{"id":82781,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:21","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/kadmijevi-spojevi\/"},"modified":"2025-09-04T13:10:21","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T13:10:21","slug":"kadmijevi-spojevi","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/hr\/fact\/kadmijevi-spojevi\/","title":{"rendered":"Kadmijevi spojevi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Procjenjuje se da je u EU 10 000 radnika potencijalno izlo\u017eeno kadmiju i njegovim spojevima. Izlo\u017eenost opasnim razinama kadmija mo\u017ee se pojaviti na poslovima na kojima su radnici izlo\u017eeni kadmijevoj pra\u0161ini ili parama. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Radnici mogu biti izlo\u017eeni kadmiju tijekom taljenja i rafiniranja metala ili iz zraka u industrijskim pogonima koji proizvode baterije, premaze ili plastiku. Pra\u0161ina i isparenja mogu se pojaviti i kada se spojevi ili povr\u0161ine koje sadr\u017ee kadmij zagrijavaju ili gdje radnici zavaruju, re\u017eu ili leme materijale koji sadr\u017ee kadmij. Glavni putovi izlo\u017eenosti su udisanje, iako mo\u017ee do\u0107i do slu\u010dajnog gutanja pra\u0161ine s kontaminiranih ruku. Kadmij i kadmijevi spojevi klasificirani su kao karcinogeni kategorije 1B prema CLP uredbi, \u0161to zna\u010di da mogu uzrokovati rak kod ljudi. Kadmij i kadmijevi spojevi uzrokuju rak plu\u0107a, ali uo\u010den je i rak bubrega i prostate. <\/p>\n

Gdje se javljaju rizici<\/h2>\n

Radnici u mnogim industrijama suo\u010davaju se s potencijalnom izlo\u017eeno\u0161\u0107u kadmiju. Potencijal za izlo\u017eenost najve\u0107i je me\u0111u radnicima u proizvodnji i rafiniranju kadmija, proizvodnji Ni-Cd baterija, galvanizaciji, proizvodnji pigmenata i zavarivanju. Izlo\u017eeni radnici uglavnom se nalaze u gra\u0111evinarstvu, proizvodnji metalnih proizvoda (posebno baterija), industriji obojenih metala i proizvodnji plasti\u010dnih proizvoda poput okvira za prozore. <\/p>\n

Vi\u0161e o supstanci<\/h2>\n

Kadmij je prirodni element koji se nalazi u Zemljinoj kori. Metal kadmij ima specifi\u010dna svojstva poput otpornosti na koroziju, niske temperature taljenja, visoke toplinske i elektri\u010dne vodljivosti. Ta ga svojstva \u010dine pogodnim za \u0161irok raspon industrijskih primjena. Meki, bez mirisa, srebrno-bijeli metal prvi se put koristio u pigmentima boja i kao zamjena za kositar. Danas se oko tri \u010detvrtine kadmija koristi kao komponenta elektroda u alkalnim baterijama. Ostatak se koristi u pigmentima, premazima, galvaniziranim povr\u0161inama i kao stabilizator za plastiku. <\/p>\n

Opasnosti koje se mogu pojaviti<\/h2>\n

Izlo\u017eenost kadmiju mo\u017ee uzrokovati iritaciju sluznice nosa i gornjih di\u0161nih putova. Akutna udisajna izlo\u017eenost (visoke razine tijekom kratkog vremenskog razdoblja) mo\u017ee rezultirati simptomima sli\u010dnim gripi (zimica, vru\u0107ica i bol u mi\u0161i\u0107ima) i mo\u017ee o\u0161tetiti plu\u0107a. Kroni\u010dna izlo\u017eenost (niska razina tijekom duljeg vremenskog razdoblja) mo\u017ee rezultirati bolestima bubrega, prostate i plu\u0107a. Primarni i najozbiljniji \u0161tetni u\u010dinci dugotrajne izlo\u017eenosti kadmiju na zdravlje uklju\u010duju disfunkciju bubrega, rak plu\u0107a i rak prostate. <\/p>\n

Latencija izme\u0111u izlo\u017eenosti kadmiju i raka povezanog s kadmijem iznosi otprilike 10 godina.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0160to mo\u017eete u\u010diniti<\/h2>\n

Naju\u010dinkovitiji na\u010din sprje\u010davanja izlo\u017eenosti je zamjena proizvoda alternativama bez kadmija ili s ni\u017eom koncentracijom kadmija. Odr\u017eive, manje toksi\u010dne alternative kadmiju dostupne su za punjive baterije (nikal-metal hidrid), prevlake (cink, aluminij nanesen parom), pigmente (cerijev sulfid) i stabilizatore plastike. Ako se proizvodi koji sadr\u017ee kadmij ne mogu zamijeniti, smanjite izlo\u017eenost kadmiju na minimum in\u017eenjerskim kontrolama kao \u0161to su zatvoreni sustavi, op\u0107a ventilacija i u\u010dinkovita lokalna ispu\u0161na ventilacija tamo gdje se mogu pojaviti emisije. Povremeno provodite reprezentativna mjerenja izlo\u017eenosti kako biste znali kada treba poduzeti mjere. Istra\u017eite prijavljuju li radnici rane simptome i uklju\u010dite lije\u010dnika medicine rada. Budu\u0107i da je kadmij kumulativni toksin, biolo\u0161ko pra\u0107enje kadmija u mokra\u0107i dobar je pokazatelj koji podr\u017eava procjenu izlo\u017eenosti za ukupno tjelesno optere\u0107enje i predstavlja prikladan parametar za sprje\u010davanje o\u0161te\u0107enja bubrega. Radnike kontinuirano osvje\u0161tavajte o u\u010dincima izlo\u017eenosti. Administrativne mjere uklju\u010duju ograni\u010davanje vremena koje radnik obavlja u zadacima koji uklju\u010duju potencijalnu izlo\u017eenost kadmiju. <\/p>\n

Osim toga, obu\u010dite radnike o opasnostima, sigurnim radnim praksama i u\u010dinkovitim higijenskim mjerama. Dopunite to osobnom za\u0161titnom opremom tamo gdje izvedive kontrole nisu dovoljne za smanjenje izlo\u017eenosti ispod granica izlo\u017eenosti. Osobnu za\u0161titnu opremu treba koristiti samo kao krajnje rje\u0161enje, nakon \u0161to su iscrpljena mogu\u0107a tehni\u010dka rje\u0161enja. Budu\u0107i da do gutanja kadmija mo\u017ee do\u0107i zbog kontakta ruku i usta nakon kontaminacije ko\u017ee, \u0161to je vi\u0161e mogu\u0107e sprije\u010dite kontakt s ko\u017eom i posebno vodite ra\u010duna o osobnoj higijeni. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[4552],"class_list":["post-82781","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-kadmijevi-spojevi"],"yoast_head":"\nKadmijevi spojevi - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Procjenjuje se da je u EU 10 000 radnika potencijalno izlo\u017eeno kadmiju i njegovim spojevima.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/hr\/fact\/kadmijevi-spojevi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hr_HR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kadmijevi spojevi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Procjenjuje se da je u EU 10 000 radnika potencijalno izlo\u017eeno kadmiju i njegovim spojevima.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/hr\/fact\/kadmijevi-spojevi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"STOP carcinogens at work\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-09-04T13:10:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Procijenjeno vrijeme \u010ditanja\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/hr\\\/fact\\\/kadmijevi-spojevi\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/hr\\\/fact\\\/kadmijevi-spojevi\\\/\",\"name\":\"Kadmijevi spojevi - 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