{"id":76891,"date":"2024-01-04T09:27:34","date_gmt":"2024-01-04T09:27:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/nitrosaminer\/"},"modified":"2025-09-04T10:10:53","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T10:10:53","slug":"nitrosaminer","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/da\/fact\/nitrosaminer\/","title":{"rendered":"Nitrosaminer"},"content":{"rendered":"

Alene i gummiindustrien er mere end 350.000 arbejdere besk\u00e6ftiget i EU; derudover ansl\u00e5s det, at omkring 260.000 arbejdere er udsat for metalbearbejdningsv\u00e6sker og korrosionsinhibitorer. N-nitrosaminer produceres typisk ikke med vilje, men dannes normalt ud fra sekund\u00e6re aminer og nitroseringsmidler under visse reaktionsbetingelser. Typiske arbejdspladser, hvor N-nitrosaminer kan forekomme, er i gummi-, l\u00e6der-, metalarbejdere og den kemiske industri. Ind\u00e5nding og hudeksponering er de vigtigste eksponeringsveje for nitrosaminer. Mange N-nitrosaminer er klassificeret i henhold til CLP som carcinogen kategori 1A, 1B eller 2. Epidemiologiske data indikerer, at eksponering for nitrosaminer b\u00e5de i arbejdsmilj\u00f8er og i befolkningen generelt kan v\u00e6re forbundet med en kr\u00e6ftrisiko af forskellige typer. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Hvor risici opst\u00e5r<\/h2>\n

Eksponering for N-nitrosaminer kan forekomme i gummiindustrien under opgaver som vejning, blanding, forarbejdning af halvfabrikata, vulkanisering og efterbehandling. Gummiprodukter kan ogs\u00e5 v\u00e6re potentielle kilder til nitrosaminer. Der er rapporteret om eksponering i metalindustrien, hvis metalbearbejdningsv\u00e6sker indeholder h\u00f8je nitrat-\/nitritniveauer. Typiske opgaver er vedligeholdelse og servicering af maskiner, manuel h\u00e5ndtering af v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jsmaskiner med t\u00e6t tilstedev\u00e6relse af en operat\u00f8r og sandsynligheden for spr\u00f8jtning, st\u00e6nk eller fordampning af metalbearbejdningsv\u00e6sker og blandinger under drift. Det vides dog ikke, om disse betingelser l\u00e6ngere g\u00e6lder i Europa. Produktion og brug af aminer i den kemiske industri samt dekanterings- og p\u00e5fyldningsoperationer af aminer og deres brug i yderligere kemiske processer, f.eks. bel\u00e6gninger ved koagulationsprocessen, produktion af polyacrylonitrilfibre, er arbejdspladser, hvor N-nitrosaminer kan forekomme. Tidligere kunne man ogs\u00e5 finde andre ber\u00f8rte arbejdspladser i l\u00e6derindustrien, i elektronikindustrien og i st\u00f8berier. <\/p>\n

Mere om stoffet<\/h2>\n

N-nitrosaminer hverken produceres eller bruges. N-nitrosaminer dannes normalt af sekund\u00e6re aminer i kontakt med andre nitrogenholdige forbindelser og nitroserende stoffer. Nitroserende stoffer er salpetersyre og salte heraf, nitritter, nitrogenoxider fra motorudst\u00f8dning eller organiske nitro- og nitrosoforbindelser. Sekund\u00e6re aminer kan v\u00e6re til stede i kemiske tils\u00e6tningsstoffer eller som ingredienser i brugsklare produkter. Kendte sekund\u00e6re aminer med potentiale til at danne N-nitrosaminer er f.eks. diethylamin, diethanolamin, diethylpropylamin, morpholin og pyrrolidin. Sekund\u00e6re aminer kan ogs\u00e5 dannes fra andre nitrogenholdige forbindelser i relevante m\u00e6ngder, f.eks. ved hydrolyse, termisk eller biogen nedbrydning. Typiske sekund\u00e6re aminer kan ogs\u00e5 findes blandt korrosionsinhibitorer, vulkaniseringsacceleratorer, opl\u00f8sningsmidler og vandblandbare eller vandblandede k\u00f8lesm\u00f8remidler som f.eks. v\u00e6sker til metalbearbejdning. <\/p>\n

Farer, der kan opst\u00e5<\/h2>\n

Eksponering for Nitrosaminer er blevet sat i forbindelse med en lang r\u00e6kke kr\u00e6fttyper, f.eks. udvikling af kr\u00e6ft i bl\u00e6re, mave, spiser\u00f8r, prostata, bugspytkirtel og leverleuk\u00e6mi og myelomatose.<\/p>\n

Latenstiden mellem eksponering og udvikling af kr\u00e6ft er blevet ansl\u00e5et til 15 \u00e5r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hvad du kan g\u00f8re<\/h2>\n

I f\u00f8rste omgang er foranstaltningerne eliminering og forebyggelse af risici. Udskift sekund\u00e6re aminer med egnede erstatninger til din specifikke anvendelse, f.eks. prim\u00e6re eller terti\u00e6re aminer og alkanolaminer. Der kendes nogle f\u00e5 sekund\u00e6re aminer, som ikke danner carcinogene N-nitrosaminer, f.eks. dicyclohexylamin. Der findes forskellige alternative kemiske systemer til anvendelse af sekund\u00e6re aminer, f.eks. i gummiindustrien. For at reducere risikoen for dannelse af N-nitrosaminer skal man holde nitroseringsmidler eller forstadier som nitrit v\u00e6k og koncentrationen af sekund\u00e6re aminer lav. Anvend om n\u00f8dvendigt inhibitorer for N-nitrosamindannelse, s\u00e5som ascorbinsyre, sulfamater, p-aminobenzoesyre, alfa-tocopherol, prim\u00e6re aminer og prim\u00e6re alkanolaminer. Kontroll\u00e9r eller overv\u00e5g den maksimale koncentration af sekund\u00e6re aminer, nitroserende stoffer eller pH-v\u00e6rdien i produkterne. Overhold nationale anvendelsesbegr\u00e6nsninger, hvis de findes. Hvis substitution ikke er mulig, skal du gennemf\u00f8re regelm\u00e6ssige eksponeringsvurderinger for at kontrollere, om dine beskyttelsesforanstaltninger er effektive, eller om der skal tr\u00e6ffes yderligere foranstaltninger. Tekniske beskyttelsesforanstaltninger som lukkede systemer eller udst\u00f8dning af procesrelaterede N-nitrosaminer er alternativet, hvis substitution ikke er mulig. G\u00f8r l\u00f8bende arbejderne opm\u00e6rksomme p\u00e5 virkningerne af eksponering. Uddan desuden arbejderne i farer, sikker arbejdspraksis og effektive hygiejneforanstaltninger. S\u00f8rg for, at arbejderne har tilstr\u00e6kkelig personlig beskyttelse, f.eks. beskyttelsest\u00f8j og handsker, hvis det er n\u00f8dvendigt. Personlig beskyttelse b\u00f8r kun bruges som en sidste udvej, efter at de mulige tekniske l\u00f8sninger er blevet pr\u00e6senteret. <\/p>\n

Referencer: AGS, ECHA, FIOH, DGUV, HSE, BAuA, Statista<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[4092],"class_list":["post-76891","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-nitrosaminer"],"yoast_head":"\nNitrosaminer - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Mist\u00e6nkt for at v\u00e6re carcinogen ved at skade det genetiske materiale, for\u00e5rsage mavekr\u00e6ft eller f\u00f8re til allergisk kontakteksem.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/da\/fact\/nitrosaminer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"da_DK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nitrosaminer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mist\u00e6nkt for at v\u00e6re carcinogen ved at skade det genetiske materiale, for\u00e5rsage mavekr\u00e6ft eller f\u00f8re til allergisk kontakteksem.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/da\/fact\/nitrosaminer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"STOP carcinogens at work\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-09-04T10:10:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Estimeret l\u00e6setid\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minutter\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/da\\\/fact\\\/nitrosaminer\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/da\\\/fact\\\/nitrosaminer\\\/\",\"name\":\"Nitrosaminer - 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