{"id":76901,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:24","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/epiklorhydrin\/"},"modified":"2026-06-13T11:27:54","modified_gmt":"2026-06-13T11:27:54","slug":"epiklorhydrin","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/da\/fact\/epiklorhydrin\/","title":{"rendered":"Epiklorhydrin"},"content":{"rendered":"

Det seneste sk\u00f8n over antallet af arbejdere i EU, der er udsat for Epiklorhydrin (1-chlor-2,3-epoxypropan), fra 2011 er ca. 44.000. Ind\u00e5nding anses for at v\u00e6re den prim\u00e6re eksponeringsvej, men arbejdere kan ogs\u00e5 blive udsat for stoffet gennem hudkontakt. Epiklorhydrin er klassificeret som carcinogen i kategori 1B (i henhold til CLP-forordningen), hvilket betyder, at det formodes at have carcinogene egenskaber for mennesker, baseret p\u00e5 resultater fra dyrefors\u00f8g. Eksponering for epiklorhydrin er forbundet med forekomsten af lungekr\u00e6ft og tumorer i centralnervesystemet. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Hvor risici opst\u00e5r<\/h2>\n

Der kan forekomme erhvervsm\u00e6ssig eksponering for Epiklorhydrin b\u00e5de under fremstillingen af stoffet ud fra klor og i produktionen af epoxyharpikser, der anvendes i overfladebehandlingsmidler, kl\u00e6bemidler og plast. Epoxyharpikser har mange forskellige anvendelsesomr\u00e5der inden for industrien, herunder maling, kl\u00e6bemidler, bilindustrien, luftfartsindustrien, bygge- og anl\u00e6gsvirksomheden, udstyr til vedvarende energi og elektronik (anvendes til printkort og til indkapsling af elektroniske komponenter for at beskytte dem mod beskadigelse). Epiklorhydrin anvendes desuden i specialharpikser og polymerer til vandbehandling, harpikser med h\u00f8j v\u00e5dstyrke til papirindustrien eller gennem ionbytning til rensning af luft og vand. Derudover anvendes det som opl\u00f8sningsmiddel til celluloseestere og -ethere, forarbejdning af uld og bomuld samt i gummiproduktionsprocesser. Desuden omfatter erhverv med risiko for eksponering arbejdstagere p\u00e5 kemiske synteseanl\u00e6g af polyoler til produktion af h\u00e5rde polyurethanskum og overfladeaktive stoffer til vaskemidler. <\/p>\n

Mere om stoffet<\/h2>\n

Epiklorhydrin er en farvel\u00f8s, brandfarlig v\u00e6ske med en skarp, hvidl\u00f8gsagtig lugt, der er moderat opl\u00f8selig i vand, men blandbar med de fleste pol\u00e6re organiske opl\u00f8sningsmidler. Ved forbr\u00e6nding danner det giftige og \u00e6tsende dampe af hydrogenchlorid og klor. Epiklorhydrin reagerer voldsomt med aluminium, zink, alkoholer, fenoler, aminer og organiske syrer; dette medf\u00f8rer brand- og eksplosionsfare. <\/p>\n

Der g\u00e6lder en EU-bindende gr\u00e6nsev\u00e6rdi for erhvervsm\u00e6ssig eksponering p\u00e5 1,9 mg\/m\u00b3 (Tidsv\u00e6gtet gennemsnit).<\/p>\n

Farer, der kan opst\u00e5<\/h2>\n

Ind\u00e5nding af Epiklorhydrin-dampe anses for at v\u00e6re den prim\u00e6re eksponeringsvej, men der kan ogs\u00e5 ske en betydelig optagelse gennem huden. Kortvarig eksponering for Epiklorhydrin kan for\u00e5rsage irritation af \u00f8jne, luftveje og hud. Ind\u00e5nding af dampene kan for\u00e5rsage astmalignende reaktioner. Desuden kan kontakt med Epiklorhydrin irritere og forbr\u00e6nde hud og \u00f8jne. Ved h\u00f8j eksponering kan der observeres kvalme, opkastning, hoste, \u00e5nden\u00f8d, lungebet\u00e6ndelse, lunge\u00f8dem, p\u00e5virkning af centralnervesystemet samt nyre- og leverskader. Gentagen eller langvarig kontakt med Epiklorhydrin kan for\u00e5rsage hudsensibilisering. Derudover kan kronisk eksponering for Epiklorhydrin have virkninger p\u00e5 nyrer, lever og lunger samt \u00f8get risiko for lymfatisk og h\u00e6matopoietisk kr\u00e6ft. <\/p>\n

Hvad du kan g\u00f8re<\/h2>\n

Den mest effektive m\u00e5de at forebygge eksponering p\u00e5 er ved at erstatte epiklorhydrin, f.eks. ved alternative metoder til fremstilling af epoxyharpikser; erstatninger for epoxyharpikser i de forskellige anvendelser som f.eks. overfladebehandling, bygge- og anl\u00e6gsvirksomhed, kl\u00e6bemidler, laminater og kompositter; alternative processer til syntese af glycerin; og erstatninger for epiklorhydrin-elastomerer. Hvis det ikke er muligt at erstatte epichlorhydrin, og brugen af epichlorhydrin ikke kan undg\u00e5s, skal der tr\u00e6ffes foranstaltninger til at reducere eksponeringen. <\/p>\n

Den mest effektive m\u00e5de at undg\u00e5 eksponering for epichlordrin er at udvikle og bruge lukkede systemer. Hvor dette ikke er muligt, skal tekniske foranstaltninger s\u00e5som effektiv lokal udsugning suppleret med god ventilation af arbejdspladsen samt kontrol af deres effektivitet implementeres for at sikre, at eksponeringen minimeres s\u00e5 meget som teknisk muligt. <\/p>\n

Gennemf\u00f8r regelm\u00e6ssige eksponeringsvurderinger for at kontrollere, om de eksisterende beskyttelsesforanstaltninger er effektive, eller om der skal iv\u00e6rks\u00e6ttes yderligere tiltag. Arbejderne skal v\u00e6re opm\u00e6rksomme p\u00e5 virkningerne af eksponering og b\u00f8r regelm\u00e6ssigt modtage undervisning i de n\u00f8dvendige kontrolforanstaltninger for at arbejde sikkert med epichlorhydrin og dermed forhindre eksponering. Det anbefales at inddrage en arbejdsmediciner. Tilskynd arbejderne til at rapportere tidlige symptomer. Derudover b\u00f8r alle arbejderne instrueres i at vaske h\u00e6nderne grundigt, f\u00f8r de holder pause eller g\u00e5r ind i et andet omr\u00e5de, samt at vaske sig og skifte t\u00f8j ved afslutningen af hvert skift. <\/p>\n

S\u00f8rg for, at arbejderne har passende udstyr til personlig beskyttelse, s\u00e5som beskyttelsest\u00f8j og handsker, hvis det er n\u00f8dvendigt. Udstyr til personlig beskyttelse b\u00f8r ikke anvendes som den eneste forebyggende foranstaltning. S\u00e5 mange af ovenst\u00e5ende tekniske og organisatoriske foranstaltninger som muligt skal v\u00e6re implementeret p\u00e5 forh\u00e5nd. Derudover skal der ved valg af udstyr tages hensyn til de arbejderes anatomi, der skal bruge det, og i tilf\u00e6lde af \u00e5ndedr\u00e6tsv\u00e6rn, der er baseret p\u00e5 ansigtsjustering, anbefales det st\u00e6rkt, at der udf\u00f8res en tilpasningstest p\u00e5 hver person. <\/p>\n

Personlig beskyttelse b\u00f8r kun bruges som en sidste udvej og kun overvejes midlertidigt, efter at de mulige tekniske l\u00f8sninger er udt\u00f8mt. Arbejderne b\u00f8r modtage den n\u00f8dvendige uddannelse og information om korrekt brug og vedligeholdelse af personlige v\u00e6rnemidler. <\/p>\n

Kilder: ECHA, CLP, IARC, ICSC, IOM<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[4095],"class_list":["post-76901","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-epiklorhydrin"],"yoast_head":"\nEpiklorhydrin - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! We collected all the important information these causing substances in easy-to-understand factsheets.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/da\/fact\/epiklorhydrin\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"da_DK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Epiklorhydrin\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! 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