{"id":108431,"date":"2026-06-29T10:13:55","date_gmt":"2026-06-29T10:13:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/dichlormethan-2\/"},"modified":"2026-06-29T10:13:55","modified_gmt":"2026-06-29T10:13:55","slug":"dichlormethan-2","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/cs\/fact\/dichlormethan-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Dichlormethan"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p>Star\u0161\u00ed \u00fadaje (CAREX) z roku 1990 ukazuj\u00ed na profesn\u00ed expozici dichlormethanu (zn\u00e1m\u00e9mu tak\u00e9 jako methylenchlorid nebo chloroform) u p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 250000 pracovn\u00edk\u016f v EU (15 \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f). Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed dichlormethanu v\u0161ak bylo od t\u00e9 doby v\u00fdrazn\u011b omezeno (na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed REACH, sm\u011brnice o pitn\u00e9 vod\u011b).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 odhady profesn\u00ed expozice dichlormethanu v EU nejsou k dispozici. Hlavn\u00edmi cestami expozice na pracovi\u0161ti jsou d\u00fdchac\u00ed cesty a k\u016f\u017ee. Dichlormethan m\u00e1 harmonizovanou klasifikaci podle CLP na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o klasifikaci ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed a balen\u00ed l\u00e1tek a sm\u011bs\u00ed jako karcinogen kategorie 2. Agentura IARC klasifikuje tuto l\u00e1tku jako karcinogen skupiny 2A (pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b karcinogenn\u00ed pro \u010dlov\u011bka). Dichlormethan je podez\u0159el\u00fd ze zp\u016fsoben\u00ed rakoviny slinivky b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed, plic a jater.<\/p>\n<h2>Kde se vyskytuj\u00ed rizika<\/h2>\n<p>Dichlormethan se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jako odstra\u0148ova\u010d n\u00e1t\u011br\u016f, odma\u0161\u0165ovadlo, hnac\u00ed plyn, chladivo a extrak\u010dn\u00ed rozpou\u0161t\u011bdlo. Je vysoce t\u011bkav\u00fd, rozpou\u0161t\u00ed mnoho organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, a proto se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 tak\u00e9 jako rozpou\u0161t\u011bdlo prysky\u0159ic, tuk\u016f, plast\u016f a \u017eivic. Slou\u017e\u00ed tak\u00e9 jako lepidlo pro speci\u00e1ln\u00ed aplikace (akryl\u00e1tov\u00e9 sklo, polystyren).<\/p>\n<p>Dichlormethan je vysoce t\u011bkav\u00fd, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed na velk\u00e9 plo\u0161e se ve vzduchu mohou rychle vytvo\u0159it vysok\u00e9 koncentrace, kter\u00e9 lze vdechnout. B\u011bhem takov\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed ve velk\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku, jako je odma\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo lepen\u00ed (plastov\u00fdch) povrch\u016f, se ve vdechovan\u00e9m vzduchu mohou st\u00e1le vyskytovat vysok\u00e9 koncentrace dichlormethanu. Expozice vysok\u00e9 intenzity jsou mo\u017en\u00e9 u pracovn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed odstra\u0148ova\u010de n\u00e1t\u011br\u016f (stavebnictv\u00ed, renovace), a p\u0159i \u00fakolech, jako je \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed, odma\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo \u00fadr\u017eba v uzav\u0159en\u00fdch prostor\u00e1ch. Expozice st\u0159edn\u00ed intenzity jsou typick\u00e9 v chemick\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b, farmaceutick\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b a p\u0159i formulaci rozpou\u0161t\u011bdel, zat\u00edmco expozice n\u00edzk\u00e9 intenzity lze o\u010dek\u00e1vat v analytick\u00fdch, v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch a zdravotnick\u00fdch laborato\u0159\u00edch u laboratorn\u00edho person\u00e1lu a ve farmaceutick\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu (extrak\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinidla) a p\u0159i prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed povrchov\u00fdch \u00faprav plast\u016f pomoc\u00ed odma\u0161\u0165ovac\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f a lepidel.<\/p>\n<h2>V\u00edce o l\u00e1tce<\/h2>\n<p>Dichlormethan je alifatick\u00fd, nasycen\u00fd halogenovan\u00fd uhlovod\u00edk, kter\u00fd je v \u010dist\u00e9 form\u011b bezbarvou kapalinou s v\u016fn\u00ed podobnou chloroformu. M\u00e1 n\u00edzk\u00fd bod varu 40&nbsp;\u00b0C, tlak par 470&nbsp;hPa (p\u0159i 20&nbsp;\u00b0C) a je vysoce t\u011bkav\u00fd. P\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdrobk\u016f obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch dichlormethan se do \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed uvol\u0148uje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 85&nbsp;% l\u00e1tky. Za b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch podm\u00ednek pou\u017eit\u00ed nen\u00ed dichlormethan ho\u0159lav\u00fd; v uzav\u0159en\u00fdch n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee hrozit nebezpe\u010d\u00ed v\u00fdbuchu.<\/p>\n<p>Vzhledem k omezen\u00edm pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed podle na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed REACH sm\u00ed odstra\u0148ova\u010de n\u00e1t\u011br\u016f obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 0,1hmotnostn\u00edch % dichlormethanu komer\u010dn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvat pouze speci\u00e1ln\u011b vy\u0161kolen\u00fd person\u00e1l. P\u0159i spalov\u00e1n\u00ed dichlormethanu m\u016f\u017ee vznikat plynn\u00fd, vysoce toxick\u00fd fosgen.<\/p>\n<h2>Rizika, kter\u00e1 mohou nastat<\/h2>\n<p>Pokud se l\u00e1tka vst\u0159eb\u00e1 v tekut\u00e9 form\u011b, nap\u0159. k\u016f\u017e\u00ed, ovliv\u0148uje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm centr\u00e1ln\u00ed nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m a zp\u016fsobuje p\u0159\u00edznaky, jako jsou bolesti hlavy, z\u00e1vrat\u011b, nevolnost, necitlivost a zhor\u0161en\u00e1 koncentrace. V t\u011ble se dichlormethan p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uje na oxid uhelnat\u00fd, \u010d\u00edm\u017e zp\u016fsobuje otravu oxidem uhelnat\u00fdm. M\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt tak\u00e9 k podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest a o\u010d\u00ed, ztr\u00e1t\u011b chuti k j\u00eddlu, \u0161patn\u00e9 koncentraci a \u00fanav\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Dlouhodob\u00fd kontakt s k\u016f\u017e\u00ed vede k rozkladu tukov\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b, \u010d\u00edm\u017e zp\u016fsobuje vyr\u00e1\u017eky a sv\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee. V\u00fdpary dichlormethanu jsou t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e vzduch, a proto se hromad\u00ed u zem\u011b. Vdechov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdpar\u016f m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit po\u0161kozen\u00ed zrakov\u00e9ho nervu a jater (hepatitidu).<\/p>\n<p>Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u00fa\u010dinkem dlouhodob\u00e9 expozice je karcinogenita. Dichlormethan je podez\u0159el\u00fd ze zp\u016fsoben\u00ed rakoviny slinivky b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed, plic a jater.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Latence pro vznik rakoviny po expozici dichlormethanu se m\u016f\u017ee pohybovat od 20 do 30 let.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>Co m\u016f\u017eete ud\u011blat<\/h2>\n<p>V prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b byste m\u011bli zkontrolovat, zda lze v\u00fdrobky obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed dichlormethan nahradit m\u00e9n\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdmi nebo nen\u00e9bezpe\u010dn\u00fdmi alternativami. Existuje \u0161irok\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la alternativn\u00edch produkt\u016f, zejm\u00e9na pro pou\u017eit\u00ed jako hnac\u00ed plyn. Pokud nen\u00ed k dispozici \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 n\u00e1hrada, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt zavedena vhodn\u00e1 zdravotn\u00ed a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na u aplikac\u00ed ve velk\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku, aby byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna Osobn\u00ed ochrana exponovan\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f. V\u00fdpary mus\u00ed b\u00fdt zachycov\u00e1ny a ods\u00e1v\u00e1ny u zdroje nebo bl\u00edzko zem\u011b pomoc\u00ed ods\u00e1vac\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f. Po\u010det exponovan\u00fdch osob a doba expozice mus\u00ed b\u00fdt omezeny na minimum. Exponovan\u00ed pracovn\u00edci mus\u00ed b\u00fdt pravideln\u011b a srozumiteln\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem pou\u010dov\u00e1ni o rizic\u00edch dichlormethanu a o prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed ochrann\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed. Po vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech uveden\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed lze p\u0159\u00edjem dichlormethanu do t\u011bla d\u00e1le sn\u00ed\u017eit pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm vhodn\u00fdch osobn\u00edch ochrann\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f (OOP) a pracovn\u00edch od\u011bv\u016f. OOP a pracovn\u00ed od\u011bvy mus\u00ed b\u00fdt mo\u017en\u00e9 \u010distit a hygienicky skladovat. P\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ochrany d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest a rukavic je nutn\u00e9 dodr\u017eovat pokyny v\u00fdrobce t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se vhodnosti, manipulace, \u00fadr\u017eby, \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a doby pr\u016fniku.<\/p>\n<p><em>Reference: OECD, ECHA; EU-OSHA, Gestis, EC, UBA.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[8115],"class_list":["post-108431","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-dichlormethan"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Dichlormethan - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! We collected all the important information these causing substances in easy-to-understand factsheets.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/cs\/fact\/dichlormethan-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Dichlormethan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! We collected all the important information these causing substances in easy-to-understand factsheets.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/cs\/fact\/dichlormethan-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"STOP carcinogens at work\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Odhadovan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed \" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"5 minuta\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/cs\\\/fact\\\/dichlormethan-2\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/cs\\\/fact\\\/dichlormethan-2\\\/\",\"name\":\"Dichlormethan - STOP carcinogens at work\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/cs\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-29T10:13:55+00:00\",\"description\":\"Be aware of what you work with! We collected all the important information these causing substances in easy-to-understand factsheets.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/cs\\\/fact\\\/dichlormethan-2\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"cs-CZ\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/cs\\\/fact\\\/dichlormethan-2\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/cs\\\/fact\\\/dichlormethan-2\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/cs\\\/stop-karcinogenum-pri-praci\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Facts\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/cs\\\/fact\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Dichlormethan\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/cs\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/cs\\\/\",\"name\":\"STOP Carcinogens at work\",\"description\":\"Every year, about 100.000 people die from cancer that was caused by exposure to carcinogens at work in Europe.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/cs\\\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"Roadmap on Carcinogens\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/cs\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"cs-CZ\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/cs\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"TNO\",\"alternateName\":\"This is a European wide voluntary action scheme\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/cs\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"cs-CZ\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/cs\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/cropped-FavLarge-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/cropped-FavLarge-1.png\",\"width\":512,\"height\":512,\"caption\":\"TNO\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/cs\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/legal\\\/\",\"ownershipFundingInfo\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/general\\\/about-us\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Dichlormethan - STOP carcinogens at work","description":"Be aware of what you work with! We collected all the important information these causing substances in easy-to-understand factsheets.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/cs\/fact\/dichlormethan-2\/","og_locale":"cs_CZ","og_type":"article","og_title":"Dichlormethan","og_description":"Be aware of what you work with! We collected all the important information these causing substances in easy-to-understand factsheets.","og_url":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/cs\/fact\/dichlormethan-2\/","og_site_name":"STOP carcinogens at work","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Odhadovan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed ":"5 minuta"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/cs\/fact\/dichlormethan-2\/","url":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/cs\/fact\/dichlormethan-2\/","name":"Dichlormethan - STOP carcinogens at work","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/cs\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-06-29T10:13:55+00:00","description":"Be aware of what you work with! We collected all the important information these causing substances in easy-to-understand factsheets.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/cs\/fact\/dichlormethan-2\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"cs-CZ","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/cs\/fact\/dichlormethan-2\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/cs\/fact\/dichlormethan-2\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/cs\/stop-karcinogenum-pri-praci\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Facts","item":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/cs\/fact\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Dichlormethan"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/cs\/#website","url":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/cs\/","name":"STOP Carcinogens at work","description":"Every year, about 100.000 people die from cancer that was caused by exposure to carcinogens at work in Europe.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/cs\/#organization"},"alternateName":"Roadmap on Carcinogens","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/cs\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"cs-CZ"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/cs\/#organization","name":"TNO","alternateName":"This is a European wide voluntary action scheme","url":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/cs\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cs-CZ","@id":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/cs\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/cropped-FavLarge-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/cropped-FavLarge-1.png","width":512,"height":512,"caption":"TNO"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/cs\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"publishingPrinciples":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/legal\/","ownershipFundingInfo":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/general\/about-us\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fact\/108431","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fact"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/fact"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=108431"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"carcinogens","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/carcinogens?post=108431"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}