{"id":82789,"date":"2025-03-18T07:29:25","date_gmt":"2025-03-18T07:29:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/oksimi\/"},"modified":"2025-09-04T13:03:16","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T13:03:16","slug":"oksimi","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/hr\/fact\/oksimi\/","title":{"rendered":"Oksimi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Procjenjuje se da je do 700 000 radnika u EU izlo\u017eeno oksimima. Oksimi se koriste u teku\u0107im bojama i premazima (gdje djeluju kao sredstva protiv stvaranja ko\u017eice) i u nekim vrstama brtvila na bazi silana. Budu\u0107i da su hlapljivi, glavni put izlo\u017eenosti je udisanje. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Oksimi opisuju obitelj tvari. Oksimi metiletilketoksim ili 2-butanon oksim (MEKO) i aceton oksim koji se koriste u bojama, lakovima i brtvilima klasificirani su kao karcinogeni kategorije 1B prema CLP uredbi. MEKO je dalje klasificiran prema specifi\u010dnoj toksi\u010dnosti za ciljne organe s u\u010dincima na gornje di\u0161ne \u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bputove (STOT SE 1, H370) i \u200b\u200bkrvni sustav (STOT RE 2, H373) pri produljenoj ili ponovljenoj izlo\u017eenosti. Sli\u010dni u\u010dinci na krvni sustav uo\u010deni su za aceton oksim i druge oksime. <\/p>\n

Gdje se javljaju rizici<\/h2>\n

Profesionalna izlo\u017eenost uglavnom se javlja tijekom faze nano\u0161enja teku\u0107ih boja i premaza kada otapala isparavaju. Tipi\u010dno, nano\u0161enje boja i premaza odvija se u vidnom polju radnika, koje se nalazi u zoni disanja, tako da je izlo\u017eenost parama visoka. U slu\u010daju silana koji osloba\u0111aju oksim, oksimi se kontinuirano osloba\u0111aju tijekom faze stvrdnjavanja dok se brtvila potpuno ne stvrdnu. Visoka izlo\u017eenost mo\u017ee se o\u010dekivati u sektoru bojanja i lakiranja te u prskanju i lakiranju motornih vozila. Posljedi\u010dno, zanimanja s visokim rizikom od izlo\u017eenosti oksimima su slikari, lakiri motornih vozila (prilikom bojanja), ali i vodoinstalateri i monteri pri kori\u0161tenju brtvila koja osloba\u0111aju oksim. Nadalje, druga zanimanja mogu biti u opasnosti kada ulaze u radna podru\u010dja u kojima su prethodno kori\u0161teni proizvodi koji sadr\u017ee oksim i jo\u0161 uvijek isparavaju. <\/p>\n

Vi\u0161e o supstanci<\/h2>\n

Oksimi su bezbojne, hlapljive teku\u0107ine aromati\u010dnog mirisa. Naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e kori\u0161teni oksimi su 2-butanon oksim (MEKO), aceton oksim, 2-pentanon oksim (MPKO) i 4-metilpentanon oksim (MIBKO). Me\u0111utim, gotovo se nikada ne koriste u \u010distom obliku, ve\u0107 u niskim koncentracijama (obi\u010dno< 1%) kao sredstva protiv stvaranja ko\u017eice u (uglavnom alkilnim) bojama i premazima ili u vezanom obliku u silanskim brtvilima koja osloba\u0111aju oksim. <\/p>\n

Opasnosti koje se mogu pojaviti<\/h2>\n

Zasad nema dostupnih epidemiolo\u0161kih podataka o toksikolo\u0161kim u\u010dincima bilo kojeg oksima kod ljudi. U studijama na \u017eivotinjama, glavni ciljni organi su jetra, slezena i krvotok nakon oralne ili inhalacijske izlo\u017eenosti oksimima. Osim toga, kod MEKO-a su uo\u010deni prolazni narkoti\u010dki u\u010dinci i iritacija ko\u017ee. Treba napomenuti da su nakon dermalne izlo\u017eenosti MEKO-u mogu\u0107e alergijske reakcije na ko\u017ei. Do danas su samo MEKO i aceton oksim uskla\u0111eni kao Carc. 1B (pretpostavlja se da je kancerogen za ljude). Za MPKO, MIBKO i cikloheksanon oksim, koji se koriste kao alternativni oksimi za MEKO i aceton oksim, do danas nema odgovaraju\u0107ih podataka koji bi opravdali CLH klasifikaciju kao kancerogenog. Nakon udisanja MEKO-a, \u017eivotinje su razvile rak jetre, a enzimski put se mo\u017ee pretpostaviti i kod ljudi. <\/p>\n

Trenutno nedostaju dokazi o raku jetre kod ljudi na temelju izlo\u017eenosti MEKO-u i mogu\u0107eg latentnog razdoblja.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0160to mo\u017eete u\u010diniti<\/h2>\n

Naju\u010dinkovitiji na\u010din sprje\u010davanja izlo\u017eenosti i potencijalnog raka jetre je zamjena sigurnijim alternativama bez oksima. Za oksime u bojama i lakovima, alternativni sustavi boja mogli bi biti opcija, kao \u0161to su boje na bazi vode i akrilni ili poliuretanski (PU) sustavi. Na tr\u017ei\u0161tu su dostupna alternativna sredstva protiv stvaranja ko\u017eice za boje na bazi otapala koja sadr\u017ee aminske spojeve. Za silikonska brtvila dostupne su alternative bez oksima kao \u0161to su acetoksi-, benzamid-, amin-, alkoksi- i laktatni esterski sustavi. Silikonska brtvila s alternativnim bazama (npr. poliuretan ili polimer s terminiranim silanom (STP)) tako\u0111er su primjenjiva. Tamo gdje zamjena oksima nije mogu\u0107a i upotreba oksima se ne mo\u017ee izbje\u0107i, moraju se poduzeti mjere za smanjenje izlo\u017eenosti. Naju\u010dinkovitiji na\u010din izbjegavanja izlo\u017eenosti je razvoj i kori\u0161tenje zatvorenih sustava. Tamo gdje to nije mogu\u0107e, treba provesti tehni\u010dke mjere poput u\u010dinkovite lokalne ispu\u0161ne ventilacije ili dobre ventilacije radnog mjesta, kao i provjeru njihove u\u010dinkovitosti kako bi se osiguralo da se izlo\u017eenost parama s oksimima iz boja ili brtvila svede na najmanju mogu\u0107u mjeru.
\n Redovito provodite procjene izlo\u017eenosti kako biste provjerili jesu li va\u0161e za\u0161titne mjere u\u010dinkovite ili je potrebno poduzeti daljnje mjere. Radnici moraju biti svjesni potencijalnih u\u010dinaka izlo\u017eenosti i trebaju se redovito obu\u010davati o kontrolnim mjerama potrebnim za siguran rad s oksimima kako bi se sprije\u010dila izlo\u017eenost. Treba ih poticati da prijave rane simptome poput vrtoglavice, iritacije ko\u017ee i alergija na ko\u017ei. Preporu\u010duje se uklju\u010divanje lije\u010dnika medicine rada. Osim toga, obu\u010dite radnike o u\u010dinkovitim higijenskim mjerama. <\/p>\n

Osigurajte da radnici imaju odgovaraju\u0107u osobnu za\u0161titnu opremu, poput za\u0161titne odje\u0107e i rukavica, ako je potrebno. Osobna za\u0161titna oprema (OZO) treba se koristiti samo kao krajnje rje\u0161enje i razmatrati samo privremeno, nakon \u0161to su iscrpljena sva mogu\u0107a tehni\u010dka rje\u0161enja. Ako se koristi OZO za vi\u0161ekratnu upotrebu, pazite da se ukloni na predvi\u0111eni na\u010din (na kraju respiratorna oprema), redovito \u010disti i pohranjuje na na\u010din koji sprje\u010dava kontaminaciju. <\/p>\n

Literatura: BAuA, CLP, BG BAU<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[6698],"class_list":["post-82789","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-oksimi"],"yoast_head":"\nOksimi - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Procjenjuje se da je do 700 000 radnika u EU izlo\u017eeno oksimima. Oksimi se koriste u teku\u0107im bojama i premazima te u brtvilima na bazi silana.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/hr\/fact\/oksimi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hr_HR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Oksimi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Procjenjuje se da je do 700 000 radnika u EU izlo\u017eeno oksimima. 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