{"id":82783,"date":"2024-01-04T09:27:50","date_gmt":"2024-01-04T09:27:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/o-toluidin\/"},"modified":"2026-06-30T12:57:44","modified_gmt":"2026-06-30T12:57:44","slug":"o-toluidin","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/hr\/fact\/o-toluidin\/","title":{"rendered":"o-toluidin"},"content":{"rendered":"

Procjene trenutnog broja radnika izlo\u017eenih orto-toluidinu (o-toluidinu) u EU nisu dostupne. U 2011. godini, na temelju podataka iz 2006.\/2007., procijenjeno je da je 5500 radnika bilo izlo\u017eeno, od \u010dega 3100 u proizvodnji kemikalija, kemijskih proizvoda i umjetnih vlakana ili proizvodnji gumenih proizvoda. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Izlo\u017eenost se javlja uglavnom udisanjem i apsorpcijom kroz ko\u017eu; nije potreban izravan kontakt s ko\u017eom. Mogu\u0107a je i apsorpcija gutanjem i kontaktom s o\u010dima. <\/p>\n

o-toluidin je klasificiran kao uskla\u0111eni unos prema CLP uredbi u kategoriji karcinogenosti 1B (pretpostavljeni karcinogeni potencijal za ljude uglavnom se temelji na dokazima dobivenim na pokusnim \u017eivotinjama). Kod ljudi o-toluidin mo\u017ee uzrokovati rak mokra\u0107nog mjehura. Prodiranje kroz ko\u017eu mo\u017ee doprinijeti ukupnom optere\u0107enju tijela. <\/p>\n

Gdje se javljaju rizici<\/h2>\n

Izlo\u017eenost o-toluidinu je povijesno bila mnogo ve\u0107a, ali se i danas mo\u017ee pojaviti u nekoliko profesionalnih okru\u017eenja, posebno u kemijskoj industriji tijekom proizvodnje, prerade, uzorkovanja ili prijenosa o-toluidina ili prilikom njegove upotrebe kao me\u0111uprodukta, posebno u proizvodnji bojila i u proizvodnji sredstava za za\u0161titu bilja. Druge situacije izlo\u017eenosti mogu se pojaviti zbog osloba\u0111anja azo bojila ili bojila koja se koriste u tekstilu, tiskarskim bojama, plastici, mazivima i proizvodima od mineralnog ulja; osloba\u0111anja iz aditiva tijekom termi\u010dkih procesa poput vulkanizacije; termi\u010dke razgradnje organskih veziva, posebno u procesima lijevanja; rukovanja ili zagrijavanja materijala koji sadr\u017ee katran; laboratorijskih i istra\u017eiva\u010dkih aktivnosti. <\/p>\n

Vi\u0161e o supstanci<\/h2>\n

o-Toluidin se industrijski proizvodi nitracijom toluena daju\u0107i smjesu nitrotoluena; najva\u017eniji je od tri izomerna toluidina. To je bezbojna teku\u0107ina iako su komercijalni uzorci \u010desto \u017eu\u0107kasti. o-Toluidin je me\u0111uprodukt u biorazgradnji o-nitrotoluena i stoga se otkriva na biv\u0161im mjestima streljiva. o-Toluidin nastaje tijekom pirolize.
\n Nije poznata izravna upotreba o-toluidina od strane potro\u0161a\u010da jer je zabranjen u kozmetici Uredbom EU o kozmetici. Upotreba azo bojila koja osloba\u0111aju o-toluidin tijekom razgradnje nije dopu\u0161tena za tekstil i druge potro\u0161a\u010dke artikle u EU. Stoga se \u010dini da je izlo\u017eenost potro\u0161a\u010da i okoli\u0161a zbog osloba\u0111anja iz potro\u0161a\u010dkih proizvoda zanemariva. <\/p>\n

Za o-toluidin na snazi \u200b\u200bje obvezuju\u0107a grani\u010dna vrijednost izlo\u017eenosti na radu od 0,5 mg\/m\u00b3 u zraku na razini cijele EU.<\/p>\n

Zdravstveni rizici koji se mogu pojaviti<\/h2>\n

o-Toluidin se dobro apsorbira nakon udisanja i putem ko\u017ee. Oralna izlo\u017eenost nije relevantna na radnom mjestu.
\n Nema izvje\u0161\u0107a o u\u010dincima nakon akutne izlo\u017eenosti, ali na temelju podataka o pokusima na \u017eivotinjama pretpostavlja se akutni nadra\u017euju\u0107i u\u010dinak na o\u010di i ko\u017eu. <\/p>\n

Rak mokra\u0107nog mjehura smatra se relevantnim zdravstvenim u\u010dinkom kod ljudi. U nekim dr\u017eavama \u010dlanicama ovo je priznata profesionalna bolest povezana s prethodnom izlo\u017eeno\u0161\u0107u o-toluidinu. <\/p>\n

Latentno razdoblje izme\u0111u izlo\u017eenosti i pojave raka mokra\u0107nog mjehura povezanog s o-toluidinom uvelike varira, ali se obi\u010dno smatra da je unutar 15 do 40 godina.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0160to mo\u017eete u\u010diniti<\/h2>\n

Zamjenu treba razmotriti u primjenama gdje je to izvedivo. Kako bi se izbjegli \u0161tetni u\u010dinci na zdravlje, od najve\u0107e je va\u017enosti smanjiti izlo\u017eenost ispod obvezuju\u0107e grani\u010dne vrijednosti izlo\u017eenosti na radu ili grani\u010dne vrijednosti utemeljene na zdravlju. U industrijskim procesima, primjeri tehni\u010dkih kontrolnih mjera su zatvoreni sustavi, op\u0107a ispu\u0161na i lokalna ispu\u0161na ventilacija. \u010cak i pri radu sa zatvorenim sustavima, izlo\u017eenost mo\u017ee do\u0107i, npr. tijekom zadataka uzorkovanja ili odr\u017eavanja. Mjerenja i kontrolne mjere su tamo relevantne. Druge preporu\u010dene radne prakse uklju\u010duju pru\u017eanje informacija o opasnostima i obuku zaposlenicima te op\u0107e standarde higijene rada za podru\u010dja rukovanja kemikalijama. Radnici na odr\u017eavanju i \u010di\u0161\u0107enju tako\u0111er bi trebali biti obu\u010deni. Preporu\u010duje se uklju\u010divanje lije\u010dnika medicine rada. Imajte na umu da procjenu izlo\u017eenosti treba podr\u017eati biomonitoringom, ako je primjenjivo prema nacionalnom zakonodavstvu, jer se o-toluidin dobro apsorbira putem ko\u017ee. Radnici moraju biti svjesni u\u010dinaka izlo\u017eenosti. Osobna za\u0161titna oprema treba se koristiti samo kao krajnja mjera, nakon uvo\u0111enja mogu\u0107ih in\u017eenjerskih rje\u0161enja. <\/p>\n

Reference: ECHA, IOM, SCOEL<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[4839],"class_list":["post-82783","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-o-toluidin-hr"],"yoast_head":"\no-toluidin - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! We collected all the important information these causing substances in easy-to-understand factsheets.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/hr\/fact\/o-toluidin\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hr_HR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"o-toluidin\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! 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