{"id":108437,"date":"2026-06-29T09:49:10","date_gmt":"2026-06-29T09:49:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/kozni-prach\/"},"modified":"2026-06-29T09:49:10","modified_gmt":"2026-06-29T09:49:10","slug":"kozni-prach","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/cs\/fact\/kozni-prach\/","title":{"rendered":"Ko\u017en\u00ed prach"},"content":{"rendered":"

Po\u010det pracovn\u00edk\u016f potenci\u00e1ln\u011b vystaven\u00fdch ko\u017en\u00edmu prachu se ve v\u0161ech zem\u00edch EU odhaduje na 310 000. Hlavn\u00ed cestou pracovn\u00ed expozice jsou d\u00fdchac\u00ed cesty (vdechov\u00e1n\u00ed prachu). Ko\u017en\u00ed prach je agenturou IARC klasifikov\u00e1n jako lidsk\u00fd karcinogen (skupina 1). Nen\u00ed klasifikov\u00e1n podle evropsk\u00e9ho CLP na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o klasifikaci ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed a balen\u00ed l\u00e1tek a sm\u011bs\u00ed, proto\u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o l\u00e1tku vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159i procesech pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee. Expozice tomuto prachu zp\u016fsobuje rakovinu nosn\u00ed dutiny a rakovinu vedlej\u0161\u00edch nosn\u00edch dutin.<\/p>\n

Kde se rizika vyskytuj\u00ed<\/h2>\n

Ko\u017en\u00ed prach vznik\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm p\u0159i mechanick\u00fdch operac\u00edch na such\u00e9 k\u016f\u017ei. K tomu doch\u00e1z\u00ed zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b zbo\u017e\u00ed (obuv, ko\u017een\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed), ale tak\u00e9 p\u0159i jeho oprav\u00e1ch (oprava obuvi). Nejv\u00edce prachu vznik\u00e1 p\u0159i dokon\u010dovac\u00edch operac\u00edch (brou\u0161en\u00ed, smirkov\u00e1n\u00ed, abraze, \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed, hlazen\u00ed, le\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, \u0161t\u00edp\u00e1n\u00ed). V ko\u017eelu\u017en\u00e1ch a z\u00e1vodech na zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee je expozice ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed, proto\u017ee tyto procesy prob\u00edhaj\u00ed ve vlhk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Mezi nejv\u00edce exponovan\u00e9 pracovn\u00edky proto pat\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdrobci ko\u017een\u00e9ho zbo\u017e\u00ed, obuvn\u00edci, oper\u00e1to\u0159i v\u00fdroby obuvi, dokon\u010dovac\u00ed pracovn\u00edci a st\u0159iha\u010di\/\u0159eza\u010di.<\/p>\n

V\u00edce o l\u00e1tce<\/h2>\n

Ko\u017en\u00ed prach je komplexn\u00ed sm\u011bs kolagenn\u00edch vl\u00e1ken (\u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch b\u00edlkovin), zbytk\u016f \u010din\u011bn\u00ed (rostlinn\u00fdch t\u0159\u00edslovin a chromit\u00fdch sol\u00ed \u2013 chromu(III) a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b chromu(VI)<\/a>), barviv nebo pigment\u016f a dokon\u010dovac\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f (prysky\u0159ic a rozpou\u0161t\u011bdel).
\nTerm\u00edn \u201ek\u016f\u017ee\u201c ozna\u010duje v\u00fdrobek z\u00edskan\u00fd ze zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee \u010din\u011bn\u00edm nebo impregnac\u00ed, kter\u00e1 zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159irozenou strukturu vl\u00e1ken k\u016f\u017ee. Materi\u00e1ly poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z rostlin nebo petrochemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek (nebo sm\u011bsi oboj\u00edho) nebo z jak\u00e9hokoli jin\u00e9ho zdroje ne\u017e ze zv\u00ed\u0159at nesm\u011bj\u00ed leg\u00e1ln\u011b n\u00e9st ozna\u010den\u00ed \u201ek\u016f\u017ee\u201c.<\/p>\n

Je t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee karcinogenn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek uznan\u00fd agenturou IARC souvis\u00ed se samotn\u00fdm prachem, tj. s pevn\u00fdmi \u010d\u00e1sticemi vznikaj\u00edc\u00edmi p\u0159i mechanick\u00e9m zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed vy\u010din\u011bn\u00e9 k\u016f\u017ee, a nikoli s potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00fdch karcinogenn\u00edch l\u00e1tek, jako je chrom VI, v tomto prachu (o chromu VI viz specifick\u00fd informa\u010dn\u00ed list zde).<\/p>\n

V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b nejsou pro ko\u017en\u00ed prach k dispozici \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 limitn\u00ed hodnoty expozice na pracovi\u0161ti, a to ani na vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00ed, ani na evropsk\u00e9 \u00farovni.<\/p>\n

Zdravotn\u00ed rizika, kter\u00e1 mohou nastat<\/h2>\n

Hlavn\u00ed cestou expozice ko\u017en\u00edmu prachu pro pracovn\u00edky jsou d\u00fdchac\u00ed cesty (vdechov\u00e1n\u00ed prachu). Kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky na zdrav\u00ed zahrnuj\u00ed podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest, r\u00fdmu, podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed o\u010d\u00ed a ka\u0161el. Dlouhodob\u00e1 expozice ko\u017en\u00edmu prachu m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit rakovinu v oblasti ORL (vedlej\u0161\u00ed nosn\u00ed dutiny, nosn\u00ed dutiny) a m\u016f\u017ee zhor\u0161it respira\u010dn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed (chronick\u00e1 bronchitida).
\nRakovina nosn\u00edch dutin a vedlej\u0161\u00edch nosn\u00edch dutin spojen\u00e1 s ko\u017en\u00edm prachem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch EU (Francie, N\u011bmecko, \u0160pan\u011blsko, It\u00e1lie) uzn\u00e1na jako rakovina z povol\u00e1n\u00ed, ale podm\u00ednky pro toto uzn\u00e1n\u00ed se v jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00edch li\u0161\u00ed.
\nLatence p\u0159ed vznikem rakoviny m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt relativn\u011b dlouh\u00e1 (10 a\u017e 40 let).<\/p>\n

Co m\u016f\u017eete ud\u011blat<\/h2>\n

Ko\u017en\u00ed prach vznik\u00e1 p\u0159i procesech pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch k opracov\u00e1n\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edch k\u016f\u017e\u00ed (\u010din\u011bn\u00ed, \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed, abraze, brou\u0161en\u00ed atd.), a proto se mu nelze vyhnout. Aby se omezila expozice prachu, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt pr\u00e1ce prov\u00e1d\u011bna v uzav\u0159en\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu, nebo pokud to nen\u00ed provediteln\u00e9, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt ka\u017ed\u00e9 pracovi\u0161t\u011b vybaveno opat\u0159en\u00edmi kolektivn\u00ed ochrany (zapouzd\u0159en\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, syst\u00e9my ods\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed prachu). Tyto syst\u00e9my mus\u00ed b\u00fdt pravideln\u011b udr\u017eov\u00e1ny, aby byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna jejich \u00fa\u010dinnost. Po\u010det exponovan\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f mus\u00ed b\u00fdt rovn\u011b\u017e omezen. Jako posledn\u00ed mo\u017enost, pokud hladinu prachu u ur\u010dit\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f nelze v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit pomoc\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed, m\u016f\u017eete pou\u017e\u00edt prost\u0159edky na ochranu d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b mus\u00edte b\u00fdt pro\u0161koleni v jejich pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a mus\u00ed b\u00fdt vypracov\u00e1n a zaveden postup pro spr\u00e1vu t\u011bchto prost\u0159edk\u016f. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee byla prok\u00e1z\u00e1na p\u0159\u00edtomnost karcinogenn\u00edch l\u00e1tek na pracovn\u00edch ploch\u00e1ch, je pro omezen\u00ed op\u011btovn\u00e9ho rozv\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed prachu nezbytn\u00e9 pravideln\u00e9 \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed povrch\u016f a p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e1 hygiena (\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pracovn\u00edch od\u011bv\u016f a rukou).<\/p>\n

Reference:<\/p>\n