{"id":82774,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:16","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/formaldehid\/"},"modified":"2025-09-04T12:59:26","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T12:59:26","slug":"formaldehid","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/hr\/fact\/formaldehid\/","title":{"rendered":"Formaldehid"},"content":{"rendered":"

Prema najnovijoj postoje\u0107oj procjeni iz ranih 1990-ih, procjenjuje se da je 971 000 radnika bilo izlo\u017eeno formaldehidu.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Formaldehid je agens koji senzibilizira ko\u017eu i mo\u017ee izazvati reakciju imunolo\u0161kog sustava pri po\u010detnom izlaganju. Akutno izlaganje jako nadra\u017euje o\u010di, nos i grlo te mo\u017ee uzrokovati ka\u0161alj i piskanje kod svakoga tko je izlo\u017een. Naknadno izlaganje mo\u017ee uzrokovati te\u0161ke alergijske reakcije ko\u017ee, o\u010diju i di\u0161nih putova te mo\u017ee uzrokovati respiratorne probleme sli\u010dne astmi i iritaciju ko\u017ee poput dermatitisa i svrbe\u017ea. Formaldehid je klasificiran kao karcinogeni sastojak kategorije 1B u CLP uredbi, \u0161to zna\u010di da vjerojatno uzrokuje rak plu\u0107a kod ljudi (rak nazofarinksa i mijeloidna leukemija). <\/p>\n

Gdje se javljaju rizici<\/h2>\n

Industrija koja koristi najve\u0107u koli\u010dinu formaldehida u Europi je industrija plo\u010da na bazi drva, budu\u0107i da je on jedna od komponenti veziva i ljepila koja ve\u017eu \u010destice drva, vlakna ili furnire u razli\u010ditim vrstama plo\u010da. Osim toga, izlo\u017eenost formaldehidu javlja se u zdravstvu, pogrebnim djelatnostima, tekstilnoj, ko\u017earskoj i papirnoj industriji. Radnici mogu udisati formaldehid kao plin ili paru ili ga apsorbirati kroz ko\u017eu kao teku\u0107inu tijekom obrade tekstila i proizvodnje smola, na primjer. Osim zdravstvenih djelatnika i medicinskih laboratorijskih tehni\u010dara, skupine s potencijalno visokim rizikom uklju\u010duju radnike u mrtva\u010dnicama, kao i istra\u017eiva\u010de i studente koji rukuju biolo\u0161kim uzorcima konzerviranim formaldehidom ili formalinom. <\/p>\n

Vi\u0161e o supstanci<\/h2>\n

Formaldehid je bezbojan plin jakog mirisa, vrlo hlapljiv i lako zapaljiv, a \u010desto se nalazi u vodenim otopinama (na bazi vode). \u010cesto se koristi kao konzervans u medicinskim laboratorijima i mrtva\u010dnicama, a nalazi se i u mnogim proizvodima poput kemikalija, iverice, ku\u0107anskih proizvoda, ljepila, tkanina za trajno pre\u0161anje, premaza za papirnate proizvode, vlaknastih plo\u010da i \u0161perplo\u010de. Tako\u0111er se \u0161iroko koristi kao industrijski fungicid, germicid i dezinficijens. Formaldehid se prirodno stvara u raznim procesima poput na\u0161eg stani\u010dnog metabolizma ili nepotpunog izgaranja organskog materijala, poput naftnih goriva, \u0161to zna\u010di da u okoli\u0161u uvijek postoji odre\u0111ena pozadinska koncentracija. <\/p>\n

Opasnosti koje se mogu pojaviti<\/h2>\n

Vi\u0161e od 90% formaldehida apsorbira se kroz gornje di\u0161ne \u200b\u200bputove. Akutna izlo\u017eenost formaldehidu mo\u017ee uzrokovati glavobolje i iritaciju di\u0161nih putova, ko\u017ee i o\u010diju. Kroni\u010dna izlo\u017eenost, pri niskim razinama koncentracije u zraku, mo\u017ee uzrokovati respiratorne probleme sli\u010dne astmi, a kontakt s ko\u017eom mo\u017ee uzrokovati iritaciju koja se manifestira kao dermatitis ili svrbe\u017e. Neki su ljudi osjetljiviji na senzibiliziraju\u0107a svojstva od drugih, pa se u\u010dinci izlo\u017eenosti mogu manifestirati druga\u010dije ili se uop\u0107e ne mogu manifestirati kod nekih ljudi.
\n Poznato je da formaldehid uzrokuje rak nosa i grla. \u0160to je ve\u0107a koncentracija izlo\u017eenosti i \u0161to je dulje trajanje izlo\u017eenosti, ve\u0107i je rizik od raka. Izlo\u017eenost formaldehidu mo\u017ee pove\u0107ati vjerojatnost dobivanja raka \u010dak i pri razinama preniskim da bi izazvale simptome. <\/p>\n

Latencija izme\u0111u izlo\u017eenosti i raka nosa povezanog s formaldehidom uvelike varira od 2 godine za neke akutne vrste raka do 15 godina.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0160to mo\u017eete u\u010diniti<\/h2>\n

Naju\u010dinkovitiji na\u010din sprje\u010davanja izlo\u017eenosti je zamjena proizvoda alternativama bez formaldehida gdje je to izvedivo (npr. kao dezinficijens). Ako zamjena nije mogu\u0107a, najbolje rje\u0161enje je kontrola izlo\u017eenosti putem modifikacija dizajna i in\u017eenjeringa, kao \u0161to su zatvoreni sustavi i ugradnja lokalne ispu\u0161ne ventilacije tamo gdje mogu do\u0107i do emisija. Ozna\u010dite sve smjese ili otopine koje sadr\u017ee formaldehid iznad granice za klasifikaciju smjese prema CLP-u. Povremeno provodite odgovaraju\u0107a mjerenja izlo\u017eenosti kako bi se znalo kada i gdje treba poduzeti mjere. Kontinuirano osvje\u0161tavajte radnike o u\u010dincima izlo\u017eenosti i informirajte ih te ih obu\u010dite o opasnostima, sigurnim radnim praksama i u\u010dinkovitim higijenskim mjerama. Preporu\u010duje se uklju\u010divanje lije\u010dnika medicine rada i poticanje radnika da prijavljuju respiratorne simptome. Osobna za\u0161titna oprema, poput respiratora, kratkoro\u010dno je rje\u0161enje za smanjenje izlo\u017eenosti i treba se koristiti samo kao krajnja mjera. <\/p>\n

Izvori: ECHA, IARC, SCOEL<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[4266],"class_list":["post-82774","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-formaldehid-hr"],"yoast_head":"\nFormaldehid - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Formaldehid je agens koji senzibilizira ko\u017eu i mo\u017ee izazvati reakciju imunolo\u0161kog sustava pri po\u010detnom izlaganju. 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