{"id":82784,"date":"2024-01-04T09:28:32","date_gmt":"2024-01-04T09:28:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/vatrostalna-keramicka-vlakna\/"},"modified":"2026-04-13T12:57:32","modified_gmt":"2026-04-13T12:57:32","slug":"vatrostalna-keramicka-vlakna","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/hr\/fact\/vatrostalna-keramicka-vlakna\/","title":{"rendered":"Vatrostalna kerami\u010dka vlakna"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Prema najnovijim procjenama, oko 25 000 zaposlenika u EU potencijalno je izlo\u017eeno vatrostalnim kerami\u010dkim vlaknima (RCF). Glavni put izlo\u017eenosti povezan s radom je udisanje vlakana u zraku. RCF-ovi su klasificirani kao karcinogeni kategorije 1B prema europskoj uredbi CLP (EZ 1272\/2008), \u0161to zna\u010di da se za te tvari pretpostavlja da imaju karcinogeni potencijal za ljude na temelju dokaza na \u017eivotinjama. Ponavljana ili dugotrajna izlo\u017eenost RCF-ovima udisanjem mo\u017ee pove\u0107ati rizik od raka plu\u0107a i drugih kroni\u010dnih plu\u0107nih bolesti. <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Gdje se javljaju rizici<\/h2>\n

RCF-ovi su industrijski proizvodi koji se koriste kao izolacijski materijali u primjenama na visokim temperaturama u nekoliko industrijskih sektora. Njihova glavna primjena je kao materijali za oblaganje pe\u0107i i kotlova. Glavni potro\u0161a\u010di RCF-a uklju\u010duju kemijsku, industriju gnojiva, petrokemijsku, \u010deli\u010dnu, staklarsku, kerami\u010dku, cementnu, ljevaonicu i kova\u010dku industriju. Udisanje je najva\u017eniji put izlo\u017eenosti RCF-ovima tijekom proizvodnje i procesa krajnjeg korisnika. U industriji proizvodnje RCF-ova, izlo\u017eenost RCF-u mo\u017ee se dogoditi tijekom procesa mije\u0161anja i oblikovanja, rezanja ili strojne obrade materijala te tijekom procesa u kojima se RCF-ovi kombiniraju ili sastavljaju s drugim materijalima. <\/p>\n

Na lokacijama krajnjih korisnika, izlo\u017eenost RCF-ovima mo\u017ee se pojaviti prilikom ugradnje visokotemperaturnih izolacijskih materijala, rada strojeva i pe\u0107i, pregleda i odr\u017eavanja pe\u0107i te uklanjanja materijala koji sadr\u017ee RCF. Uklanjanje RCF izolacijskog materijala iz industrijskih pe\u0107i i zidova rezultiralo je nekim od najvi\u0161ih koncentracija u zraku izmjerenih u radnim okru\u017eenjima. <\/p>\n

Vi\u0161e o supstanci<\/h2>\n

RCF-ovi su obi\u010dno bijeli ili sivi vlaknasti materijali koji se isporu\u010duju u rasutom stanju, obliku pokriva\u010da ili su sadr\u017eani u \u010dvrstom proizvodu. Pojedina\u010dna RCF vlakna nisu vidljiva golim okom jer su im prosje\u010dni promjeri u niskom mikrometarskom rasponu. RCF-ovi pripadaju klasi materijala koji se nazivaju sinteti\u010dka staklasta vlakna (SVF). Kemijski, SVF-ovi se uglavnom sastoje od silikatnih minerala. SVF-ovi se razlikuju od prirodnih mineralnih vlakana poput azbesta po tome \u0161to imaju amorfnu (nekristalnu) strukturu i obi\u010dno su manje izdr\u017eljivi. <\/p>\n

Ovisno o sirovini i namjeni, SVF-ovi sadr\u017ee razli\u010dite koli\u010dine metalnih oksida. RCF-ovi imaju visok sadr\u017eaj aluminijevog oksida, \u0161to im omogu\u0107uje da izdr\u017ee izuzetno visoke temperature. RCF-ovi su op\u0107enito postojaniji od drugih SVF-ova u biolo\u0161kim okru\u017eenjima poput plu\u0107a. Struktura RCF-ova mo\u017ee se djelomi\u010dno promijeniti iz amorfnog u kristalni oblik nakon \u0161to je izlo\u017eena visokim temperaturama (ve\u0107im od 1000 \u00b0C) dulje vrijeme. Stoga, tijekom radova odr\u017eavanja i ru\u0161enja, kada je obloga RCF-a poreme\u0107ena, radnici mogu biti izlo\u017eeni i RCF-u i kristalnom silicijevom dioksidu. <\/p>\n

Opasnosti koje se mogu pojaviti<\/h2>\n

Prema europskoj uredbi CLP, RCF-ovi su klasificirani kao karcinogeni kategorije 1B. To se temelji na dokazima dobivenim pokusima na \u017eivotinjama koji upu\u0107uju na to da ponovljena ili dugotrajna izlo\u017eenost inhalaciji RCF-ova mo\u017ee uzrokovati pove\u0107ani rizik od raka plu\u0107a, pleuralnog mezotelioma i drugih kroni\u010dnih plu\u0107nih bolesti. <\/p>\n

Kratkoro\u010dni u\u010dinci udisanja RCF-ova mogu uklju\u010divati \u200b\u200biritaciju di\u0161nih putova, poput grlobolje, za\u010depljenosti nosa i ka\u0161lja. Izlo\u017eenost ko\u017ee RCF-ovima mo\u017ee rezultirati kontaktnim dermatitisom i svrbe\u017eom. Vlakna se tako\u0111er mogu prenijeti u o\u010di, na primjer putem ruku, uzrokuju\u0107i iritaciju. <\/p>\n

Potencijal RCF-a da uzrokuju u\u010dinke na plu\u0107a ovisi o njihovim fizikalnim i kemijskim svojstvima, od kojih su najva\u017enija promjer vlakana, duljina i topljivost u biolo\u0161kim teku\u0107inama. To su klju\u010dne zna\u010dajke koje odre\u0111uju transport i perzistenciju (vrijeme zadr\u017eavanja) vlakana u plu\u0107ima, a time i njihovu toksi\u010dnost. O\u010dekuje se da \u0107e razdoblje latencije izme\u0111u izlo\u017eenosti RCF-u i povezanih karcinoma biti dugo, do 20-30 godina. <\/p>\n

\u0160to mo\u017eete u\u010diniti<\/h2>\n

Primarno razmatranje mora biti je li zamjena RCF-a u proizvodima tehni\u010dki mogu\u0107a. Primjeri zamjena su vune od zemnoalkalijskih silikata (AES) s ni\u017eom bioperzistencijom ili lagani nevlaknasti vatrostalni proizvodi. Tehni\u010dka prikladnost zamjena uvelike ovisi o potrebnim toplinskim i mehani\u010dkim svojstvima ili kemijskoj i mehani\u010dkoj otpornosti. Ako zamjena nije mogu\u0107a, preporu\u010duje se kori\u0161tenje prikladnih oblika proizvoda, kao \u0161to su prethodno sastavljeni proizvodi, laminirani proizvodi, oblikovani dijelovi ili radni postupci koji poma\u017eu u smanjenju stvaranja pra\u0161ine. <\/p>\n

\u0160irenje RCF vlakana mo\u017ee se smanjiti zatvaranjem pra\u0161njavih procesa i kori\u0161tenjem u\u010dinkovite ispu\u0161ne ventilacije. Vlaknasti materijali trebaju biti omotani kada se ne koriste i s njima treba rukovati \u0161to je manje mogu\u0107e. Preporu\u010duje se temeljito vla\u017eenje materijala prije uklanjanja kako bi se smanjila koli\u010dina vlakana u zraku. Podru\u010dja gdje mo\u017ee do\u0107i do izlo\u017eenosti trebaju biti ozna\u010dena i odvojena od ostalih radnih podru\u010dja. <\/p>\n

Poslodavci bi trebali provoditi redovite procjene izlo\u017eenosti osobnim uzorkovanjem i\/ili stacionarnim mjerenjima kako bi provjerili jesu li za\u0161titne mjere u\u010dinkovite ili je potrebno poduzeti daljnje mjere. Radnike treba redovito osposobljavati o kontrolnim mjerama potrebnim za siguran rad s RCF-ovima kako bi se sprije\u010dila izlo\u017eenost. <\/p>\n

Jedenje, pu\u0161enje i pi\u0107e u podru\u010djima gdje postoji rizik od kontaminacije RCF-om treba zabraniti. Pauze treba praviti u odvojenom, odre\u0111enom \u010distom prostoru, a osobnu za\u0161titnu opremu treba skinuti i oprati ruke prije jela. Treba osigurati prostorije za pranje kako bi radnici mogli odr\u017eavati odgovaraju\u0107i standard osobne higijene. <\/p>\n

Kako bi se sprije\u010dila sekundarna izlo\u017eenost istalo\u017eenim vlaknima, va\u017eno je odr\u017eavati radno mjesto urednim. \u010ci\u0161\u0107enje treba provoditi metodom koja sprje\u010dava \u0161irenje vlakana. Usisava\u010di trebaju biti opremljeni visokou\u010dinkovitom HEPA filtracijom. <\/p>\n

Radnici bi trebali imati odgovaraju\u0107u osobnu za\u0161titnu opremu, uklju\u010duju\u0107i opremu za za\u0161titu di\u0161nih puteva, za\u0161titnu odje\u0107u, rukavice i za\u0161titne nao\u010dale pri rukovanju RCF materijalima. Za\u0161titnu opremu treba ukloniti na unaprijed odre\u0111eni na\u010din (respiratornu opremu treba ukloniti posljednju), redovito \u010distiti i skladi\u0161titi na na\u010din koji sprje\u010dava kontaminaciju vlaknima. <\/p>\n

Izvori: ECHA, ILO, NIOSH, BAuA<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[4721],"class_list":["post-82784","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-vatrostalna-keramicka-vlakna"],"yoast_head":"\nVatrostalna kerami\u010dka vlakna - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! We collected all the important information these causing substances in easy-to-understand factsheets.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/hr\/fact\/vatrostalna-keramicka-vlakna\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hr_HR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Vatrostalna kerami\u010dka vlakna\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! 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