{"id":97704,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:21","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/slouceniny-kadmia\/"},"modified":"2026-07-22T14:14:57","modified_gmt":"2026-07-22T14:14:57","slug":"slouceniny-kadmia","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/cs\/fact\/slouceniny-kadmia\/","title":{"rendered":"Slou\u010deniny kadmia"},"content":{"rendered":"

Odhaduje se, \u017ee v EU je kadmium a jeho slou\u010deniny potenci\u00e1ln\u011b vystaveny 10 000 pracovn\u00edk\u016fm. K expozici nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm koncentrac\u00edm kadmia m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e jsou pracovn\u00edci vystaveni kadmiov\u00e9mu prachu nebo v\u00fdpar\u016fm. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Pracovn\u00edci mohou b\u00fdt vystaveni kadmiu p\u0159i taven\u00ed a rafinaci kov\u016f nebo prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm ovzdu\u0161\u00ed v pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch z\u00e1vodech, kter\u00e9 vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed baterie, n\u00e1t\u011brov\u00e9 hmoty nebo plasty. Prach a v\u00fdpary mohou doch\u00e1zet tak\u00e9 p\u0159i zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed slou\u010denin nebo povrch\u016f obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch kadmium, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b p\u0159i sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed nebo p\u00e1jen\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch kadmium. Hlavn\u00ed cestou expozice je vdechov\u00e1n\u00ed, i kdy\u017e m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k n\u00e1hodn\u00e9mu po\u017eit\u00ed prachu z kontaminovan\u00fdch rukou. Kadmium a slou\u010deniny kadmia jsou podle CLP na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o klasifikaci ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed a balen\u00ed l\u00e1tek a sm\u011bs\u00ed za\u0159azeny do kategorie karcinogen\u016f 1B, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee mohou u lid\u00ed zp\u016fsobit rakovinu. Kadmium a slou\u010deniny kadmia zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed rakovinu plic, byly v\u0161ak zaznamen\u00e1ny i p\u0159\u00edpady rakoviny ledvin a prostaty. <\/p>\n

Kde se vyskytuj\u00ed rizika<\/h2>\n

Pracovn\u00edci v mnoha pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch jsou potenci\u00e1ln\u011b vystaveni kadmiu. Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed riziko expozice je u pracovn\u00edk\u016f p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b a rafinaci kadmia, v\u00fdrob\u011b Ni-Cd bateri\u00ed, galvanick\u00e9m pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed, v\u00fdrob\u011b pigment\u016f a sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Exponovan\u00ed pracovn\u00edci se vyskytuj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ve Stavebnictv\u00ed, p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b kovov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f (zejm\u00e9na bateri\u00ed), v pr\u016fmyslu barevn\u00fdch obecn\u00fdch kov\u016f a p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b plastov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f, jako jsou okenn\u00ed r\u00e1my. <\/p>\n

V\u00edce o l\u00e1tce<\/h2>\n

Kadmium je p\u0159irozen\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed prvek v zemsk\u00e9 k\u016f\u0159e. Kovov\u00e9 kadmium m\u00e1 specifick\u00e9 vlastnosti, jako je odolnost proti korozi, n\u00edzk\u00e1 teplota t\u00e1n\u00ed, vysok\u00e1 tepeln\u00e1 a elektrick\u00e1 vodivost. D\u00edky t\u011bmto vlastnostem je vhodn\u00fd pro \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed. Tento m\u011bkk\u00fd, st\u0159\u00edb\u0159it\u011b b\u00edl\u00fd kov bez z\u00e1pachu byl poprv\u00e9 pou\u017eit v pigmentech barev a jako n\u00e1hrada c\u00ednu. Dnes se p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b t\u0159i \u010dtvrtiny kadmia pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jako sou\u010d\u00e1st elektrod v alkalick\u00fdch bateri\u00edch. Zbytek se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v pigmentech, n\u00e1t\u011brech, pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed a jako stabiliz\u00e1tor plast\u016f. <\/p>\n

V platnosti je z\u00e1vazn\u00e1 mezn\u00ed hodnota expozice na pracovi\u0161ti stanoven\u00e1 EU ve v\u00fd\u0161i 0,004 mg\/m\u00b3 (vdechovateln\u00fd) a 0,001 mg\/m\u00b3 (inhala\u010dn\u00ed).<\/p>\n

Nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, kter\u00e1 mohou nastat<\/h2>\n

Expozice kadmiu m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed sliznic nosu a horn\u00edch cest d\u00fdchac\u00edch. Akutn\u00ed inhala\u010dn\u00ed expozice (vysok\u00e9 hladiny v kr\u00e1tk\u00e9m \u010dasov\u00e9m obdob\u00ed) m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt za n\u00e1sledek p\u0159\u00edznaky podobn\u00e9 ch\u0159ipce (zimnice, hore\u010dka a bolesti sval\u016f) a m\u016f\u017ee po\u0161kodit pl\u00edce. Chronick\u00e1 expozice (n\u00edzk\u00e9 hladiny po del\u0161\u00ed dobu) m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt za n\u00e1sledek onemocn\u011bn\u00ed ledvin, prostaty a plic. Mezi hlavn\u00ed a nejz\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky dlouhodob\u00e9 expozice kadmiu pat\u0159\u00ed poruchy funkce ledvin, rakovina plic a rakovina prostaty. <\/p>\n

Latence mezi expozic\u00ed a vznikem rakoviny zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 kadmiem je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 10 let.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Co m\u016f\u017eete ud\u011blat<\/h2>\n

Nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, jak zabr\u00e1nit expozici, je nahradit v\u00fdrobky alternativami bez kadmia nebo s ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed koncentrac\u00ed kadmia. Pro dob\u00edjec\u00ed baterie (nikl-metal hydrid), pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed (zinek, hlin\u00edk nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00fd v p\u00e1\u0159e), pigmenty (sulfid ceru) a stabiliz\u00e1tory plast\u016f jsou k dispozici \u017eivotaschopn\u00e9, m\u00e9n\u011b toxick\u00e9 alternativy kadmia. Pokud nelze v\u00fdrobky obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed kadmium nahradit, sni\u017ete expozici kadmiu na minimum pomoc\u00ed technick\u00fdch kontrol, jako jsou uzav\u0159en\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 v\u011btr\u00e1n\u00ed a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 m\u00edstn\u00ed ods\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed tam, kde m\u016f\u017ee doch\u00e1zet k emis\u00edm. Pravideln\u011b prov\u00e1d\u011bjte reprezentativn\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed expozice, aby bylo zn\u00e1mo, kdy je t\u0159eba p\u0159ijmout opat\u0159en\u00ed. Zjist\u011bte, zda pracovn\u00edci hl\u00e1s\u00ed \u010dasn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky, a zapojte l\u00e9ka\u0159e pracovn\u011bl\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee kadmium je kumulativn\u00ed toxick\u00e1 l\u00e1tka, je biologick\u00e9 monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed kadmia v mo\u010di dobr\u00fdm ukazatelem, kter\u00fd podporuje hodnocen\u00ed expozice pro celkovou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e organismu a p\u0159edstavuje vhodn\u00fd parametr pro prevenci po\u0161kozen\u00ed ledvin. Pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b informujte pracovn\u00edky o \u00fa\u010dinc\u00edch expozice. Spr\u00e1vn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed zahrnuj\u00ed omezen\u00ed doby, po kterou pracovn\u00edk vykon\u00e1v\u00e1 \u00fakoly spojen\u00e9 s mo\u017enou expozic\u00ed kadmiu. <\/p>\n

Krom\u011b toho pro\u0161kolte pracovn\u00edky v oblasti rizik, bezpe\u010dn\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch postup\u016f a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch hygienick\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed. Pokud provediteln\u00e9 kontroln\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed nesta\u010d\u00ed ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed expozice pod expozi\u010dn\u00ed limity, dopl\u0148te je osobn\u00edmi ochrann\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky. Osobn\u00ed ochrana by m\u011bla b\u00fdt pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na pouze jako posledn\u00ed mo\u017enost, a\u017e po vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech mo\u017en\u00fdch technick\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee k po\u017eit\u00ed kadmia m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt v d\u016fsledku kontaktu rukou s \u00fasty po kontaminaci k\u016f\u017ee, je t\u0159eba co nejv\u00edce zabr\u00e1nit kontaktu s k\u016f\u017e\u00ed a v\u011bnovat zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost osobn\u00ed hygien\u011b. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[8096],"class_list":["post-97704","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-slouceniny-kadmia"],"yoast_head":"\nSlou\u010deniny kadmia - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Odhaduje se, \u017ee v EU je kadmium a jeho slou\u010deniny potenci\u00e1ln\u011b vystaveny 10 000 pracovn\u00edk\u016fm.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/cs\/fact\/slouceniny-kadmia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Slou\u010deniny kadmia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Odhaduje se, \u017ee v EU je kadmium a jeho slou\u010deniny potenci\u00e1ln\u011b vystaveny 10 000 pracovn\u00edk\u016fm.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/cs\/fact\/slouceniny-kadmia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"STOP carcinogens at work\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-07-22T14:14:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Odhadovan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed \" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minuta\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/cs\\\/fact\\\/slouceniny-kadmia\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/cs\\\/fact\\\/slouceniny-kadmia\\\/\",\"name\":\"Slou\u010deniny kadmia - 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