{"id":98039,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:21","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/slouceniny-niklu\/"},"modified":"2026-07-22T14:14:56","modified_gmt":"2026-07-22T14:14:56","slug":"slouceniny-niklu","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/cs\/fact\/slouceniny-niklu\/","title":{"rendered":"Slou\u010deniny niklu"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p>Podle nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch odhad\u016f z roku 2019 je v EU p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 80 000 pracovn\u00edk\u016f vystaveno v\u00fdpar\u016fm, prachu a mlze obsa\u017een\u00fdm v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed nikl a jeho slou\u010deniny.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Slou\u010deniny niklu jsou za\u0159azeny do kategorie karcinogen\u016f 1A, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jsou prokazateln\u011b p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou rakoviny u lid\u00ed. Kovov\u00fd nikl je podle IARC za\u0159azen do skupiny karcinogen\u016f 2B, tedy l\u00e1tek, kter\u00e9 jsou pro \u010dlov\u011bka potenci\u00e1ln\u011b karcinogenn\u00ed. K expozici doch\u00e1z\u00ed vdechov\u00e1n\u00edm, po\u017eit\u00edm nebo kontaktem s k\u016f\u017e\u00ed. Po expozici niklu a Slou\u010denin\u00e1m niklu se nav\u00edc objevuj\u00ed ko\u017en\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee a respira\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky. Expozice prach\u016fm z rafinace niklu a subsulfidu niklu zvy\u0161uje riziko vzniku rakoviny plic a nosn\u00ed dutiny.    <\/p>\n<h2>Kde se vyskytuj\u00ed rizika<\/h2>\n<p>Nikl, ve form\u011b r\u016fzn\u00fdch slitin a slou\u010denin, se v komer\u010dn\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 let. Slou\u010deniny niklu a kovov\u00fd nikl maj\u00ed mnoho pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch a komer\u010dn\u00edch vyu\u017eit\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b pou\u017eit\u00ed v nerezov\u00e9 oceli a dal\u0161\u00edch niklov\u00fdch slitin\u00e1ch, katalyz\u00e1torech, bateri\u00edch, pigmentech a keramice. V\u011bt\u0161ina pracovn\u00edk\u016f vystaven\u00fdch niklu a slou\u010denin\u00e1m niklu v Evropsk\u00e9 unii pracuje ve v\u00fdrob\u011b kovov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f a ve v\u00fdrob\u011b stroj\u016f (krom\u011b elektrick\u00fdch) a ve v\u00fdrob\u011b dopravn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f. Expozice p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci je b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 u pracovn\u00edk\u016f zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch se taven\u00edm, sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm, odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00edm, st\u0159\u00edk\u00e1n\u00edm barvy a brou\u0161en\u00edm niklu, slou\u010denin niklu a materi\u00e1l\u016f obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch nikl.   <\/p>\n<h2>V\u00edce o l\u00e1tce<\/h2>\n<p>Nikl je st\u0159\u00edb\u0159it\u011b b\u00edl\u00fd kovov\u00fd prvek, kter\u00fd se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v zemsk\u00e9 k\u016f\u0159e. V prost\u0159ed\u00ed se vyskytuje p\u0159irozen\u011b v n\u00edzk\u00fdch koncentrac\u00edch.Nikl se m\u016f\u017ee kombinovat s jin\u00fdmi prvky za vzniku Slou\u010denin niklu. D\u00edky sv\u00fdm jedine\u010dn\u00fdm vlastnostem m\u00e1 nikl mnoho pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch vyu\u017eit\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161ina niklu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ve slitin\u00e1ch kov\u016f, proto\u017ee jim dod\u00e1v\u00e1 u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 vlastnosti, jako je odolnost proti korozi, tepeln\u00e1 odolnost a tvrdost.   <\/p>\n<p>V platnosti jsou z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 mezn\u00ed hodnoty expozice na pracovi\u0161ti stanoven\u00e9 EU ve v\u00fd\u0161i 0,01 mg\/m\u00b3 pro vdechovatelnou frakci a 0,05 mg\/m\u00b3 pro inhalovatelnou frakci (v obou p\u0159\u00edpadech se jedn\u00e1 o \u010dasov\u011b v\u00e1\u017een\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br za pracovn\u00ed dobu).<\/p>\n<h2>Nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, kter\u00e1 mohou nastat<\/h2>\n<p>K pracovn\u00ed expozici niklu doch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm vdechov\u00e1n\u00edm prachov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic a v\u00fdpar\u016f nebo kontaktem s k\u016f\u017e\u00ed. Akutn\u00ed expozice vysok\u00fdm koncentrac\u00edm niklu vdechov\u00e1n\u00edm m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed plic a ledvin. Dlouhodob\u00e1 expozice prachu z niklov\u00fdch rafineri\u00ed vede u pracovn\u00edk\u016f rafineri\u00ed niklu ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9mu riziku rakoviny plic a nosu. Chronick\u00e1 derm\u00e1ln\u00ed expozice niklu m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k dermatitid\u011b s pot\u00ed\u017eemi, jako je such\u00e1, podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e1 nebo sv\u011bdiv\u00e1 k\u016f\u017ee. Chronick\u00e9 vdechov\u00e1n\u00ed kovov\u00e9ho niklu a ve vod\u011b nerozpustn\u00fdch Slou\u010denin niklu m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k respira\u010dn\u00edm \u00fa\u010dink\u016fm, v\u010detn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 funkce plic a bronchitidy. Chronick\u00e1 inhalace rozpustn\u00fdch slou\u010denin niklu m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt za n\u00e1sledek astma.     <\/p>\n<p><strong>Doba mezi expozic\u00ed niklu a p\u0159\u00edznaky rakoviny se pohybuje od 13 do 24 let.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>Co m\u016f\u017eete ud\u011blat<\/h2>\n<p>Nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, jak zabr\u00e1nit expozici, je nahradit je v\u00fdrobky bez niklu nebo s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm obsahem niklu. Pokud nelze v\u00fdrobky obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed nikl nahradit, je t\u0159eba expozici niklu sn\u00ed\u017eit pomoc\u00ed technick\u00fdch kontrol.  Pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b prov\u00e1d\u011bjte spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed expozice, aby bylo zn\u00e1mo, kdy je t\u0159eba p\u0159ijmout opat\u0159en\u00ed. Zji\u0161\u0165ujte, zda pracovn\u00edci hl\u00e1s\u00ed v\u010dasn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky. Pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b informujte pracovn\u00edky o \u00fa\u010dinc\u00edch expozice. Krom\u011b toho pro\u0161kolte pracovn\u00edky o rizic\u00edch, bezpe\u010dn\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch postupech a o \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch hygienick\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00edch.    Pokud provediteln\u00e1 kontrola nesta\u010d\u00ed ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed expozice pod expozi\u010dn\u00ed limity, dopl\u0148te ji osobn\u00ed ochranou.<\/p>\n<p>Osobn\u00ed ochrana by m\u011bla b\u00fdt pou\u017eita a\u017e jako posledn\u00ed mo\u017enost po p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fdch technick\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee kovov\u00fd nikl a n\u011bkter\u00e9 Slou\u010deniny niklu mohou zp\u016fsobit senzibilizaci k\u016f\u017ee, m\u011blo by se co nejv\u00edce zabr\u00e1nit kontaktu s k\u016f\u017e\u00ed. Nen\u00ed-li vylou\u010den\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9, m\u011bla by b\u00fdt p\u0159ijata kontroln\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed k minimalizaci kontaktu s k\u016f\u017e\u00ed.  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[8113],"class_list":["post-98039","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-slouceniny-niklu"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.0 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Slou\u010deniny niklu - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Podle nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch odhad\u016f z roku 2019 je niklu a jeho slou\u010denin\u00e1m v EU vystaveno p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 80 000 pracovn\u00edk\u016f.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/cs\/fact\/slouceniny-niklu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Slou\u010deniny niklu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Podle nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch odhad\u016f z roku 2019 je niklu a jeho slou\u010denin\u00e1m v EU vystaveno p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 80 000 pracovn\u00edk\u016f.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/cs\/fact\/slouceniny-niklu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"STOP carcinogens at work\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-07-22T14:14:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Odhadovan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed \" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minuta\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/cs\\\/fact\\\/slouceniny-niklu\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/cs\\\/fact\\\/slouceniny-niklu\\\/\",\"name\":\"Slou\u010deniny niklu - 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