{"id":76895,"date":"2024-01-04T09:21:22","date_gmt":"2024-01-04T09:21:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/44-methylen-bis-2-chloranilin-moca\/"},"modified":"2026-06-30T13:07:23","modified_gmt":"2026-06-30T13:07:23","slug":"44-methylen-bis-2-chloranilin-moca","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/da\/fact\/44-methylen-bis-2-chloranilin-moca\/","title":{"rendered":"4,4-Methylen-bis (2-chloranilin) (MOCA)"},"content":{"rendered":"

If\u00f8lge sk\u00f8n fra 2017 blev det ansl\u00e5et, at 2 500 arbejderne potentielt var udsat for MOCA (methylenbis[2-chloroanilin]) i hele EU. Da pligten til godkendelse for stoffet i henhold til REACH-forordningen er \u00e6ndret, kan det antages, at anvendelsen er faldet yderligere (ans\u00f8gninger viser < 100 arbejder). Eksponering for MOCA sker hovedsageligt gennem hudabsorption af stoffet. Stoffet har en harmoniseret klassificering som Carc. 1B (stoffer, der formodes at have et carcinogen potentiale for mennesker, hovedsageligt baseret p\u00e5 dyrefors\u00f8g) i henhold til CLP-forordningen. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Det sandsynlige m\u00e5l for virkninger af carcinogener hos mennesker er bl\u00e6rens urothelium, hvilket kan f\u00f8re til bl\u00e6rekr\u00e6ft.<\/p>\n

Hvor risici opst\u00e5r<\/h2>\n

Den prim\u00e6re sektor, hvor der forekommer eksponering, er inden for formulering og fremstilling af h\u00f8jtydende polyuretanprodukter, f.eks. varmst\u00f8bte polyuretanprodukter, h\u00f8jtydende polyuretaner specielt til tunge ruller, sp\u00e6ndepuder og fjederblokke samt til specialfremstillede ruller. Opgaver med h\u00f8j risiko for eksponering for MOCA omfatter vejning af MOCA-granulat, smeltning af MOCA, dosering af smeltet MOCA og blanding af smeltet MOCA med pr\u00e6polymer. I Asien-Stillehavsomr\u00e5det anvendes det ogs\u00e5 som h\u00e6rdemiddel til tagd\u00e6kning og tr\u00e6forsegling. <\/p>\n

Mere om stoffet<\/h2>\n

Selv om ren MOCA er et farvel\u00f8st krystallinsk fast stof, er de mest anvendte former (industrikvalitet) solbrune pellets eller flager. Det har en svag aminlugt, meget lav opl\u00f8selighed i vand og kan eksplodere ved opvarmning. <\/p>\n

Der g\u00e6lder en EU-bindende gr\u00e6nsev\u00e6rdi for erhvervsm\u00e6ssig eksponering p\u00e5 0,01 mg\/m\u00b3.<\/p>\n

Farer, der kan opst\u00e5<\/h2>\n

P\u00e5 grund af sin h\u00e5ndtering optages MOCA b\u00e5de gennem huden og luftvejene. Hudabsorption er mulig p\u00e5 grund af MOCA’s lipofilicitet, relativt lille molekylest\u00f8rrelse og tilstedev\u00e6relsen af reaktive amingrupper. De h\u00f8jeste koncentrationer m\u00e5les i leveren. Det meste af det absorberede stof udskilles i l\u00f8bet af f\u00e5 dage i urin og aff\u00f8ring. <\/p>\n

Akut h\u00f8j og utilsigtet eksponering kan f\u00f8re til irritation og en br\u00e6ndende fornemmelse i huden og \u00f8jnene, kvalme og gastrointestinale og renale effekter. EU har ogs\u00e5 fastsat en “hudnotation” for MOCA, som indikerer, at dermal eksponering kan bidrage v\u00e6sentligt til den samlede eksponering. <\/p>\n

Kronisk eksponering for MOCA kan for\u00e5rsage bl\u00e6rekr\u00e6ft. Latensperioden mellem eksponeringen og den MOCA-relaterede bl\u00e6rekr\u00e6ftforekomst er i gennemsnit 11,5 \u00e5r og kan v\u00e6re helt op til 45 \u00e5r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hvad du kan g\u00f8re<\/h2>\n

Substitution b\u00f8r overvejes i anvendelser, hvor det er muligt. Hvis der ikke findes alternativer, eller MOCA kan forekomme som biprodukt, skal der foretages regelm\u00e6ssige eksponeringsvurderinger, s\u00e5 man ved, hvorn\u00e5r der skal tr\u00e6ffes foranstaltninger. <\/p>\n

Der skal g\u00e6lde strenge betingelser for brugen af MOCA i produktionen af polyuretan. Der skal is\u00e6r v\u00e6re god generel orden p\u00e5 alle anl\u00e6ggene, og arbejderne skal tage ansvar for deres eget arbejdsomr\u00e5de og reng\u00f8re gulve osv. Adgangen til omr\u00e5der, hvor MOCA anvendes, skal begr\u00e6nses til autoriseret personale, og der skal v\u00e6re sikkerhedsskilte, der minder arbejderne om, hvilket personligt beskyttelsesudstyr de skal b\u00e6re. MOCA skal opbevares i separate lagre, som kun er tilg\u00e6ngelige for autoriseret personale. Brug af PPE (personligt beskyttelsesudstyr) skal g\u00f8res obligatorisk inden for semi-industriel st\u00f8bning og maskinst\u00f8bning. <\/p>\n

Arbejderne skal v\u00e6re opm\u00e6rksomme p\u00e5 virkningerne af eksponering og b\u00f8r uddannes regelm\u00e6ssigt i de kontrolforanstaltninger, der er n\u00f8dvendige for at arbejde sikkert med MOCA for at forhindre eksponering. De b\u00f8r opfordres til at rapportere tidlige symptomer som f.eks. br\u00e6ndende fornemmelse i hud og \u00f8jne. Det anbefales derfor at inddrage en arbejdsmediciner. <\/p>\n

Biomonitorering er i \u00f8jeblikket den bedste metode til at estimere den samlede eksponering for MOCA i arbejdsmilj\u00f8er. Hvis der udf\u00f8res biomonitorering, skal pr\u00f8veudtagningen udf\u00f8res efter arbejdstid i slutningen af arbejdsugen. <\/p>\n

Biomonitorering b\u00f8r ogs\u00e5 suppleres med luftoverv\u00e5gning og, n\u00e5r det er relevant, m\u00e5linger af hud- og overfladeforurening for at kontrollere eksponeringskilderne.<\/p>\n

S\u00f8rg for, at arbejderne har passende udstyr til personlig beskyttelse, s\u00e5som beskyttelsesdragter, handsker, fodt\u00f8j, hovedbekl\u00e6dning, beskyttelsesbriller med direkte udluftning og \u00e5ndedr\u00e6tsv\u00e6rn, hvis det er n\u00f8dvendigt.<\/p>\n

Referencer: RAC, IARC, ATSDR, AGS, NIOSH, COM<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[4101],"class_list":["post-76895","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-44-methylen-bis-2-chloranilin-moca"],"yoast_head":"\n4,4-Methylen-bis (2-chloranilin) (MOCA) - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Uds\u00e6ttelse for MOCA sker hovedsageligt gennem hudabsorption. 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