\u0159. slova HAZARD (nebezpe\u010d\u00ed) nebo WARNING (varov\u00e1n\u00ed) v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b karcinogen\u016f kategorie 1A nebo 1B nebo kategorie 2 (s kategoriemi karcinogen\u016f se sezn\u00e1m\u00edte na dal\u0161\u00edm stanovi\u0161ti). <\/p>\n<p><strong>H &#8211; v\u011bty<\/strong> jsou standardn\u00ed v\u011bty <strong>o nebezpe\u010dnosti<\/strong>a popisuj\u00ed povahu nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky a vhodn\u011b ji za\u0159azuj\u00ed do t\u0159\u00eddy nebo kategorie s \u010d\u00edslem. U karcinogen\u016f jsou tyto v\u011bty nap\u0159: <\/p>\n<p><strong>H350: M\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit<\/strong> rakovinu.<br \/>\n<strong>H350i:<\/strong> M\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit rakovinu p\u0159i vdechov\u00e1n\u00ed.<br \/>\n<strong>H351: Podez\u0159en\u00ed<\/strong>, \u017ee zp\u016fsobuje rakovinu.<\/p>\n<p><strong>P &#8211; v\u011bty<\/strong> jsou pokyny <strong>pro bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 zach\u00e1zen\u00ed<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 popisuj\u00ed doporu\u010den\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159i manipulaci s ur\u010ditou nebezpe\u010dnou l\u00e1tkou s c\u00edlem sn\u00ed\u017eit nebo zabr\u00e1nit \u0161kodliv\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dink\u016fm expozice, pou\u017eit\u00ed nebo likvidace nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky. U karcinogen\u016f jsou to nap\u0159. tyto v\u011bty: <\/p>\n<p><strong>P201:<\/strong> P\u0159ed pou\u017eit\u00edm si vy\u017e\u00e1dejte zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pokyny.<br \/>\n<strong>P202:<\/strong> Nepracujte s n\u00edm, dokud si nep\u0159e\u010dtete a neporozum\u00edte v\u0161em bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edm pokyn\u016fm.<\/p>\n<h3>Stanovi\u0161t\u011b 4: Klasifikace karcinogen\u016f<\/h3>\n<h4>Ot\u00e1zka pro studenty<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si pozorn\u011b n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed text a odpov\u011bzte, jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl mezi evropsk\u00fdm a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm (americk\u00fdm) syst\u00e9mem klasifikace karcinogen\u016f?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Karcinogen zp\u016fsobuje rakovinu nebo zvy\u0161uje jej\u00ed v\u00fdskyt. L\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 p\u0159i testech na zv\u00ed\u0159atech zp\u016fsobily nezhoubn\u00e9 a zhoubn\u00e9 \u00fatvary, jsou p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00fdmi nebo podez\u0159el\u00fdmi karcinogeny pro \u010dlov\u011bka, pokud neexistuj\u00ed p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00e9 d\u016fkazy, \u017ee mechanismus vzniku n\u00e1doru nen\u00ed pro \u010dlov\u011bka relevantn\u00ed. Klasifikace l\u00e1tek jako karcinogen\u016f je proces, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m jsou l\u00e1tky za\u0159azeny do jedn\u00e9 z kategori\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b s\u00edly a spolehlivosti d\u016fkaz\u016f. \u00dadaje pro klasifikaci se z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm laboratorn\u00edch test\u016f, v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00edch metod a zku\u0161enost\u00ed s lidmi (epidemiologick\u00e9 studie).     <strong>Klasifikace nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch a karcinogenn\u00edch l\u00e1tek (v souladu s CLP na\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm o klasifikaci ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed a balen\u00ed l\u00e1tek a sm\u011bs\u00ed) je zalo\u017eena na ur\u010den\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed t\u011bchto l\u00e1tek (NE na ur\u010den\u00ed jejich rizika).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Evropsk\u00e1 unie uplat\u0148uje<\/strong> CLP na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o klasifikaci ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed a balen\u00ed l\u00e1tek a sm\u011bs\u00ed, kter\u00e9 klasifikuj\u00ed karcinogeny na z\u00e1klad\u011b d\u016fkaz\u016f ze spolehliv\u00fdch studi\u00ed na lidech a zv\u00ed\u0159atech a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b dal\u0161\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f. Definuje dv\u011b r\u016fzn\u00e9 kategorie nebezpe\u010dnosti: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Kategorie 1: zahrnuje<\/strong> l\u00e1tky zn\u00e1m\u00e9 nebo podez\u0159el\u00e9 z karcinogenity pro \u010dlov\u011bka a je rozd\u011blena do dvou kategori\u00ed:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Kategorie 1A: zahrnuje<\/strong> prok\u00e1zan\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 karcinogeny (epidemiologick\u00e9 studie);<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kategorie 1B: zahrnuje<\/strong> l\u00e1tky, o nich\u017e je na z\u00e1klad\u011b d\u016fkaz\u016f z\u00edskan\u00fdch na zv\u00ed\u0159atech zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee maj\u00ed karcinogenn\u00ed potenci\u00e1l pro \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kategorie 2: zahrnuje<\/strong> l\u00e1tky, u nich\u017e existuje podez\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee jsou karcinogenn\u00ed pro \u010dlov\u011bka, a to na z\u00e1klad\u011b d\u016fkaz\u016f ze studi\u00ed na lidech a\/nebo zv\u00ed\u0159atech, kter\u00e9 v\u0161ak nejsou dostate\u010dn\u011b p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00e9 pro za\u0159azen\u00ed l\u00e1tky do kategorie 1A nebo 1B.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed agentura pro v\u00fdzkum rakoviny (IARC) klasifikuje<\/strong> karcinogeny do \u010dty\u0159 nebo p\u011bti skupin:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Skupina 1: l\u00e1tka je karcinogenn\u00ed pro \u010dlov\u011bka<\/li>\n<li>Skupina 2A: l\u00e1tka je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b karcinogenn\u00ed pro \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/li>\n<li>Skupina 2B: l\u00e1tka je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b karcinogenn\u00ed pro \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/li>\n<li>Skupina 3: l\u00e1tku nelze klasifikovat jako karcinogenn\u00ed pro \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/li>\n<li>Skupina 4: l\u00e1tka pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nen\u00ed karcinogenn\u00ed pro \u010dlov\u011bka<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Princip klasifikace IARC je zalo\u017een na d\u016fkazech karcinogenn\u00edch rizik z expozice \u010dlov\u011bka. P\u0159\u00edklad: l\u00e1tka, kter\u00e1 jen velmi m\u00edrn\u011b zvy\u0161uje pravd\u011bpodobnost vzniku rakoviny u lid\u00ed p\u0159i dlouhodob\u00e9 expozici vysok\u00fdm d\u00e1vk\u00e1m (d\u016fkazy o tomto m\u00edrn\u00e9m zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed jsou siln\u00e9), bude za\u0159azena do kategorie 1, a\u010dkoli p\u0159i b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nep\u0159edstavuje vysok\u00e9 riziko. <\/p>\n<h3>Stanovi\u0161t\u011b 5: P\u0159\u00edklady karcinogen\u016f a jejich vlastnost\u00ed<\/h3>\n<h4>Ot\u00e1zka pro studenty<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Z p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00e9ho seznamu (nebo podle vlastn\u00edho uv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed) vyberte jeden z karcinogen\u016f (nap\u0159. Benzen, Akrylamid, Formaldehyd, Azbest) a pomoc\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edho listu nebo z\u00e1znamu o jeho vlastnostech p\u0159edstavte nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159edstavovat jeho nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Stanice 6: Mo\u017en\u00e9 karcinogeny na pracovi\u0161ti<\/h3>\n<h4>Ot\u00e1zky pro studenty<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Prozkoumejte vybran\u00e9 pracovi\u0161t\u011b a zva\u017ete, s jak\u00fdmi mo\u017en\u00fdmi karcinogeny (chrom, kadmium, Benzen, Akrylamid, Formaldehyd, vyjet\u00e9 miner\u00e1ln\u00ed oleje ze stroj\u016f, v\u00fdfukov\u00e9 plyny z dieselov\u00fdch motor\u016f, d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fd prach, Azbest) se mohou pracovn\u00edci na tomto pracovi\u0161ti setkat?<\/li>\n<li>Jak\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed by m\u011bl zam\u011bstnavatel p\u0159ijmout?<\/li>\n<li>Jak\u00e9 kroky by m\u011bl pracovn\u00edk podniknout?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>P\u0159\u00edklad pracovi\u0161t\u011b ve<\/strong> stavebnictv\u00ed s expozic\u00ed azbestu:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Azbest se hojn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edval v budov\u00e1ch a stavebn\u00edch materi\u00e1lech. P\u0159i \u010dinnostech, p\u0159i nich\u017e se materi\u00e1ly obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed azbest drt\u00ed, se do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed uvol\u0148uj\u00ed azbestov\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna. Jednotliv\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna azbestu nejsou vid\u011bt ani c\u00edtit. Tato vl\u00e1kna mohou b\u00fdt nev\u011bdomky vdechnuta a n\u00e1sledn\u011b zachycena v plic\u00edch nebo uv\u00edznout v tr\u00e1vic\u00edm traktu.   <\/li>\n<li>P\u0159i dlouhodob\u00e9 expozici mohou azbestov\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna vdechnut\u00e1 nebo po\u017eit\u00e1 zp\u016fsobit z\u00e1n\u011bt a rakovinu (rakovinu plic a mezoteliom). Latentn\u00ed doba mezi expozic\u00ed a vznikem rakoviny souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s azbestem je velmi dlouh\u00e1 (15 a\u017e 50 let). <\/li>\n<li>V roce 2005 Evropsk\u00e1 unie zak\u00e1zala ve\u0161ker\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed azbestu a t\u011b\u017ebu, v\u00fdrobu a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed azbestov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f. To v\u0161ak neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee tento velmi \u0161kodliv\u00fd materi\u00e1l ji\u017e nen\u00ed v na\u0161\u00ed bl\u00edzkosti. Naopak, je obsa\u017een v mnoha v\u00fdrobc\u00edch, jako jsou vodovodn\u00ed trubky, ocelov\u00e9 konstrukce budov, kotle na vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed, t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed a st\u0159e\u0161n\u00ed krytiny.  <\/li>\n<li>Co mus\u00ed zam\u011bstnavatel\u00e9 ud\u011blat? P\u0159ed zah\u00e1jen\u00edm stavebn\u00edch prac\u00ed mus\u00ed zjistit, zda se na staveni\u0161ti nach\u00e1zej\u00ed materi\u00e1ly obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed azbest. Mus\u00ed prov\u011b\u0159it, zda se p\u0159i stavebn\u00edch prac\u00edch nebudou uvol\u0148ovat vl\u00e1kna do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, a d\u016fsledn\u011b dodr\u017eovat platn\u00e9 p\u0159edpisy. Pracovn\u00edci mus\u00ed b\u00fdt informov\u00e1ni o rizic\u00edch a preventivn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00edch. Pr\u00e1ce by m\u011bli prov\u00e1d\u011bt kvalifikovan\u00ed pracovn\u00edci za pou\u017eit\u00ed vhodn\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed a pracovn\u00edch technik.    <\/li>\n<li>Co mus\u00ed pracovn\u00edci d\u011blat? Mus\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat vhodn\u00e9 osobn\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 prost\u0159edky d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest a ochrann\u00fd od\u011bv poskytnut\u00fd zam\u011bstnavatelem. Materi\u00e1ly obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed azbest mus\u00ed b\u00fdt odstra\u0148ov\u00e1ny tak, aby byly co nejm\u00e9n\u011b po\u0161kozeny.  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Ot\u00e1zky pro studenty<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Co ud\u011bl\u00e1te, kdy\u017e se jako dobrovoln\u00edk z\u00fa\u010dastn\u00edte ekologick\u00e9 sb\u00edrky a zjist\u00edte, \u017ee se na st\u0159e\u0161e nach\u00e1z\u00ed neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed skl\u00e1dka z azbestocementov\u00e9 krytiny?<\/li>\n<li>Zva\u017ete, zda se ve va\u0161em okol\u00ed nach\u00e1zej\u00ed budovy se st\u0159echami z azbestocementu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Azbestov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky bychom nem\u011bli likvidovat sami, ale obr\u00e1tit se na autorizovan\u00e9 dodavatele, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou pro\u0161koleni a maj\u00ed vhodn\u00e9 pom\u016fcky pro osobn\u00ed ochranu. O neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed skl\u00e1dce informujte organiz\u00e1tory kampan\u011b na ochranu \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed budou informovat p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 kontroln\u00ed org\u00e1ny. <\/p>\n<h4>P\u0159\u00edklad pracovi\u0161t\u011b v autoopravn\u011b a expozice emis\u00edm z dieselov\u00fdch motor\u016f:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u011bt\u0161ina nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek je ozna\u010dena a klasifikov\u00e1na, ale existuj\u00ed i karcinogenn\u00ed l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 vznikaj\u00ed jako vedlej\u0161\u00ed produkty b\u011bhem pracovn\u00edho procesu. Proto\u017ee tyto l\u00e1tky obvykle nejsou ozna\u010deny a nemaj\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed list, je t\u0159eba jim v\u011bnovat zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost. V\u00fdfukov\u00e9 plyny vzn\u011btov\u00fdch motor\u016f jsou slo\u017eitou sm\u011bs\u00ed plyn\u016f, par, kapaln\u00fdch aerosol\u016f a \u010d\u00e1stic. Ve v\u00fdfukov\u00fdch plynech je pom\u011brn\u011b velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed saz\u00ed a sm\u011bs obsahuje n\u011bkolik karcinogenn\u00edch l\u00e1tek.   <\/li>\n<li>Kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e1 expozice v\u00fdfukov\u00fdm plyn\u016fm vzn\u011btov\u00fdch motor\u016f m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed o\u010d\u00ed, nosu, hrdla a plic. Dlouhodob\u00e1 expozice m\u016f\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161it riziko vzniku chronick\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest, v\u010detn\u011b rakoviny plic. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.napofilm.net\/en\/napos-films\/napo-hidden-killers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pod\u00edvejte se na animovan\u00fd film &#8222;Napo zvy\u0161uje pov\u011bdom\u00ed o skryt\u00fdch vraz\u00edch&#8220;.<\/a><\/p>\n<h4>Ot\u00e1zka pro studenty<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Pro\u010d mus\u00ed zam\u011bstnavatel\u00e9 v\u011bnovat zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost karcinogen\u016fm vznikaj\u00edc\u00edm jako vedlej\u0161\u00ed produkty b\u011bhem pracovn\u00edho procesu?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Stanice 7: Dvan\u00e1ct tip\u016f, jak p\u0159edch\u00e1zet rakovin\u011b<\/h3>\n<p>V\u011bd\u011bli jste, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd rok onemocn\u00ed rakovinou v\u00edce ne\u017e 12 000 Slovinc\u016f, z nich\u017e 5 700 zem\u0159e? Rakovina je druhou nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou \u00famrt\u00ed ve Slovinsku. Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi druhy rakoviny ve Slovinsku jsou:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rakovina k\u016f\u017ee<\/li>\n<li>Rakovina tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva<\/li>\n<li>Rakovina kone\u010dn\u00edku<\/li>\n<li>Rakovina plic<\/li>\n<li>Rakovina prsu<\/li>\n<li>Rakovina prostaty<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e1 n\u00e1dorov\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed mohou souviset s nezdrav\u00fdm \u017eivotn\u00edm stylem, nap\u0159. nadm\u011brn\u00fdm opalov\u00e1n\u00edm, nespr\u00e1vnou stravou, kou\u0159en\u00edm a nadm\u011brn\u00fdm pit\u00edm alkoholick\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u016f, a tak\u00e9 s expozic\u00ed karcinogen\u016fm na pracovi\u0161ti (nap\u0159. expozice azbestu z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 velk\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem p\u0159i odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed, Demolici a \u00fadr\u017eb\u011b budov).<\/p>\n<p>Pravd\u011bpodobnost vzniku rakoviny je d\u00e1na souhrnem vz\u00e1jemn\u011b propojen\u00fdch rizikov\u00fdch faktor\u016f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Faktory prost\u0159ed\u00ed (biologick\u00e9, chemick\u00e9 a fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed)<\/li>\n<li>\u017divotn\u00ed styl (kou\u0159en\u00ed, nezdrav\u00e1 strava)<\/li>\n<li>Expozice karcinogen\u016fm v pracovn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>D\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e1 predispozice<\/li>\n<li>N\u00e1hodn\u00e9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Vystaven\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdm rizikov\u00fdm faktor\u016fm neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 exponovan\u00e1 osoba ur\u010dit\u011b onemocn\u00ed, ale p\u0159edstavuje v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Jak se tedy vyhnout rakovin\u011b? Jak omezit rizikov\u00e9 faktory rakoviny?  <\/p>\n<h4>Ot\u00e1zka pro studenty<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Navrhn\u011bte n\u011bkter\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed v boji proti rakovin\u011b! Porovnejte je s 12 tipy pro prevenci rakoviny popsan\u00fdmi v let\u00e1ku Slovinsk\u00e9 asociace onkologick\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>12 tip\u016f, jak sn\u00ed\u017eit riziko rakoviny nebo ji odhalit d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e v\u00e1s probl\u00e9my po\u0161lou k l\u00e9ka\u0159i.<\/h4>\n<p>V roce 1986 vypracovali odborn\u00edci z programu Evropa proti rakovin\u011b na z\u00e1klad\u011b p\u0159edchoz\u00edch poznatk\u016f o faktorech \u017eivotn\u00edho a pracovn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e9 souvisej\u00ed se vznikem rakoviny, a o p\u0159\u00edstupech ke sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed rizika tohoto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed prvn\u00ed verzi Evropsk\u00e9ho kodexu proti rakovin\u011b. Jedn\u00e1 se o rady, jak \u017e\u00edt, aby se minimalizovala zranitelnost a aby se s podporou st\u00e1tu sn\u00ed\u017eila nemocnost a \u00famrtnost obyvatel na rakovinu. Nov\u00e9 poznatky o rizikov\u00fdch faktorech vzniku rakoviny a opat\u0159en\u00ed k co nejrychlej\u0161\u00edmu odhalen\u00ed nemoci vedly k novelizaci kodexu nejprve v roce 1995, pot\u00e9 v roce 2003 a pozd\u011bji v roce 2014.  <\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/cancer-code-europe.iarc.fr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u010ctvrtou, aktualizovanou verzi kodexu vypracovali<\/a> odborn\u00edci shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed pod z\u00e1\u0161titou Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed agentury pro v\u00fdzkum rakoviny, specializovan\u00e9 agentury Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace.<\/p>\n<p>Dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed aktualizovan\u00fdch rad sni\u017euje nejen hrozbu rakoviny, ale i dal\u0161\u00edch chronick\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edch, kter\u00e1 jsou z\u00e1rove\u0148 nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinami \u00famrt\u00ed. P\u00e9\u010de o zdrav\u00ed je osobn\u00ed zodpov\u011bdnost, kter\u00e1 je mo\u017en\u00e1 pouze v zemi, kter\u00e1 podporuje zdrav\u00ed ve v\u0161ech politik\u00e1ch, proto by nem\u011bla b\u00fdt ignorov\u00e1na zodpov\u011bdnost spole\u010dnosti v prevenci rakoviny a dal\u0161\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p><strong>Evropsk\u00fd kodex proti rakovin\u011b 2014<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Neku\u0159te!<br \/>\n<\/strong>Neku\u0159te a nepou\u017e\u00edvejte tab\u00e1kov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 form\u011b! Ku\u0159\u00e1ci, p\u0159esta\u0148te kou\u0159it co nejd\u0159\u00edve! <strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Nekou\u0159te v p\u0159\u00edtomnosti ostatn\u00edch!<br \/>\n<\/strong>Va\u0161e kou\u0159en\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee po\u0161kodit zdrav\u00ed lid\u00ed ve va\u0161em okol\u00ed! Neku\u0159te doma ani v pr\u00e1ci <\/li>\n<li><strong>Udr\u017eujte si zdravou, norm\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00e1hu!<br \/>\n<\/strong>Obezita zvy\u0161uje riziko rakoviny tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva a kone\u010dn\u00edku a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Udr\u017eujte si norm\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00e1hu vyv\u00e1\u017eenou stravou obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed dostatek zeleniny a ovoce! Udr\u017eujte fyzickou aktivitu!  <\/li>\n<li><b>Bu\u010fte fyzicky aktivn\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd den!<br \/>\n<\/b>Omezte \u010das str\u00e1ven\u00fd sezen\u00edm! V\u011bnujte se r\u016fzn\u00fdm aktivit\u00e1m (rychl\u00e1 ch\u016fze, b\u011bh, j\u00edzda na kole, plav\u00e1n\u00ed, b\u011bh na ly\u017e\u00edch)! <\/li>\n<li><strong>Jezte zdrav\u011b!<br \/>\n<\/strong>Jezte hodn\u011b celozrnn\u00fdch obilovin, lu\u0161t\u011bnin, zeleniny a ovoce! Nejezte p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho vysoce kalorick\u00fdch potravin (potraviny s vysok\u00fdm obsahem cukru a tuku) a vyh\u00fdbejte se sladk\u00fdm n\u00e1poj\u016fm! Vyh\u00fdbejte se masn\u00fdm v\u00fdrobk\u016fm a jezte m\u00e9n\u011b \u010derven\u00e9ho masa a potravin s vysok\u00fdm obsahem sod\u00edku!  <\/li>\n<li><strong>Omezte v\u0161echny druhy alkoholick\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u016f!<br \/>\n<\/strong>Abyste p\u0159ede\u0161li rakovin\u011b, je nejlep\u0161\u00ed nep\u00edt alkoholick\u00e9 n\u00e1poje v\u016fbec. Pokud ob\u010das pijete, pak mu\u017ei mohou m\u00edt maxim\u00e1ln\u011b dv\u011b jednotky alkoholick\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u016f denn\u011b a \u017eeny pouze jednu (jednotka obsahuje 10 g \u010dist\u00e9ho alkoholu, kter\u00fd je obsa\u017een v 1 dL v\u00edna, 2,5 dL piva, 0,3 dL lihovin nebo 2,5 dL mo\u0161tu). <\/li>\n<li><strong>Vystavujte se slunci co nejm\u00e9n\u011b!<br \/>\n<\/strong>Pou\u017e\u00edvejte ochrann\u00fd od\u011bv, pokr\u00fdvku hlavy, slune\u010dn\u00ed br\u00fdle a kr\u00e9my. D\u00e1vejte pozor, abyste se nesp\u00e1lili, zejm\u00e9na u d\u011bt\u00ed!<br \/>\nNebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 je tak\u00e9 opalov\u00e1n\u00ed v sol\u00e1ri\u00edch, proto\u017ee p\u016fsob\u00ed stejn\u011b jako slunce.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chra\u0148te se p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci p\u0159ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed rakovinu!<br \/>\n<\/strong>Informujte se o l\u00e1tk\u00e1ch, se kter\u00fdmi se v pr\u00e1ci setk\u00e1v\u00e1te!<br \/>\nDodr\u017eujte z\u00e1sady bezpe\u010dnosti a ochrany zdrav\u00ed p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci!<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chra\u0148te se p\u0159ed ionizuj\u00edc\u00edm z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm!<br \/>\n<\/strong>Tam, kde je v zemi v\u00edce radioaktivn\u00edho prvku radonu, m\u016f\u017ee pronikat do budov &#8211; do obytn\u00fdch a pracovn\u00edch prostor. Pravideln\u00e9 v\u011btr\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b sni\u017euje koncentraci radonu v m\u00edstnostech a chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed vznikem rakoviny plic. <\/li>\n<li><strong>\u017deny<\/strong><br \/>\nKojen\u00ed sni\u017euje riziko vzniku rakoviny, proto pokud je to mo\u017en\u00e9, kojte sv\u00e9 d\u011bti! Omezte u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed hormon\u00e1ln\u00edch l\u00e9k\u016f na zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f menopauzy, proto\u017ee jsou spojov\u00e1ny s n\u011bkter\u00fdmi typy rakoviny! <\/li>\n<li><strong>Ujist\u011bte se, \u017ee jsou va\u0161e d\u011bti o\u010dkov\u00e1ny proti:<br \/>\n<\/strong>Hepatitid\u011b B<br \/>\nLidsk\u00e9mu papilomaviru (HPV) (d\u00edvky).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00da\u010dastn\u011bte se organizovan\u00fdch screeningov\u00fdch program\u016f!<br \/>\n<\/strong>Po 50. roce v\u011bku si nechte ud\u011blat test na okultn\u00ed krev ve stolici, kter\u00fd nab\u00edz\u00ed program Svit! \u017deny, nav\u0161t\u011bvujte pravideln\u011b sv\u00e9ho gynekologa na cervik\u00e1ln\u00ed screening! Pokud obdr\u017e\u00edte pozv\u00e1nku na screeningov\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed v programu Zora, reagujte okam\u017eit\u011b! \u017deny star\u0161\u00ed 50 let by se m\u011bly objednat na preventivn\u00ed mamografick\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed. Pokud obdr\u017e\u00edte pozv\u00e1nku do programu Dora, reagujte na ni ihned!    <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","class_list":["post-97811","educational","type-educational","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.1 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>N\u00e1vrh v\u00fduky o karcinogenech pro 9. t\u0159\u00eddu z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly (minim\u00e1ln\u011b 14 let) - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"N\u00e1vrh v\u00fduky o karcinogenech pro 9. t\u0159\u00eddu z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly (minim\u00e1ln\u011b 14 let)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"P\u0159edm\u011bt: Zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed o projektu, kter\u00fd se uskute\u010dnil v roce 2012, a o jeho v\u00fdsledc\u00edch: Karcinogeny Tematick\u00e1 oblast: Chemie (p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed v\u011bdy) V\u011bkov\u00e1 skupina: (minim\u00e1ln\u011b) 9. t\u0159\u00edda z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly (14 let) C\u00edle lekce Studenti si prohloub\u00ed znalosti o nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch vlastnostech l\u00e1tek a jejich ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, jako\u017e i o zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami, zejm\u00e9na karcinogenn\u00edmi, mutagenn\u00edmi a reprotoxick\u00fdmi [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/cs\/educational\/navrh-vyuky-o-karcinogenech-pro-9-tridu-zakladni-skoly-minimalne-14-let\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"STOP carcinogens at work\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Cancer-development.webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Odhadovan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed \" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"19 minuta\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/cs\\\/educational\\\/navrh-vyuky-o-karcinogenech-pro-9-tridu-zakladni-skoly-minimalne-14-let\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/cs\\\/educational\\\/navrh-vyuky-o-karcinogenech-pro-9-tridu-zakladni-skoly-minimalne-14-let\\\/\",\"name\":\"N\u00e1vrh v\u00fduky o karcinogenech pro 9. t\u0159\u00eddu z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly (minim\u00e1ln\u011b 14 let) - 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