{"id":76895,"date":"2024-01-04T09:21:22","date_gmt":"2024-01-04T09:21:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/44-methylen-bis-2-chloranilin-moca\/"},"modified":"2025-09-04T10:10:44","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T10:10:44","slug":"44-methylen-bis-2-chloranilin-moca","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/da\/fact\/44-methylen-bis-2-chloranilin-moca\/","title":{"rendered":"4,4-Methylen-bis (2-chloranilin) (MOCA)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Estimater fra 2017 antog, at 2.500 arbejdere potentielt var udsat for MOCA (methylen-bis-[2-chloranilin]) i hele EU. Da pligten til at godkende stoffet i henhold til REACH-forordningen er \u00e6ndret, kan det antages, at anvendelserne er faldet yderligere (ans\u00f8gningerne viser < 100 arbejdere). MOCA-eksponering sker hovedsageligt gennem hudabsorption af stoffet. Stoffet har en harmoniseret klassificering som Carc. 1B (stoffer, der formodes at have et carcinogent potentiale for mennesker, hovedsageligt baseret p\u00e5 dokumentation fra dyr) i henhold til CLP-forordningen. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Det sandsynlige m\u00e5l for carcinogenitet hos mennesker er bl\u00e6rens urothelium, der for\u00e5rsager bl\u00e6rekr\u00e6ft.<\/p>\n

Hvor risici opst\u00e5r<\/h2>\n

Den vigtigste sektor, hvor der forekommer eksponering, er i formuleringen og fremstillingen af h\u00f8jtydende polyuretanprodukter, f.eks. varmst\u00f8bte polyuretanprodukter, h\u00f8jtydende polyuretaner specielt til kraftige ruller, sp\u00e6ndeb\u00e5nd og fjederblokke og til specialfremstillede ruller. Opgaver med h\u00f8j risiko for MOCA-eksponering omfatter vejning af MOCA-pellets, smeltning af MOCA, udlevering af smeltet MOCA og blanding af smeltet MOCA med pre-polymer. I Asien og Stillehavsomr\u00e5det bruges det ogs\u00e5 som h\u00e6rdemiddel til tagd\u00e6kning og tr\u00e6forsegling. <\/p>\n

Mere om stoffet<\/h2>\n

Selv om ren MOCA er et farvel\u00f8st krystallinsk fast stof, er de mest anvendte former (industrikvalitet) solbrune pellets eller flager. Det har en svag aminlugt, meget lav opl\u00f8selighed i vand og kan eksplodere ved opvarmning. <\/p>\n

Farer, der kan opst\u00e5<\/h2>\n

P\u00e5 grund af sin h\u00e5ndtering optages MOCA b\u00e5de gennem huden og luftvejene. Hudabsorption er mulig p\u00e5 grund af MOCA’s lipofilicitet, relativt lille molekylest\u00f8rrelse og tilstedev\u00e6relsen af reaktive amingrupper. De h\u00f8jeste koncentrationer m\u00e5les i leveren. Det meste af det absorberede stof udskilles i l\u00f8bet af f\u00e5 dage i urin og aff\u00f8ring. <\/p>\n

Akut h\u00f8j og utilsigtet eksponering kan f\u00f8re til irritation og en br\u00e6ndende fornemmelse i huden og \u00f8jnene, kvalme og gastrointestinale og renale effekter. EU har ogs\u00e5 fastsat en “hudnotation” for MOCA, som indikerer, at dermal eksponering kan bidrage v\u00e6sentligt til den samlede eksponering. <\/p>\n

Kronisk eksponering for MOCA kan for\u00e5rsage bl\u00e6rekr\u00e6ft. Latensperioden mellem eksponeringen og den MOCA-relaterede bl\u00e6rekr\u00e6ftforekomst er i gennemsnit 11,5 \u00e5r og kan v\u00e6re helt op til 45 \u00e5r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hvad du kan g\u00f8re<\/h2>\n

Substitution b\u00f8r overvejes i anvendelser, hvor det er muligt. Hvis der ikke findes alternativer, eller MOCA kan forekomme som biprodukt, skal der foretages regelm\u00e6ssige eksponeringsvurderinger, s\u00e5 man ved, hvorn\u00e5r der skal tr\u00e6ffes foranstaltninger. <\/p>\n

Der b\u00f8r v\u00e6re strenge betingelser for brugen af MOCA i polyurethanproduktion. Is\u00e6r kr\u00e6ves der ogs\u00e5 god generel husholdning p\u00e5 alle steder, og arbejderne skal tage ansvar for deres eget arbejdsomr\u00e5de og rene gulve osv. Adgangen til omr\u00e5der, hvor der bruges MOCA, skal begr\u00e6nses til autoriseret personale, og der skal v\u00e6re sikkerhedsskilte, der minder arbejderne om, hvilke personlige v\u00e6rnemidler de skal b\u00e6re. MOCA skal opbevares i separate lagerbygninger, som kun er tilg\u00e6ngelige for autoriseret personale. Brugen af PPE (personlige v\u00e6rnemidler) skal g\u00f8res obligatorisk inden for semi-industriel og maskinst\u00f8bning. <\/p>\n

Arbejderne skal v\u00e6re opm\u00e6rksomme p\u00e5 virkningerne af eksponering og b\u00f8r uddannes regelm\u00e6ssigt i de kontrolforanstaltninger, der er n\u00f8dvendige for at arbejde sikkert med MOCA for at forhindre eksponering. De b\u00f8r opfordres til at rapportere tidlige symptomer som f.eks. br\u00e6ndende fornemmelse i hud og \u00f8jne. Det anbefales derfor at inddrage en arbejdsmediciner. <\/p>\n

Biomonitorering er i \u00f8jeblikket den bedste metode til at estimere den samlede eksponering for MOCA i arbejdsmilj\u00f8er. Hvis der udf\u00f8res biomonitorering, skal pr\u00f8veudtagningen udf\u00f8res efter arbejdstid i slutningen af arbejdsugen. <\/p>\n

Biomonitorering b\u00f8r ogs\u00e5 suppleres med luftoverv\u00e5gning og, n\u00e5r det er relevant, m\u00e5linger af hud- og overfladeforurening for at kontrollere eksponeringskilderne.<\/p>\n

S\u00f8rg for, at arbejderne har tilstr\u00e6kkelig personlig beskyttelse, f.eks. beskyttelsesdragter, handsker, fodt\u00f8j, hovedbekl\u00e6dning, briller til direkte udluftning og \u00e5ndedr\u00e6tsv\u00e6rn, hvis det er n\u00f8dvendigt.<\/p>\n

Referencer: RAC, IARC, ATSDR, AGS, NIOSH, COM<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[4101],"class_list":["post-76895","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-44-methylen-bis-2-chloranilin-moca"],"yoast_head":"\n4,4-Methylen-bis (2-chloranilin) (MOCA) - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Eksponering for MOCA sker hovedsageligt gennem hudabsorption. 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