{"id":76908,"date":"2025-03-18T08:27:52","date_gmt":"2025-03-18T08:27:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/ultraviolet-straaling\/"},"modified":"2025-09-04T10:10:54","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T10:10:54","slug":"ultraviolet-straaling","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/da\/fact\/ultraviolet-straaling\/","title":{"rendered":"Ultraviolet str\u00e5ling"},"content":{"rendered":"

I hele Europa ansl\u00e5s det, at 36 millioner arbejdere uds\u00e6ttes for naturlig ultraviolet str\u00e5ling (UVR) fra solen og omkring 1 million for UVR fra kunstige kilder. Eksponering for UVR p\u00e5virker prim\u00e6rt huden og \u00f8jnene. B\u00e5de solens og kunstig UVR er klassificeret som carcinogen for mennesker (IARC gruppe 1). Overdreven UV-eksponering f\u00f8rer til solskoldning og bet\u00e6ndelse i hornhinden og bindehinden efter et par timers forsinkelse. Gr\u00e5 st\u00e6r og forskellige former for hudkr\u00e6ft kan udvikles efter mange \u00e5rs UV-eksponering. I Europa rapporterede IARC om mere end 470.000 nye tilf\u00e6lde af hudkr\u00e6ft (melanom og ikke-melanom) i 2022. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Hvor risici opst\u00e5r<\/h2>\n

Alle udend\u00f8rsarbejdere, f.eks. inden for landbrug og skovbrug, i bygge- og anl\u00e6gsvirksomhed eller inden for skibsfart, er s\u00e6rligt p\u00e5virkede af solens UV-str\u00e5ler. Men arbejdere, der kun arbejder delvist udend\u00f8rs, f.eks. inden for levering, politi og beredskab, undervisning og gastronomi, er ogs\u00e5 udsat for risici som f\u00f8lge af eksponering for solens UV-str\u00e5ler. Arbejdsaktiviteter, der kan ledsages af kunstig UV-str\u00e5ling, omfatter f.eks. svejsning eller sk\u00e6ring med lysbue eller laser, materialetestning, UV-desinfektion (f\u00f8devareindustri, vandbehandling) eller industriel h\u00e6rdning af maling. <\/p>\n

Mere om faren<\/h2>\n

UVR med b\u00f8lgel\u00e6ngder mellem 100 og 400 nm er hverken synlig eller p\u00e5 anden m\u00e5de m\u00e6rkbar. Ikke alle UV-b\u00f8lgel\u00e6ngder har samme biologiske effekt, men der skal tages hensyn til hudens og \u00f8jnenes relative spektrale f\u00f8lsomhed. Som f\u00f8lge heraf udg\u00f8r is\u00e6r UV-B-str\u00e5ling (280 – 315 nm) en risiko for solskoldning. UV-A-str\u00e5ling (315 – 400 nm) f\u00f8rer blandt andet til \u00e6ldning af huden og rynker. <\/p>\n

Solens UV-C-str\u00e5ling (100 – 280 nm) absorberes fuldst\u00e6ndigt af stratosf\u00e6rens ozonlag og n\u00e5r derfor ikke jordens overflade. Kunstig UV-C-str\u00e5ling kan dog forekomme, f.eks. under lysbuesvejsning og desinfektion (typisk med en b\u00f8lgel\u00e6ngde p\u00e5 254 nm) eller ved brug af visse laserkilder. Kunstig UV-C-str\u00e5ling absorberes delvist af luften, hvilket f\u00f8rer til ozondannelse. <\/p>\n

Farer, der kan opst\u00e5<\/h2>\n

UVR har prim\u00e6rt en effekt p\u00e5 hudens og \u00f8jnenes overflader, men er ogs\u00e5 kendt for at undertrykke immunforsvaret. Akut, overdreven UV-eksponering kan f\u00f8re til smertefuld, men reversibel inflammation af hornhinden og bindehinden, som f\u00f8les som “sand i \u00f8jet”, samt inflammatorisk r\u00f8dme af huden (erytem, synonymt med solskoldning). Langvarig h\u00f8j UVR-eksponering \u00f8ger risikoen for at udvikle b\u00e5de hvid (ikke-melanom) og sort (melanom) hudkr\u00e6ft samt gr\u00e5 st\u00e6r. Mens akutte helbredseffekter forsinkes med nogle f\u00e5 timer, er latenstiden for sygdomme for\u00e5rsaget af kronisk UV-eksponering i st\u00f8rrelsesordenen \u00e5rtier. <\/p>\n

Hvad du kan g\u00f8re<\/h2>\n

Det indledende tjek for udskiftning af farligt arbejdsudstyr er den mest effektive m\u00e5de at undg\u00e5 UVR-eksponering p\u00e5. Med hensyn til sol-UVR er det ikke muligt at erstatte risikokilden (solen). Men hvis kunstig UV-str\u00e5ling skal anvendes eller forekommer utilsigtet, skal der foretages en udskiftningskontrol p\u00e5 forh\u00e5nd. I princippet giver en rimelig kombination af tekniske, organisatoriske og personlige foranstaltninger den bedste beskyttelse mod UVR. <\/p>\n

Tekniske foranstaltninger omfatter alle former for afsk\u00e6rmning og skygge, f.eks. baldakiner p\u00e5 station\u00e6re og solsk\u00e6rme p\u00e5 ikke-station\u00e6re udend\u00f8rs arbejdspladser. Helt lukkede kabiner giver UV-beskyttelse ved brug af mobilt arbejdsudstyr. Eksisterende skygge, f.eks. fra bygninger eller planter, giver ofte kun begr\u00e6nset UV-beskyttelse. Ved brug af kunstig UV-str\u00e5ling er indkapsling af kilden eller afsk\u00e6rmning af den tilg\u00e6ngelige UV-str\u00e5ling en passende m\u00e5de at sikre effektiv UV-beskyttelse p\u00e5. <\/p>\n

Organisatoriske foranstaltninger har til form\u00e5l at reducere eksponeringens varighed. De omfatter f.eks. flytning af arbejdsaktiviteter til skyggefulde eller afsk\u00e6rmede omr\u00e5der, der kun er lidt eller slet ikke eksponeret, og flytning af arbejdstiden til tidligere morgen- og senere aftentimer (ved udend\u00f8rs arbejde). Fordeling af arbejdsaktiviteter mellem flere arbejdere og begr\u00e6nsning af adgangen til UVR-eksponerede indend\u00f8rs arbejdspladser ved hj\u00e6lp af skilte eller etiketter er ogs\u00e5 eksempler p\u00e5 organisatoriske foranstaltninger. <\/p>\n

Personlig beskyttelse som f.eks. hovedbekl\u00e6dning med bred skygge og nakkebeskyttelse, sikkerhedsbriller (solbriller eller specielt designede beskyttelsesbriller til kunstig UV-str\u00e5ling), ansigtssk\u00e6rme og visirer samt t\u00f8j og handsker, der d\u00e6kker hele kroppen, er ofte obligatoriske. Hudomr\u00e5der, der ikke kan d\u00e6kkes af tekstiler, f.eks. ansigtet p\u00e5 udend\u00f8rs arbejdere, b\u00f8r beskyttes ved at bruge solcreme med en tilstr\u00e6kkelig h\u00f8j solbeskyttelsesfaktor. <\/p>\n

Referencer: IARC, COM, ICNIRP<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[4100],"class_list":["post-76908","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-uv-straling-da"],"yoast_head":"\nUltraviolet str\u00e5ling - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Et ansl\u00e5et antal p\u00e5 37 millioner arbejdere uds\u00e6ttes for UVR. 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