{"id":76898,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:24","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/14-dioxan\/"},"modified":"2025-09-04T10:10:45","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T10:10:45","slug":"14-dioxan","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/da\/fact\/14-dioxan\/","title":{"rendered":"1,4-Dioxan"},"content":{"rendered":"

Det ansl\u00e5s, at op til 30.000 arbejdere er udsat for 1,4-Dioxan i EU. Typiske arbejdspladser, hvor 1,4-Dioxan bruges, er i gummi- og kemikalieindustrien. Det kan ogs\u00e5 forekomme som et biprodukt i kosmetikindustrien. Arbejderne eksponeres hovedsageligt gennem luftb\u00e5ren forurening og ved hudkontakt, selv om oral eksponering ogs\u00e5 er mulig. 1,4-Dioxan er klassificeret som carcinogen i kategori 1B i henhold til CLP-lovgivningen (Carc. 1B) og mist\u00e6nkes for at bidrage til carcinomer i n\u00e6sen samt tumorer i leveren og nyrerne. Derudover for\u00e5rsager 1,4-Dioxan alvorlig \u00f8jenirritation og kan for\u00e5rsage irritation af luftvejene; gentagen eksponering af huden kan for\u00e5rsage t\u00f8rhed eller revner. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Hvor risikoen opst\u00e5r<\/h2>\n

Erhvervsm\u00e6ssig eksponering sker under produktion, forarbejdning og brug af 1,4-Dioxan via ind\u00e5nding eller dermal eksponering. 1,4-Dioxan bruges ofte som opl\u00f8sningsmiddel i laboratorier (f.eks. mobil fase i kromatografi) og p\u00e5 industrianl\u00e6g i polymeriseringsprocesser. Reng\u00f8rings- og vedligeholdelsesaktiviteter er ogs\u00e5 vigtige at overveje i forhold til eksponering. <\/p>\n

Mere om stoffet<\/h2>\n

1,4-Dioxan er en klar, farvel\u00f8s v\u00e6ske, der let blandes med andre opl\u00f8sningsmidler. P\u00e5 grund af dets inerti bruges det hovedsageligt som opl\u00f8sningsmiddel i sig selv. Det er meget brandfarligt og kan danne eksplosive peroxider. 1,4-Dioxan er et menneskeskabt kemikalie, der ikke forekommer naturligt i milj\u00f8et. Det er et kendt biprodukt fra industrielle ethoxyleringsprocesser og kan derfor forekomme som forurening i kosmetik og produkter til personlig pleje, hvor koncentrationen er strengt reguleret. 1,4-Dioxan er ogs\u00e5 blevet fundet som rest i artikler af plast og gummi (f.eks. handsker, st\u00f8vler, t\u00f8j, gummih\u00e5ndtag, gearstang, rat). <\/p>\n

1,4-Dioxan er stabil i vand og nedbrydes ikke. Forbindelser i luften kan hurtigt nedbryde 1,4-Dioxan til forskellige forbindelser. Der er forurening i milj\u00f8et (grundvandet) i forbindelse med bortskaffelse af kemiske opl\u00f8sningsmidler, der indeholder 1,4-Dioxan, og fra bortskaffelse af selve 1,4-Dioxan. <\/p>\n

Farer, der kan opst\u00e5<\/h2>\n

1,4-Dioxan absorberes hurtigt og n\u00e6sten fuldst\u00e6ndigt efter ind\u00e5nding og oral eksponering. Optagelse via huden er ogs\u00e5 relevant. Efter ind\u00e5nding af 1,4-Dioxan kan der opst\u00e5 \u00f8vre mavesmerter og opkastninger samt irritation af \u00f8jne og luftveje. Andre symptomer p\u00e5 1,4-Dioxan-forgiftning omfatter lever- og nyreskader, kramper og koma. I denne sammenh\u00e6ng skal der tages h\u00f8jde for en samtidig hudoptagelse af stoffet. Desuden kan gentagen dermal eksponering for 1,4-Dioxan f\u00f8re til hudskader. Derudover blev der i dyrefors\u00f8g observeret effekter p\u00e5 lever og nyrer samt p\u00e5 centralnervesystemet som forskudt gang, narkose, lammelse og koma. Det skal bem\u00e6rkes, at de vigtigste m\u00e5lorganer er \u00e5ndedr\u00e6tssystemet, leveren og nyrerne efter langtidseksponering. <\/p>\n

Hvad du kan g\u00f8re<\/h2>\n

Substitution b\u00f8r overvejes i anvendelser, hvor det er muligt. Hvis der ikke findes alternativer, eller hvis 1,4-Dioxan kan forekomme som biprodukt, skal der med j\u00e6vne mellemrum foretages korrekte eksponeringsm\u00e5linger, s\u00e5 man ved, hvorn\u00e5r og hvor der skal tr\u00e6ffes foranstaltninger. For at undg\u00e5 sundhedsskadelige virkninger er det derfor yderst vigtigt at reducere eksponeringen til under den sundhedsbaserede gr\u00e6nsev\u00e6rdi. I industrielle processer er eksempler p\u00e5 tekniske kontrolforanstaltninger lukkede systemer, generel udst\u00f8dning og lokal udst\u00f8dningsventilation. Selv n\u00e5r der arbejdes med lukkede systemer, kan der forekomme eksponering, f.eks. under pr\u00f8veudtagningsopgaver. M\u00e5linger og kontrolforanstaltninger er relevante her. Andre anbefalede arbejdsmetoder er at give medarbejderne oplysninger om farer og uddannelse samt generelle arbejdshygiejnestandarder for omr\u00e5der, hvor der h\u00e5ndteres kemikalier. Arbejdere inden for vedligeholdelse og reng\u00f8ring b\u00f8r ogs\u00e5 uddannes. Unders\u00f8g, om arbejderne rapporterer tidlige symptomer. Det anbefales at inddrage en arbejdsmediciner. V\u00e6r opm\u00e6rksom p\u00e5, at for 1,4-Dioxan kan eksponeringsvurderingen underst\u00f8ttes med biomonitorering, hvis det er relevant i henhold til national lovgivning. Arbejderne skal v\u00e6re opm\u00e6rksomme p\u00e5 virkningerne af eksponering. Personlig beskyttelse b\u00f8r kun bruges som en sidste udvej efter at have introduceret de mulige tekniske l\u00f8sninger. <\/p>\n

Kilder: BAuA, CLP, den tyske MAK-kommission, RAC<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[4057],"class_list":["post-76898","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-14-dioxan-da"],"yoast_head":"\n1,4-Dioxan - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"30.000 arbejdere er udsat for 1,4-Dioxan i EU. Det er mist\u00e6nkt for at for\u00e5rsage karcinomer i n\u00e6sen samt tumorer i leveren og nyrerne.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/da\/fact\/14-dioxan\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"da_DK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"1,4-Dioxan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"30.000 arbejdere er udsat for 1,4-Dioxan i EU. 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