{"id":76914,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:12","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/chrom-vi-forbindelser\/"},"modified":"2026-06-13T11:31:22","modified_gmt":"2026-06-13T11:31:22","slug":"chrom-vi-forbindelser","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/da\/fact\/chrom-vi-forbindelser\/","title":{"rendered":"Chrom VI-forbindelser"},"content":{"rendered":"

Det ansl\u00e5s, at omkring 900.000 arbejdere i EU potentielt er udsat for krom(VI). Unders\u00f8gelser af arbejdere i brancherne for kromatproduktion, kromatpigmenter og kromgalvanisering, der var ansat f\u00f8r 1980’erne, viser en \u00f8get d\u00f8delighed af lungekr\u00e6ft. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Chrom VI-forbindelser er klassificeret som carcinogene i kategori 1A, hvilket betyder, at de er en p\u00e5vist \u00e5rsag til kr\u00e6ft hos mennesker. Uds\u00e6ttelse for krom VI sker ved ind\u00e5nding, indtagelse via mad eller vand eller ved direkte hudkontakt. P\u00e5 grund af de st\u00e6rkt \u00e6tsende egenskaber har krom VI ogs\u00e5 akutte sundhedsm\u00e6ssige virkninger. Derudover kan eksponering for krom VI for\u00e5rsage hud- og luftvejssensibilisering, s\u00e5som astma, og kan f\u00f8re til specifik organtoksicitet i lunger, lever og nyrer. <\/p>\n

Hvor risici opst\u00e5r<\/h2>\n

Eksponering p\u00e5 arbejdspladsen sker hovedsageligt ved svejsning og andre former for “varmt arbejde” p\u00e5 rustfrit st\u00e5l og andre metaller, der indeholder krom VI. Andre typer arbejde med potentiel eksponering er brug af pigmenter, spraymaling og bel\u00e6gninger. Andre relevante arbejdsomr\u00e5der er overfladebehandling af plast og metaller, f.eks. betjening af forkromningsbade. Eksponering sker ogs\u00e5 ved slibeteknikker af krom VI-belagte materialer, som f.eks. sandbl\u00e6sning, slibning og slibning. Industrier, hvor eksponering forekommer, er den funktionelle pletteringssektor, st\u00e5l, skibsv\u00e6rfter, bygge- og anl\u00e6gsvirksomhed, betonindustri og v\u00e6rksteder til reparation og maling af bilkarosserier, lastbiler, tog og fly. <\/p>\n

Mere om stoffet<\/h2>\n

Krom(VI) er en form af grundstoffet krom. I naturen forekommer det ofte sammen med andre grundstoffer, s\u00e5som metaller, i malme og skal derfor forarbejdes industrielt. De mest industrielt relevante forbindelser indeholder natrium, kalium, zink, strontium, bly eller ammonium. Kromtrioxid eller kromsyre er almindeligt anvendte krom VI-stoffer i industrien. Krommetal tils\u00e6ttes bevidst til legeret st\u00e5l eller anvendes i overfladebehandlinger for at forbedre tekniske egenskaber, s\u00e5som h\u00e6rdbarhed, varme- og korrosionsbestandighed. Chrom VI-forbindelser kan anvendes som pigmenter i farvestoffer, maling, trykfarver og plast. Det kan ogs\u00e5 anvendes som et korrosionsh\u00e6mmende middel, der tils\u00e6ttes maling, grundere og andre overfladebel\u00e6gninger. I mods\u00e6tning til krom VI er en anden relevant, men ikke carcinogen form krom III, som kan omdannes til krom VI under oxidative forhold. <\/p>\n

Der findes i \u00f8jeblikket en EU-bindende gr\u00e6nsev\u00e6rdi for erhvervsm\u00e6ssig eksponering p\u00e5 5 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 (Tidsv\u00e6gtet gennemsnit), men den er under revision.<\/p>\n

Farer, der kan opst\u00e5<\/h2>\n

Ind\u00e5nding af store m\u00e6ngder krom(VI) kan for\u00e5rsage symptomer som l\u00f8bende n\u00e6se, nysen, hoste, kl\u00f8e og en br\u00e6ndende fornemmelse. Gentagen eller langvarig eksponering kan for\u00e5rsage s\u00e5r i n\u00e6sen og medf\u00f8re n\u00e6seblod samt skader p\u00e5 n\u00e6seskillev\u00e6ggen. Hudkontakt for\u00e5rsager alvorlig irritation, og indtagelse kan for\u00e5rsage akut forgiftning (gastrointestinale symptomer). Nogle medarbejdere udvikler allergi over for krom VI. Ind\u00e5nding af kromatforbindelser kan derefter for\u00e5rsage astmasymptomer. Kronisk hudeksponering for krom VI kan f\u00f8re til d\u00e5rligt helende s\u00e5r efter hudskader; indtagelse kan for\u00e5rsage systemiske virkninger p\u00e5 nyrer og lever. Langvarig eksponering for luftb\u00e5rent krom VI kan for\u00e5rsage lunge-, n\u00e6se- og bihulekr\u00e6ft. <\/p>\n

Latensperioden mellem krom VI-relaterede kr\u00e6ftformer er op til 20 \u00e5r efter krom VI-eksponering.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hvad du kan g\u00f8re<\/h2>\n

Den mest effektive m\u00e5de at forebygge eksponering p\u00e5 er at erstatte med produkter, der er fri for krom(VI) eller indeholder mindre krom(VI). Til specifikke anvendelser og hvor det er relevant, kan tekniske alternativer udt\u00f8mmes (f.eks. fysisk dampaflejring, krom(III)-bel\u00e6gning, anvendelse af flydende former af kromforbindelser osv.). Hvis produkter, der indeholder krom VI, ikke kan erstattes, b\u00f8r eksponeringen for stoffet reduceres gennem tekniske foranstaltninger. Brug f.eks. en svejsebr\u00e6nder med udsugning og passende lokale ventilationssystemer og ventilationssystemer i v\u00e6rkstedet. Udf\u00f8r l\u00f8bende korrekte eksponeringsm\u00e5linger, s\u00e5 man ved, hvorn\u00e5r der skal handles. Unders\u00f8g, om de arbejder rapporterer om tidlige symptomer. S\u00f8rg for, at arbejderne l\u00f8bende er opm\u00e6rksomme p\u00e5 virkningerne af eksponering. Desuden skal arbejderne undervises i risici, sikre arbejdsmetoder og effektive hygiejneforanstaltninger. <\/p>\n

S\u00f8rg for, at arbejderne har tilstr\u00e6kkeligt personlig beskyttelse, s\u00e5som passende \u00e5ndedr\u00e6tsv\u00e6rn, beskyttelsest\u00f8j og handsker. I visse tilf\u00e6lde kan det v\u00e6re n\u00f8dvendigt at anvende et \u00e5ndedr\u00e6tsv\u00e6rn. Personlig beskyttelse b\u00f8r kun anvendes som en sidste udvej, efter at de mulige tekniske l\u00f8sninger er blevet fremlagt. Selvom eksponering for krom(VI) hovedsageligt sker via ind\u00e5nding, b\u00f8r hudkontakt derfor ogs\u00e5 undg\u00e5s. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[4079],"class_list":["post-76914","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-chrom-vi-forbindelser"],"yoast_head":"\nChrom VI-forbindelser - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Det ansl\u00e5s, at omkring 900.000 arbejdere i EU potentielt er udsat for krom(VI). 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