{"id":98121,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:22","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/spalovani-proces\/"},"modified":"2023-08-29T10:09:22","modified_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:22","slug":"spalovani-proces","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/cs\/fact\/spalovani-proces\/","title":{"rendered":"Spalov\u00e1n\u00ed (proces)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Emise karcinogenn\u00edch l\u00e1tek vznikaj\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159i spalov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek je ozna\u010dena a identifikov\u00e1na, ale existuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 karcinogeny, kter\u00e9 vznikaj\u00ed jako vedlej\u0161\u00ed produkt p\u0159i pracovn\u00edm procesu, tzv. karcinogeny vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159i procesu (PGC). Proto\u017ee PGC obvykle nejsou ozna\u010deny a nejsou uvedeny v bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch listech, je t\u0159eba t\u011bmto PGC v\u011bnovat v praxi BOZP zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost, proto\u017ee miliony pracovn\u00edk\u016f v Evrop\u011b jsou PGC denn\u011b vystaveny. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Jedn\u00edm z proces\u016f, p\u0159i nich\u017e vznikaj\u00ed PGC, je spalov\u00e1n\u00ed. Spalov\u00e1n\u00ed je reakce mezi palivem a okysli\u010dovadlem doprov\u00e1zen\u00e1 uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm tepla. P\u0159i spalov\u00e1n\u00ed vznikaj\u00ed z paliva a okysli\u010dovadla nov\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed v\u00fdfukov\u00e9 plyny. V pracovn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed se p\u0159i ho\u0159en\u00ed uvol\u0148uj\u00ed karcinogenn\u00ed (a jin\u00e9 nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9) l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed pro pracovn\u00edky nebezpe\u010d\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edkladem pracovn\u00edch situac\u00ed, p\u0159i nich\u017e doch\u00e1z\u00ed k expozici karcinogenn\u00edm l\u00e1tk\u00e1m vznikaj\u00edc\u00edm p\u0159i spalov\u00e1n\u00ed, je sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed (sv\u00e1\u0159ec\u00ed d\u00fdmy) nebo vdechov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a> v\u00fdfukov\u00fdch plyn\u016f z dieselov\u00fdch motor\u016f .<\/a> <\/p>\n

Kter\u00e9 \u010dinnosti vedou k emis\u00edm?<\/h2>\n

V\u00fdpary vznikaj\u00ed p\u0159i zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed kovu nebo jin\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, kdy jeho p\u00e1ry kondenzuj\u00ed do vzduchu na velmi jemn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice. Tyto v\u00fdpary se mohou uvol\u0148ovat p\u0159i sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, taven\u00ed, zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u00e1len\u00ed, p\u00e1jen\u00ed a vytvrzov\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1lu. Provozovan\u00fd motor uvol\u0148uje slou\u010deniny uhl\u00edku a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch chemick\u00fdch slou\u010denin, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed karcinogenn\u00ed l\u00e1tky, p\u0159esto m\u016f\u017ee k expozici doch\u00e1zet i p\u0159i vypnut\u00e9m motoru v prostor\u00e1ch bez v\u011btr\u00e1n\u00ed nebo s nedostate\u010dn\u00fdm v\u011btr\u00e1n\u00edm. <\/p>\n

Kde se vyskytuj\u00ed rizika<\/h2>\n

Spalov\u00e1n\u00ed (proces) prob\u00edh\u00e1 v cel\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed kov\u016f, ve Stavebnictv\u00ed, v lod\u011bnic\u00edch a v doprav\u011b. V\u00fdfukov\u00fdm plyn\u016fm z motor\u016f jsou vystaveni nap\u0159\u00edklad mechanici v autobusov\u00fdch gar\u00e1\u017e\u00edch a na termin\u00e1lech n\u00e1kladn\u00edch automobil\u016f, \u0159idi\u010di n\u00e1kladn\u00edch automobil\u016f, hasi\u010di, Stavebn\u00ed d\u011bln\u00edci, obsluha vysokozdvi\u017en\u00fdch voz\u00edk\u016f, lid\u00e9 pracuj\u00edc\u00ed se stacion\u00e1rn\u00edmi zdroji energie, jako jsou kompresory, gener\u00e1tory, pracovn\u00edci nakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed a vykl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed lod\u011b nebo letadla, pracovn\u00edci v ropn\u00e9m a plyn\u00e1rensk\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu a pracovn\u00edci v m\u00fdtn\u00fdch br\u00e1n\u00e1ch. <\/p>\n

Kolik pracovn\u00edk\u016f je vystaveno riziku?<\/h2>\n

Odhaduje se, \u017ee v Evrop\u011b je v\u00fdfukov\u00fdm plyn\u016fm z dieselov\u00fdch motor\u016f vystaveno 3,6 milionu pracovn\u00edk\u016f. Krom\u011b toho jsou miliony pracovn\u00edk\u016f v EU vystaveny v\u00fdpar\u016fm, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed karcinogenn\u00ed kovy, jako je olovo, berylium<\/a> , kadmium<\/a> a nikl.<\/a> K expozici \u0161estimocn\u00e9mu chromu doch\u00e1z\u00ed<\/a> p\u0159i sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed nerezov\u00e9 oceli, slitin ne\u017eelezn\u00fdch kov\u016f, chrom\u00e1tov\u00fdch povlak\u016f a n\u011bkter\u00fdch sva\u0159ovac\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f. Po\u010det expozic chromu VI se v EU odhaduje na 900 000 pracovn\u00edk\u016f. Sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed (kovov\u00fdch) povlak\u016f a zbytk\u016f, jako jsou kadmiov\u00e9 povlaky a plastov\u00e9 povlaky, m\u016f\u017ee rovn\u011b\u017e v\u00e9st k uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed toxick\u00fdch v\u00fdpar\u016f. <\/p>\n

Faktory ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed expozici<\/h2>\n

Faktory, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed expozici pracovn\u00edk\u016f zplodin\u00e1m ho\u0159en\u00ed, jsou typ procesu, slo\u017een\u00ed spalovan\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, prost\u0159ed\u00ed pracovi\u0161t\u011b (otev\u0159en\u00fd prostor nebo uzav\u0159en\u00fd prostor), typ \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ventilace (mechanick\u00e9 nebo m\u00edstn\u00ed) a pracovn\u00ed postupy.<\/p>\n

\u00da\u010dinky na zdrav\u00ed<\/h2>\n

Zdroj spalovan\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu ur\u010duje typ kou\u0159e, a t\u00edm i jeho zdravotn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky. L\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 zvy\u0161uj\u00ed riziko rakoviny, jsou chrom (pl\u00edce); vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed riziko rakoviny se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 u niklu (pl\u00edce, nos), kadmia (pl\u00edce, ledviny, prostata), olova (pl\u00edce, \u017ealudek a mo\u010dov\u00fd m\u011bch\u00fd\u0159), berylia (pl\u00edce). Podrobn\u00e9 informace o zdravotn\u00edch \u00fa\u010dinc\u00edch konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch karcinogenn\u00edch kov\u016f a materi\u00e1l\u016f naleznete v informa\u010dn\u00edch listech k jednotliv\u00fdm l\u00e1tk\u00e1m na webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch: Emise z dieselov\u00fdch motor\u016f a<\/a> Sv\u00e1\u0159ec\u00ed d\u00fdmy.<\/a> <\/p>\n

Co d\u011blat?<\/h2>\n