{"id":82801,"date":"2024-01-04T09:21:22","date_gmt":"2024-01-04T09:21:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/44-metilen-bis2-kloroanilin-moca\/"},"modified":"2024-01-04T09:21:22","modified_gmt":"2024-01-04T09:21:22","slug":"44-metilen-bis2-kloroanilin-moca","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/hr\/fact\/44-metilen-bis2-kloroanilin-moca\/","title":{"rendered":"4,4-metilen-bis(2-kloroanilin) (MOCA)"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p>Procjene iz 2017. pretpostavljale su da je 2500 radnika potencijalno bilo izlo\u017eeno MOCA-i (metilen-bis-[2-kloroanilin]) diljem EU-a. Budu\u0107i da su se obveze autorizacije za tvar prema uredbi REACH promijenile, mo\u017ee se pretpostaviti da su se upotrebe jo\u0161 vi\u0161e smanjile (prijave pokazuju&lt; 100 radnika). Izlo\u017eenost MOCA-i doga\u0111a se uglavnom putem apsorpcije tvari kroz ko\u017eu. Tvar ima uskla\u0111enu klasifikaciju kao Carc. 1B (tvari za koje se pretpostavlja da imaju kancerogeni potencijal za ljude, uglavnom na temelju dokaza na \u017eivotinjama) prema Uredbi CLP.    <\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Vjerojatna meta karcinogenosti kod ljudi je urotelij mokra\u0107nog mjehura koji uzrokuje rak mokra\u0107nog mjehura.<\/p>\n<h2>Gdje se javljaju rizici<\/h2>\n<p>Glavni sektor u kojem dolazi do izlo\u017eenosti jest formuliranje i proizvodnja visokou\u010dinkovitih poliuretanskih proizvoda, npr. vru\u0107e lijevanih poliuretanskih proizvoda, visokou\u010dinkovitih poliuretana posebno za te\u0161ke valjke, zatezne plo\u010dice i opru\u017ene blokove te za valjke izra\u0111ene po narud\u017ebi. Zadaci s visokim rizikom od izlo\u017eenosti MOCA uklju\u010duju vaganje MOCA peleta, taljenje MOCA, doziranje rastaljene MOCA i mije\u0161anje rastaljene MOCA s prepolimerom. U azijsko-pacifi\u010dkoj regiji tako\u0111er se koristi kao sredstvo za su\u0161enje u krovopokriva\u010dkim i drvenim brtvljenjima.  <\/p>\n<h2>Vi\u0161e o supstanci<\/h2>\n<p>Iako je \u010disti MOCA bezbojna kristalna krutina, naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e kori\u0161teni oblici (industrijske kvalitete) su \u017eu\u0107kastosme\u0111e pelete ili pahuljice. Ima slab miris amina, vrlo nisku topljivost u vodi i mo\u017ee eksplodirati pri zagrijavanju. <\/p>\n<h2>Opasnosti koje se mogu pojaviti<\/h2>\n<p>Zbog rukovanja, MOCA se apsorbira i kroz ko\u017eu i kroz di\u0161ne \u200b\u200bputove. Apsorpcija kroz ko\u017eu mogu\u0107a je zbog lipofilnosti MOCA-e, relativno male molekularne veli\u010dine i prisutnosti reaktivnih amino skupina. Najvi\u0161e koncentracije mjere se u jetri. Ve\u0107ina apsorbirane tvari izlu\u010duje se unutar nekoliko dana urinom i stolicom.   <\/p>\n<p>Akutna visoka i slu\u010dajna izlaganja mogu dovesti do iritacije i peckanja ko\u017ee i o\u010diju, mu\u010dnine te gastrointestinalnih i bubre\u017enih u\u010dinaka. EU je tako\u0111er postavio \u201eoznaku za ko\u017eu\u201c za MOCA koja ukazuje na to da dermalna izlo\u017eenost mo\u017ee zna\u010dajno doprinijeti ukupnoj izlo\u017eenosti. <\/p>\n<p>Kroni\u010dna izlo\u017eenost MOCA-i mo\u017ee uzrokovati rak mokra\u0107nog mjehura.  <strong>Latencija izme\u0111u izlo\u017eenosti i pojave raka mokra\u0107nog mjehura povezanog s MOCA-om u prosjeku je 11,5 godina, a mo\u017ee trajati i do 45 godina.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>\u0160to mo\u017eete u\u010diniti<\/h2>\n<p>Zamjenu treba razmotriti u primjenama gdje je to izvedivo. Ako alternative nisu dostupne ili se MOCA mo\u017ee pojaviti kao nusprodukt, redovito provodite procjenu izlo\u017eenosti kako biste znali kada treba poduzeti mjere. <\/p>\n<p>Za upotrebu MOCA u proizvodnji poliuretana trebaju postojati strogi uvjeti. Posebno se zahtijeva dobro op\u0107e odr\u017eavanje \u010disto\u0107e na svim lokacijama, a radnici bi trebali preuzeti odgovornost za vlastito radno podru\u010dje i \u010distiti podove itd. Pristup podru\u010djima gdje se koristi MOCA mora biti ograni\u010den na ovla\u0161teno osoblje, a moraju biti postavljeni sigurnosni znakovi koji podsje\u0107aju radnike koju OZO moraju nositi. MOCA se mora skladi\u0161titi u odvojenim skladi\u0161tima kojima mo\u017ee pristupiti samo ovla\u0161teno osoblje. Upotreba OZO (osobne za\u0161titne opreme) mora biti obavezna unutar poluindustrijskog i strojnog lijevanja.    <\/p>\n<p>Radnici moraju biti svjesni u\u010dinaka izlo\u017eenosti i trebaju se redovito osposobljavati o kontrolnim mjerama potrebnim za siguran rad s MOCA kako bi se sprije\u010dila izlo\u017eenost. Treba ih poticati da prijave rane simptome poput peckanja ko\u017ee i o\u010diju. Stoga se preporu\u010duje uklju\u010divanje lije\u010dnika medicine rada.  <\/p>\n<p>Biomonitoring je trenutno najbolja metoda za procjenu ukupne izlo\u017eenosti MOCA u radnim okru\u017eenjima. Ako se provodi biomonitoring, uzorkovanje treba provoditi nakon smjene na kraju radnog tjedna. <\/p>\n<p>Biomonitoring treba nadopuniti i pra\u0107enjem zraka i, kada je to prikladno, mjerenjima kontaminacije ko\u017ee i povr\u0161ina kako bi se kontrolirali izvori izlo\u017eenosti.<\/p>\n<p>Osigurati da radnici imaju odgovaraju\u0107u osobnu za\u0161titnu opremu, kao \u0161to su za\u0161titna odijela, rukavice, obu\u0107a, pokrivala za glavu, za\u0161titne nao\u010dale s direktnom ventilacijom i respiratori, ako je potrebno.<\/p>\n<p><em>Reference: RAC, IARC, ATSDR, AGS, NIOSH, COM<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[4730],"class_list":["post-82801","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-44-metilen-bis2-kloroanilin-moca"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.0 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>4,4-metilen-bis(2-kloroanilin) (MOCA) - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Izlo\u017eenost MOCA-i doga\u0111a se uglavnom putem apsorpcije kroz ko\u017eu. 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