{"id":76909,"date":"2024-01-04T09:28:32","date_gmt":"2024-01-04T09:28:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/ildfaste-keramiske-fibre\/"},"modified":"2025-09-04T10:10:50","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T10:10:50","slug":"ildfaste-keramiske-fibre","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/da\/fact\/ildfaste-keramiske-fibre\/","title":{"rendered":"Ildfaste keramiske fibre"},"content":{"rendered":"

If\u00f8lge de seneste sk\u00f8n er omkring 25.000 medarbejdere i EU potentielt eksponeret for ildfaste keramiske fibre (RCF’er). Den vigtigste arbejdsrelaterede eksponeringsvej er ind\u00e5nding af luftb\u00e5rne fibre. RCF’er er klassificeret som carcinogener i kategori 1B i henhold til den europ\u00e6iske CLP-forordning (EC 1272\/2008), hvilket betyder, at disse stoffer formodes at have et carcinogent potentiale for mennesker baseret p\u00e5 dyrefors\u00f8g. Gentagen eller langvarig ind\u00e5ndingseksponering for RCF’er kan \u00f8ge risikoen for lungekr\u00e6ft og andre kroniske lungesygdomme. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Hvor risici opst\u00e5r<\/h2>\n

RCF’er er industriprodukter, der bruges som isoleringsmaterialer ved h\u00f8je temperaturer i flere industrisektorer. Deres vigtigste anvendelse er som foringsmaterialer til ovne. De st\u00f8rste RCF-forbrugende industrier omfatter kemisk industri, g\u00f8dningsindustri, petrokemisk industri, st\u00e5lindustri, glasindustri, keramikindustri, cementindustri, st\u00f8beriindustri og smedeindustri. Ind\u00e5nding er den vigtigste eksponeringsvej for RCF’er under fremstilling og slutbrugerprocesser. I RCF-fremstillingsindustrien kan eksponering for RCF forekomme under blandings- og formningsprocesser, sk\u00e6ring eller bearbejdning af materialet og under processer, hvor RCF’er kombineres eller samles med andre materialer. <\/p>\n

P\u00e5 slutbrugersteder kan eksponering for RCF’er forekomme ved installation af h\u00f8jtemperaturisoleringsmaterialer, betjening af maskiner og ovne, inspektion og vedligeholdelse af ovne og fjernelse af RCF-holdige materialer. Fjernelse af RCF-isoleringsmateriale fra industriovne og -v\u00e6gge har resulteret i nogle af de h\u00f8jeste luftb\u00e5rne koncentrationer, der er m\u00e5lt i arbejdsmilj\u00f8er. <\/p>\n

Mere om stoffet<\/h2>\n

RCF’er er typisk hvide eller gr\u00e5 fibermaterialer, der leveres som bulkfibre, t\u00e6pper eller i et fast produkt. Individuelle RCF-fibre er ikke synlige med det blotte \u00f8je, da deres gennemsnitlige diameter er i den lave mikrometerklasse. RCF’er tilh\u00f8rer en klasse af materialer, der kaldes syntetiske glasfibre (SVF’er). Kemisk set best\u00e5r SVF’er hovedsageligt af silikatmineraler. SVF’erne adskiller sig fra naturlige mineralfibre som f.eks. Asbest ved at have en amorf (ikke-krystallinsk) struktur, og de har tendens til at v\u00e6re mindre holdbare. <\/p>\n

Afh\u00e6ngigt af r\u00e5materialet og den p\u00e5t\u00e6nkte anvendelse indeholder SVF’er forskellige m\u00e6ngder af metaloxider. RCF’er har et h\u00f8jt indhold af aluminiumoxid, hvilket g\u00f8r dem i stand til at modst\u00e5 ekstremt h\u00f8je temperaturer. RCF’er er generelt mere persistente end andre SVF’er i biologiske milj\u00f8er som f.eks. lungerne. Strukturen af RCF’er kan delvist \u00e6ndre sig fra amorf til krystallinsk form efter at v\u00e6re blevet udsat for h\u00f8je temperaturer (over 1000 \u00b0C) i l\u00e6ngere perioder. Under vedligeholdelses- og nedrivningsarbejde, hvor RCF-foringen forstyrres, kan arbejdere derfor blive udsat for b\u00e5de RCF og krystallinsk silica. <\/p>\n

Farer, der kan opst\u00e5<\/h2>\n

I henhold til den europ\u00e6iske CLP-forordning er RCF’er klassificeret som carcinogener i kategori 1B. Dette er baseret p\u00e5 beviser fra dyrefors\u00f8g, der tyder p\u00e5, at gentagen eller langvarig ind\u00e5ndingseksponering for RCF’er kan medf\u00f8re \u00f8get risiko for lungekr\u00e6ft, pleural mesotheliom og andre kroniske lungesygdomme. <\/p>\n

Kortvarige virkninger af ind\u00e5nding af RCF’er kan omfatte irritation af luftvejene, s\u00e5som ondt i halsen, tilstoppet n\u00e6se og hoste. Dermal eksponering for RCF’er kan resultere i kontaktdermatitis og kl\u00f8e. Fibre kan ogs\u00e5 overf\u00f8res til \u00f8jnene, f.eks. via h\u00e6nderne, og for\u00e5rsage irritation. <\/p>\n

RCF’ers potentiale til at for\u00e5rsage lungeeffekter p\u00e5virkes af deres fysiske og kemiske egenskaber, hvoraf de vigtigste er fiberdiameter, l\u00e6ngde og opl\u00f8selighed i biologiske v\u00e6sker. Det er de vigtigste egenskaber, der bestemmer transporten til og persistensen (tilbageholdelsestiden) af fibrene i lungerne og dermed deres toksicitet. Latensperioden mellem eksponering for RCF og relaterede kr\u00e6ftformer forventes at v\u00e6re lang, op til 20-30 \u00e5r. <\/p>\n

Hvad du kan g\u00f8re<\/h2>\n

Den prim\u00e6re overvejelse skal v\u00e6re, om det er teknisk muligt at erstatte RCF i produkter. Eksempler p\u00e5 erstatninger er AES-uld (alkaline earth silicate) med lavere biopersistens eller lette, ikke-fibr\u00f8se ildfaste produkter. Erstatningsprodukternes tekniske egnethed afh\u00e6nger i h\u00f8j grad af de kr\u00e6vede termiske og mekaniske egenskaber eller den kemiske og mekaniske modstandsdygtighed. Hvis substitution ikke er mulig, anbefales det at bruge egnede former for produkter, s\u00e5som formonterede produkter, laminerede produkter, formede dele eller arbejdsprocedurer, der hj\u00e6lper med at minimere dannelsen af st\u00f8v. <\/p>\n

Spredning af RCF-fibre kan minimeres ved at indkapsle st\u00f8vende processer og ved at bruge effektiv udsugningsventilation. Fibermaterialer skal opbevares indpakket, n\u00e5r de ikke er i brug, og h\u00e5ndteres s\u00e5 lidt som muligt. Det anbefales at fugte materialerne grundigt, f\u00f8r de fjernes, for at reducere m\u00e6ngden af luftb\u00e5rne fibre. Omr\u00e5der, hvor der kan forekomme eksponering, skal udpeges og holdes adskilt fra andre arbejdsomr\u00e5der. <\/p>\n

Arbejdsgivere b\u00f8r gennemf\u00f8re regelm\u00e6ssige eksponeringsvurderinger ved hj\u00e6lp af personlig pr\u00f8vetagning og\/eller station\u00e6re m\u00e5linger for at kontrollere, om beskyttelsesforanstaltningerne er effektive, eller om der skal tr\u00e6ffes yderligere foranstaltninger. Arbejderne b\u00f8r regelm\u00e6ssigt uddannes i de kontrolforanstaltninger, der er n\u00f8dvendige for at arbejde sikkert med RCF’er for at forhindre eksponering. <\/p>\n

Det b\u00f8r v\u00e6re forbudt at spise, ryge og drikke i omr\u00e5der, hvor der er risiko for kontaminering med RCF. Pauser skal holdes i et separat, rent omr\u00e5de, og personlig beskyttelse skal tages af, og h\u00e6nderne skal vaskes, f\u00f8r der spises. Der b\u00f8r v\u00e6re vaskefaciliteter, s\u00e5 arbejderne kan opretholde en passende standard for personlig hygiejne. <\/p>\n

For at forhindre sekund\u00e6r eksponering fra aflejrede fibre er det vigtigt at holde arbejdspladsen ryddelig. Reng\u00f8ring skal udf\u00f8res med en metode, der forhindrer spredning af fibre. St\u00f8vsugere b\u00f8r v\u00e6re udstyret med h\u00f8jeffektiv HEPA-filtrering. <\/p>\n

Arbejderne skal have tilstr\u00e6kkelig personlig beskyttelse, herunder \u00e5ndedr\u00e6tsv\u00e6rn, beskyttelsest\u00f8j, handsker og sikkerhedsbriller, n\u00e5r de h\u00e5ndterer RCF-materialer. Beskyttelsesudstyret skal tages af p\u00e5 en forudbestemt m\u00e5de (med \u00e5ndedr\u00e6tsv\u00e6rnet som det sidste), reng\u00f8res regelm\u00e6ssigt og opbevares p\u00e5 en m\u00e5de, der forhindrer fiberforurening. <\/p>\n

Kilder: ECHA, ILO, NIOSH, BAuA<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[4091],"class_list":["post-76909","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-ildfaste-keramiske-fibre"],"yoast_head":"\nIldfaste keramiske fibre - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! We collected all the important information these causing substances in easy-to-understand factsheets.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/da\/fact\/ildfaste-keramiske-fibre\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"da_DK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ildfaste keramiske fibre\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! 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