{"id":98078,"date":"2024-01-04T09:28:32","date_gmt":"2024-01-04T09:28:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/zaruvzdorna-keramicka-vlakna\/"},"modified":"2026-07-22T14:14:49","modified_gmt":"2026-07-22T14:14:49","slug":"zaruvzdorna-keramicka-vlakna","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/cs\/fact\/zaruvzdorna-keramicka-vlakna\/","title":{"rendered":"\u017d\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00e1 keramick\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Podle nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch odhad\u016f je v EU p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 25 000 zam\u011bstnanc\u016f potenci\u00e1ln\u011b vystaveno \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00fdm keramick\u00fdm vl\u00e1kn\u016fm (RCF). Hlavn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem expozice p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci je vdechov\u00e1n\u00ed vl\u00e1ken rozpt\u00fdlen\u00fdch ve vzduchu. RCF jsou podle evropsk\u00e9ho CLP na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o klasifikaci ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed a balen\u00ed l\u00e1tek a sm\u011bs\u00ed (ES 1272\/2008) klasifikov\u00e1na jako karcinogeny kategorie 1B, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se na z\u00e1klad\u011b d\u016fkaz\u016f z\u00edskan\u00fdch na zv\u00ed\u0159atech p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee tyto l\u00e1tky maj\u00ed karcinogenn\u00ed potenci\u00e1l pro \u010dlov\u011bka. Opakovan\u00e1 nebo dlouhodob\u00e1 inhala\u010dn\u00ed expozice RCFs m\u016f\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161it riziko rakoviny plic a dal\u0161\u00edch chronick\u00fdch plicn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Kde se vyskytuj\u00ed rizika<\/h2>\n

RCF jsou pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jako izola\u010dn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly pro vysokoteplotn\u00ed aplikace v n\u011bkolika pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch. Jejich hlavn\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed je jako vyzd\u00edvka pec\u00ed a pec\u00ed. Mezi hlavn\u00ed spot\u0159ebitele RCF pat\u0159\u00ed chemick\u00fd pr\u016fmysl, pr\u016fmysl hnojiv, petrochemick\u00fd pr\u016fmysl, ocel\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, skl\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, keramick\u00fd pr\u016fmysl, cement\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, sl\u00e9v\u00e1renstv\u00ed a kov\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem expozice RCF b\u011bhem v\u00fdroby a proces\u016f u kone\u010dn\u00e9ho u\u017eivatele je vdechov\u00e1n\u00ed. Ve v\u00fdrobn\u00edm pr\u016fmyslu RCF m\u016f\u017ee k expozici RCF doch\u00e1zet b\u011bhem proces\u016f m\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed a tvarov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed nebo obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed materi\u00e1lu a b\u011bhem proces\u016f, kdy jsou RCF kombinov\u00e1ny nebo sestavov\u00e1ny s jin\u00fdmi materi\u00e1ly. <\/p>\n

U koncov\u00fdch u\u017eivatel\u016f m\u016f\u017ee k expozici RCF doch\u00e1zet p\u0159i instalaci vysokoteplotn\u00edch izola\u010dn\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f, p\u0159i obsluze stroj\u016f a pec\u00ed, p\u0159i kontrole a \u00fadr\u017eb\u011b pec\u00ed a p\u0159i odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch RCF. Odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed izola\u010dn\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f RCF z pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch pec\u00ed a st\u011bn vedlo k jedn\u011bm z nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch koncentrac\u00ed v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed nam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch v pracovn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed. <\/p>\n

V\u00edce o l\u00e1tce<\/h2>\n

RCF jsou obvykle b\u00edl\u00e9 nebo \u0161ed\u00e9 vl\u00e1knit\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 se dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed ve form\u011b voln\u011b lo\u017een\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken, blanket\u016f nebo jsou obsa\u017eeny v pevn\u00e9m v\u00fdrobku. Jednotliv\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna RCF nejsou viditeln\u00e1 pouh\u00fdm okem, proto\u017ee jejich pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 pr\u016fm\u011bry se pohybuj\u00ed v rozmez\u00ed n\u00edzk\u00fdch mikrometr\u016f. RCF pat\u0159\u00ed do skupiny materi\u00e1l\u016f naz\u00fdvan\u00fdch syntetick\u00e1 skeln\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna (SVF). Chemicky se SVF skl\u00e1daj\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z k\u0159emi\u010ditanov\u00fdch miner\u00e1l\u016f. SVF se od p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch miner\u00e1ln\u00edch vl\u00e1ken, jako je azbest, li\u0161\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee maj\u00ed amorfn\u00ed (nekrystalickou) strukturu a b\u00fdvaj\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b odoln\u00e1. <\/p>\n

V z\u00e1vislosti na surovin\u011b a zam\u00fd\u0161len\u00e9m pou\u017eit\u00ed obsahuj\u00ed SVF r\u016fzn\u00e1 mno\u017estv\u00ed oxid\u016f kov\u016f. RCF maj\u00ed vysok\u00fd obsah oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd jim umo\u017e\u0148uje odol\u00e1vat extr\u00e9mn\u011b vysok\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m. RCF jsou v biologick\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed, jako jsou pl\u00edce, obecn\u011b perzistentn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jin\u00e9 SVF. Struktura RCFs se m\u016f\u017ee po dlouhodob\u00e9m vystaven\u00ed vysok\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m (v\u00edce ne\u017e 1000 \u00b0C) \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b zm\u011bnit z amorfn\u00ed na krystalickou formu. P\u0159i \u00fadr\u017eb\u011b a demolic\u00edch, kdy je naru\u0161ena v\u00fdstelka RCF, by proto pracovn\u00edci mohli b\u00fdt vystaveni jak RCF, tak krystalick\u00e9mu oxidu k\u0159emi\u010dit\u00e9mu. <\/p>\n

V platnosti je z\u00e1vazn\u00e1 mezn\u00ed hodnota expozice na pracovi\u0161ti stanoven\u00e1 EU ve v\u00fd\u0161i 0,3 vl\u00e1kna\/ml.<\/p>\n

Nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, kter\u00e1 mohou nastat<\/h2>\n

Podle evropsk\u00e9ho CLP na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o klasifikaci ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed a balen\u00ed l\u00e1tek a sm\u011bs\u00ed jsou RCF klasifikov\u00e1ny jako karcinogeny kategorie 1B. To vych\u00e1z\u00ed z d\u016fkaz\u016f z\u00edskan\u00fdch p\u0159i pokusech na zv\u00ed\u0159atech, kter\u00e9 nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee opakovan\u00e1 nebo dlouhodob\u00e1 inhala\u010dn\u00ed expozice RCF m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 riziko rakoviny plic, mezoteliomu pohrudnice a dal\u0161\u00edch chronick\u00fdch plicn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky vdechov\u00e1n\u00ed RCF mohou zahrnovat podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest, jako je bolest v krku, ucpan\u00fd nos a ka\u0161el. Ko\u017en\u00ed expozice RCFs m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt za n\u00e1sledek kontaktn\u00ed dermatitidu a sv\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed. Vl\u00e1kna se mohou p\u0159en\u00e9st tak\u00e9 do o\u010d\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm rukou, a zp\u016fsobit podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Potenci\u00e1l RCF zp\u016fsobovat \u00fa\u010dinky na pl\u00edce je ovlivn\u011bn jejich fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edmi a chemick\u00fdmi vlastnostmi, z nich\u017e nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou pr\u016fm\u011br a d\u00e9lka vl\u00e1ken a jejich rozpustnost v biologick\u00fdch tekutin\u00e1ch. To jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 vlastnosti, kter\u00e9 ur\u010duj\u00ed transport a perzistenci (dobu setrv\u00e1n\u00ed) vl\u00e1ken v plic\u00edch, a tedy jejich toxicitu. O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee doba latence mezi expozic\u00ed RCF a souvisej\u00edc\u00edmi rakovinami bude dlouh\u00e1, a\u017e 20-30 let. <\/p>\n

Co m\u016f\u017eete ud\u011blat<\/h2>\n

Prim\u00e1rn\u00edm hlediskem mus\u00ed b\u00fdt, zda je n\u00e1hrada RCF ve v\u00fdrobc\u00edch technicky mo\u017en\u00e1. P\u0159\u00edklady n\u00e1hrad jsou k\u0159emi\u010ditanov\u00e9 vlny alkalick\u00fdch zemin (AES) s ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed biologickou odolnost\u00ed nebo lehk\u00e9 nevl\u00e1knit\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky. Technick\u00e1 vhodnost n\u00e1hrad je do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na po\u017eadovan\u00fdch tepeln\u00fdch a mechanick\u00fdch vlastnostech nebo chemick\u00e9 a mechanick\u00e9 odolnosti. Pokud n\u00e1hrada nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e1, doporu\u010duje se pou\u017e\u00edt vhodn\u00e9 formy v\u00fdrobk\u016f, jako jsou p\u0159edmontovan\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky, vrstven\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky, tvarov\u00e9 d\u00edly nebo pracovn\u00ed postupy, kter\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed minimalizovat tvorbu prachu. <\/p>\n

\u0160\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed vl\u00e1ken RCF lze minimalizovat uzav\u0159en\u00edm pra\u0161n\u00fdch proces\u016f a pou\u017eit\u00edm \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9ho ods\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Vl\u00e1knit\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly by m\u011bly b\u00fdt uchov\u00e1v\u00e1ny zabalen\u00e9, pokud se nepou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, a m\u011blo by se s nimi manipulovat co nejm\u00e9n\u011b. P\u0159ed odstran\u011bn\u00edm se doporu\u010duje materi\u00e1ly d\u016fkladn\u011b navlh\u010dit, aby se sn\u00ed\u017eilo mno\u017estv\u00ed vl\u00e1ken rozn\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch vzduchem. Prostory, kde m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k expozici, by m\u011bly b\u00fdt vymezeny a odd\u011bleny od ostatn\u00edch pracovn\u00edch prostor. <\/p>\n

Zam\u011bstnavatel\u00e9 by m\u011bli prov\u00e1d\u011bt pravideln\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed expozice pomoc\u00ed osobn\u00edho odb\u011bru vzork\u016f a\/nebo stacion\u00e1rn\u00edch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, aby zkontrolovali, zda jsou ochrann\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 nebo zda je t\u0159eba p\u0159ijmout dal\u0161\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed. Pracovn\u00edci by m\u011bli b\u00fdt pravideln\u011b \u0161koleni o kontroln\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00edch nezbytn\u00fdch pro bezpe\u010dnou pr\u00e1ci s RCF, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo expozici. <\/p>\n

M\u011blo by b\u00fdt zak\u00e1z\u00e1no j\u00edst, kou\u0159it a p\u00edt v m\u00edstech, kde hroz\u00ed riziko kontaminace RCF. P\u0159est\u00e1vky by m\u011bly b\u00fdt prov\u00e1d\u011bny v odd\u011blen\u00e9m, k tomu ur\u010den\u00e9m \u010dist\u00e9m prostoru a p\u0159ed j\u00eddlem by m\u011bly b\u00fdt odstran\u011bny prost\u0159edky osobn\u00ed ochrany a umyty ruce. M\u011bly by b\u00fdt k dispozici um\u00fdv\u00e1rny umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed pracovn\u00edk\u016fm udr\u017eovat odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 osobn\u00ed hygieny. <\/p>\n

Aby se zabr\u00e1nilo sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed expozici usazen\u00fdmi vl\u00e1kny, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 udr\u017eovat pracovi\u0161t\u011b v \u010distot\u011b. \u00daklid by m\u011bl b\u00fdt prov\u00e1d\u011bn metodou, kter\u00e1 zabra\u0148uje \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed vl\u00e1ken. Vysava\u010de by m\u011bly b\u00fdt vybaveny vysoce \u00fa\u010dinnou filtrac\u00ed HEPA. <\/p>\n

Pracovn\u00edci by m\u011bli m\u00edt p\u0159i manipulaci s materi\u00e1ly RCF odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed prost\u0159edky osobn\u00ed ochrany, v\u010detn\u011b prost\u0159edk\u016f d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest, ochrann\u00e9ho od\u011bvu, rukavic a ochrann\u00fdch br\u00fdl\u00ed. Ochrann\u00e9 prost\u0159edky by m\u011bly b\u00fdt svl\u00e9k\u00e1ny p\u0159edem stanoven\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem (p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e d\u00fdchac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje by m\u011bly b\u00fdt posledn\u00ed), pravideln\u011b \u010di\u0161t\u011bny a skladov\u00e1ny zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd zabr\u00e1n\u00ed kontaminaci vl\u00e1kny. <\/p>\n

Zdroje: ECHA, ILO, NIOSH, BAuA<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[8121],"class_list":["post-98078","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-zaruvzdorna-keramicka-vlakna"],"yoast_head":"\n\u017d\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00e1 keramick\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! 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