{"id":106513,"date":"2026-06-29T10:40:14","date_gmt":"2026-06-29T10:40:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/flygtige-organiske-forbindelser-voc\/"},"modified":"2026-06-29T10:40:14","modified_gmt":"2026-06-29T10:40:14","slug":"flygtige-organiske-forbindelser-voc","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/da\/fact\/flygtige-organiske-forbindelser-voc\/","title":{"rendered":"Flygtige organiske forbindelser (VOC)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Man kan antage, at flere millioner arbejdere i EU i forbindelse med deres arbejde uds\u00e6ttes for den gruppe af kemikalier, der ofte forekommer i opl\u00f8sningsmidler, og som kaldes flygtige organiske forbindelser (VOC\u2019er). Denne heterogene gruppe omfatter stoffer som Benzen og Formaldehyd, som er blandt de mest almindelige arbejdsrelaterede carcinogene eksponeringer i EU. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Eksponering sker typisk ved ind\u00e5nding eller, n\u00e5r der er tale om stoffer, der optages gennem huden, via huden.<\/p>\n

Nogle VOC\u2019er er klassificeret som klart carcinogen (f.eks. Benzen \u2013 Karc. Kat. 1A eller Formaldehyd \u2013 Karc. Kat. 1B) eller som reproduktionstoksiske (f.eks. Toluen \u2013 Repr. Kat. 2). Da VOC’er udg\u00f8r en heterogen gruppe af stoffer, er der mulighed for multiple eksponeringer i form af en blanding af stoffer. Eksponering for en s\u00e5dan blanding af skadelige stoffer kan \u00f8ge den dermed forbundne kr\u00e6ftrisiko betydeligt. <\/p>\n

Hvor risici opst\u00e5r<\/h2>\n

VOC\u2019er omfatter en bred vifte af almindeligt anvendte stoffer, s\u00e5som dem, der findes i opl\u00f8sningsmidler, (fossile) br\u00e6ndstoffer, reng\u00f8ringsmidler, maling og lak, Pesticider eller kl\u00e6bemidler.<\/p>\n

P\u00e5 arbejdspladsen forekommer de prim\u00e6rt overalt, hvor der anvendes, forarbejdes eller frigives organiske opl\u00f8sningsmidler som biprodukter. Der forekommer h\u00f8j eller spidsbelastning ved spr\u00f8jtemaling, reng\u00f8ring eller affedtning med opl\u00f8sningsmidler, tankrensning i lukkede rum samt ved vedligeholdelse eller renovering af bygninger i bygge- og anl\u00e6gsvirksomheden. Derudover forekommer der eksponering af middel intensitet inden for fremstilling af kemikalier og kemiske produkter, ved fremstilling af kl\u00e6bemidler, overfladebehandlingsmidler og trykfarver samt under forarbejdning af gummi og plast. <\/p>\n

Anden eksponering forekommer typisk i forbindelse med maling og overfladebehandling, ved reparation og vedligeholdelse af k\u00f8ret\u00f8jer, i trykkeri- og forlagsbranchen samt inden for reng\u00f8rings- og sundhedssektoren.<\/p>\n

Mere om stoffet<\/h2>\n

Generelt set er VOC\u2019er \u2013 afh\u00e6ngigt af definitionen \u2013 organiske forbindelser, der har et damptryk p\u00e5 0,01 kPa eller derover ved 293,15 K, eller organiske forbindelser med et kogepunkt p\u00e5 op til 250 \u00b0C ved et standardtryk p\u00e5 101,3 kPa. Derfor overg\u00e5r betydelige m\u00e6ngder af disse stoffer til gasfasen selv ved stuetemperatur, hvilket udg\u00f8r en risiko for eksponering prim\u00e6rt gennem ind\u00e5nding. Samtidig er mange af disse stoffer lipofile og kan derfor potentielt optages gennem huden, s\u00e5som de organiske opl\u00f8sningsmidler Benzen, Toluen og Xylen. <\/p>\n

Der findes ingen EU-d\u00e6kkende bindende gr\u00e6nsev\u00e6rdi for erhvervsm\u00e6ssig eksponering, men der findes bindende gr\u00e6nsev\u00e6rdier for Benzen (0,66 mg\/m\u00b3), Formaldehyd (0,37 mg\/m\u00b3) og Vinylklorid (2,6 mg\/m\u00b3).<\/p>\n

Farer, der kan opst\u00e5<\/h2>\n

Afh\u00e6ngigt af sammens\u00e6tningen kan akut eksponering for VOC\u2019er for\u00e5rsage forskellige symptomer, s\u00e5som svimmelhed, hovedpine eller irritation af \u00f8jne, n\u00e6se og luftvejene.<\/p>\n

P\u00e5 lang sigt kan uds\u00e6ttelse f\u00f8re til kr\u00e6ftformer som leuk\u00e6mi (Benzen), kr\u00e6ft i n\u00e6sesv\u00e6lget (Formaldehyd) eller leverkr\u00e6ft (Vinylklorid).<\/p>\n

Nogle VOC\u2019er er ogs\u00e5 klassificeret som reproduktionstoksiske (f.eks. Toluen \u2013 kategori 2).<\/p>\n

Hvad du kan g\u00f8re<\/h2>\n

I idealet b\u00f8r eksponeringsrisici fra VOC\u2019er begr\u00e6nses gennem substitution eller eliminering. Valg af stoffer med lavere damptryk bidrager til at reducere udledningen af stoffet til den omgivende luft. Unders\u00f8g, om der kan anvendes vandbaserede systemer for at mindske brugen af opl\u00f8sningsmidler. Erstat desinfektionsmidler med s\u00e5danne, der er fri for aldehyder. <\/p>\n

Stofferne skal anvendes i lukkede systemer for at forhindre eksponering, og emissioner skal opfanges ved kilden ved hj\u00e6lp af lokal udsugning. Der skal foretages eksponeringsm\u00e5linger p\u00e5 arbejdspladsen, herunder for at vurdere eksponeringen for blandinger af stoffer, og man skal v\u00e6re opm\u00e6rksom p\u00e5 den \u00f8gede risiko ved samtidig eksponering for flere stoffer. Eksponeringstiden skal minimeres, og hudkontakt skal undg\u00e5s. Arbejdst\u00f8j skal skiftes regelm\u00e6ssigt for at mindske risikoen for forurening. <\/p>\n

Endelig kan personlig beskyttelse ogs\u00e5 anvendes, n\u00e5r alle andre forebyggende foranstaltninger er udt\u00f8mt, for yderligere at minimere eventuel resterende eksponering: for eksempel ved brug af egnede beskyttelseshandsker, sikkerhedsbriller og \u00e5ndedr\u00e6tsmasker. I denne sammenh\u00e6ng skal beskyttelsesudstyrets st\u00f8rrelse, art og effektivitet tilpasses farerne p\u00e5 arbejdspladsen og de individuelle omst\u00e6ndigheder. <\/p>\n

Kilder: Det tyske milj\u00f8agentur, Det Europ\u00e6iske Milj\u00f8agentur, Europa-Kommissionen, EUR-Lex, EU-OSHA (WES), Det Tyske Selskab for Toksikologi, GESTIS, WHO<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[8630],"class_list":["post-106513","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-flygtige-organiske-forbindelser-voc"],"yoast_head":"\nFlygtige organiske forbindelser (VOC) - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! 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