{"id":106504,"date":"2026-06-29T10:13:55","date_gmt":"2026-06-29T10:13:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/diklormetan-2\/"},"modified":"2026-06-29T10:13:55","modified_gmt":"2026-06-29T10:13:55","slug":"diklormetan-2","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/da\/fact\/diklormetan-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Diklormetan"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c6ldre data (CAREX) fra 1990 viser, at ca. 250 000 arbejdere i EU (15 medlemsstater) var udsat for Diklormetan (ogs\u00e5 kendt som methylenchlorid eller kloroform) i forbindelse med deres arbejde. Anvendelsen af Diklormetan er imidlertid siden blevet betydeligt begr\u00e6nset (REACH-forordningen, drikkevandsdirektivet). <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Der foreligger ikke aktuelle sk\u00f8n over erhvervsm\u00e6ssig eksponering for Diklormetan i EU. De vigtigste eksponeringsveje p\u00e5 arbejdspladsen er luftvejene og huden. Diklormetan er i henhold til CLP-forordningen harmoniseret klassificeret som carcinogen i kategori 2. IARC klassificerer stoffet som et carcinogen i gruppe 2A (sandsynligvis carcinogen for mennesker). Diklormetan mist\u00e6nkes for at for\u00e5rsage kr\u00e6ft i bugspytkirtlen, lungerne og leveren. <\/p>\n

Hvor risici opst\u00e5r<\/h2>\n

Diklormetan anvendes prim\u00e6rt som malingfjerner, affedtningsmiddel, drivmiddel, k\u00f8lemiddel og ekstraktionsmiddel. Det er meget flygtigt, opl\u00f8ser mange organiske stoffer og anvendes derfor ogs\u00e5 som opl\u00f8sningsmiddel til harpikser, fedtstoffer, plast og bitumen. Det fungerer desuden som kl\u00e6bemiddel til specielle anvendelser (akrylglas, polystyren). <\/p>\n

Diklormetan er meget flygtigt, hvilket betyder, at der hurtigt kan opst\u00e5 h\u00f8je koncentrationer i luften, som kan ind\u00e5ndes, n\u00e5r stoffet anvendes over et stort omr\u00e5de. Ved s\u00e5danne anvendelser i stor skala, s\u00e5som affedtning eller limning af (plast)overflader, kan der stadig forekomme h\u00f8je koncentrationer af diklormetan i den luft, der ind\u00e5ndes. Der kan forekomme eksponeringer med h\u00f8j intensitet for arbejdere, der anvender malingfjernere (bygge- og anl\u00e6gsvirksomhed, renovering), samt under opgaver som tankrensning, affedtning og vedligeholdelse i lukkede rum. Eksponeringer af middel intensitet er typiske inden for kemisk fremstilling, farmaceutisk produktion og formulering af opl\u00f8sningsmidler, mens eksponeringer af lav intensitet kan forventes i analyse-, forsknings- og sundhedslaboratorier, for laboratoriepersonale og i den farmaceutiske industri (ekstraktionsmidler) samt ved udf\u00f8relse af overfladebehandlinger af plast med affedtningsmidler og kl\u00e6bemidler. <\/p>\n

Mere om stoffet<\/h2>\n

Diklormetan er et alifatisk, m\u00e6ttet halogeneret kulbrinte, der i sin rene form er en farvel\u00f8s v\u00e6ske med en kloroformlignende lugt. Det har et lavt kogepunkt p\u00e5 40 \u00b0C og et damptryk p\u00e5 470 hPa (ved 20 \u00b0C) og er meget flygtigt. N\u00e5r der anvendes produkter, der indeholder Diklormetan, frigives ca. 85 % af stoffet til milj\u00f8et. Under normale anvendelsesbetingelser er Diklormetan ikke brandfarligt; der kan dog v\u00e6re eksplosionsfare i lukkede beholdere. <\/p>\n

P\u00e5 grund af anvendelsesbegr\u00e6nsningerne i REACH-forordningen m\u00e5 malingfjernere, der indeholder mere end 0,1 v\u00e6gtprocent Diklormetan, kun anvendes erhvervsm\u00e6ssigt af s\u00e6rligt uddannet personale. Ved forbr\u00e6nding af Diklormetan kan der dannes gasformigt, st\u00e6rkt giftigt fosgen. <\/p>\n

Farer, der kan opst\u00e5<\/h2>\n

Hvis stoffet optages i flydende form, f.eks. gennem huden, p\u00e5virker det prim\u00e6rt centralnervesystemet og for\u00e5rsager symptomer som hovedpine, svimmelhed, kvalme, f\u00f8lelsesl\u00f8shed og koncentrationsbesv\u00e6r. I kroppen omdannes Diklormetan til kulilte, hvilket for\u00e5rsager kulilteforgiftning. Der kan ogs\u00e5 forekomme irritation af luftvejene og \u00f8jnene, appetitl\u00f8shed, koncentrationsbesv\u00e6r og tr\u00e6thed. <\/p>\n

Langvarig hudkontakt medf\u00f8rer nedbrydning af fedtv\u00e6v, hvilket for\u00e5rsager udsl\u00e6t og kl\u00f8e i huden. Diklormetan-dampe er tungere end luft og ophober sig derfor t\u00e6t ved jordoverfladen. Ind\u00e5nding af dampe kan for\u00e5rsage skader p\u00e5 synsnerven og leveren (hepatitis). <\/p>\n

Den mest relevante virkning af langvarig eksponering er carcinogene egenskaber. Diklormetan mist\u00e6nkes for at for\u00e5rsage kr\u00e6ft i bugspytkirtlen, lungerne og leveren. <\/p>\n

Latensperioden for udvikling af kr\u00e6ft efter eksponering for Diklormetan kan variere fra 20 til 30 \u00e5r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hvad du kan g\u00f8re<\/h2>\n

F\u00f8rst og fremmest b\u00f8r man unders\u00f8ge, om produkter, der indeholder Diklormetan, kan erstattes af mindre farlige eller ufarlige alternativer. Der findes et bredt udvalg af alternative produkter, is\u00e6r til brug som drivmiddel. Hvis der ikke findes et alternativ, skal der iv\u00e6rks\u00e6ttes passende sundheds- og sikkerhedsforanstaltninger, is\u00e6r ved anvendelse i stor skala, for at beskytte de udsatte arbejder. Dampe skal opsamles og udsuges ved kilden eller t\u00e6t ved jordoverfladen ved hj\u00e6lp af udsugningssystemer. Antallet af udsatte personer og eksponeringens varighed skal holdes p\u00e5 et minimum. Udsatte arbejdstagere skal regelm\u00e6ssigt og p\u00e5 en forst\u00e5elig m\u00e5de instrueres i risiciene ved Diklormetan og gennemf\u00f8relsen af beskyttelsesforanstaltninger. N\u00e5r alle de n\u00e6vnte foranstaltninger er udt\u00f8mt, kan optagelsen af Diklormetan i kroppen reduceres yderligere ved brug af egnet personlig beskyttelse (PPE) og arbejdst\u00f8j. PPE og arbejdst\u00f8j skal kunne reng\u00f8res og opbevares p\u00e5 en hygiejnisk m\u00e5de. Ved brug af \u00e5ndedr\u00e6tsv\u00e6rn og handsker skal producentens anvisninger vedr\u00f8rende egnethed, h\u00e5ndtering, vedligeholdelse, reng\u00f8ring og gennembrydningstid f\u00f8lges. <\/p>\n

Kilder: OECD, ECHA; EU-OSHA, Gestis, Europa-Kommissionen, UBA.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[4085],"class_list":["post-106504","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-diklormetan"],"yoast_head":"\nDiklormetan - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! We collected all the important information these causing substances in easy-to-understand factsheets.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/da\/fact\/diklormetan-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"da_DK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Diklormetan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! 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