{"id":82802,"date":"2024-01-04T09:27:34","date_gmt":"2024-01-04T09:27:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/nitrozamini\/"},"modified":"2025-09-04T13:03:02","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T13:03:02","slug":"nitrozamini","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/hr\/fact\/nitrozamini\/","title":{"rendered":"Nitrozamini"},"content":{"rendered":"

Samo u industriji gume u EU zaposleno je vi\u0161e od 350 000 radnika; dodatno se procjenjuje da je oko 260 000 radnika izlo\u017eeno teku\u0107inama za obradu metala i inhibitorima korozije. N-nitrozamini se obi\u010dno ne proizvode namjerno, ve\u0107 se obi\u010dno formiraju iz sekundarnih amina i nitroziraju\u0107ih agensa pod odre\u0111enim reakcijskim uvjetima. Tipi\u010dna radna mjesta na kojima se mogu pojaviti N-nitrozamini su u industriji gume, ko\u017ee, obrade metala i kemijskoj industriji. Udisanje i dermalna izlo\u017eenost glavni su putevi izlo\u017eenosti nitrozaminima. Mnogi N-nitrozamini klasificirani su prema CLP-u kao karcinogeni kategorije 1A, 1B ili 2. Epidemiolo\u0161ki podaci pokazuju da izlo\u017eenost nitrozaminima, kako u radnim okru\u017eenjima tako i u op\u0107oj populaciji, mo\u017ee biti povezana s rizikom od raka razli\u010ditih vrsta. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Gdje se javljaju rizici<\/h2>\n

Izlo\u017eenost N-nitrozaminima mo\u017ee se pojaviti u industriji gume tijekom zadataka poput vaganja, mije\u0161anja, obrade poluproizvoda, vulkanizacije i naknadne obrade. Gumeni proizvodi tako\u0111er mogu biti potencijalni izvori nitrozamina. Prijavljeno je da se izlo\u017eenost javlja u industriji obrade metala ako teku\u0107ine za obradu metala sadr\u017ee visoke razine nitrata\/nitrita. Tipi\u010dni zadaci su odr\u017eavanje i servisiranje strojeva, ru\u010dno rukovanje alatnim strojevima uz blisku prisutnost operatera i vjerojatnost prskanja, prskanja ili isparavanja teku\u0107ina i smjesa za obradu metala tijekom rada. Me\u0111utim, nije poznato primjenjuju li se ti uvjeti vi\u0161e u Europi. Proizvodnja i upotreba amina u kemijskoj industriji, kao i operacije dekantiranja i punjenja amina i njihova upotreba u daljnjim kemijskim procesima, npr. premazi procesom koagulacije, proizvodnja poliakrilonitrilnih vlakana, radna su mjesta na kojima se mogu pojaviti N-nitrozamini. U pro\u0161losti su se dodatno pogo\u0111ena radna mjesta mogla na\u0107i i u industriji ko\u017ee, elektroni\u010dkoj industriji i ljevaonicama. <\/p>\n

Vi\u0161e o supstanci<\/h2>\n

N-nitrozamini se ne proizvode niti koriste. N-nitrozamini se obi\u010dno stvaraju iz sekundarnih amina u kontaktu s drugim du\u0161ikovim spojevima i nitroziraju\u0107im agensima. Nitroziraju\u0107i agensi su du\u0161i\u010dna kiselina i njezine soli, nitriti, du\u0161ikovi oksidi iz ispu\u0161nih plinova motora ili organski nitro i nitrozo spojevi. Sekundarni amini mogu biti prisutni u kemijskim aditivima ili kao sastojci proizvoda spremnih za upotrebu. Poznati sekundarni amini s potencijalom za stvaranje N-nitrozamina su npr. dietilamin, dietanolamin, dietilpropilamin, morfolin, pirolidin. Sekundarni amini tako\u0111er se mogu formirati iz drugih spojeva koji sadr\u017ee du\u0161ik u relevantnim koli\u010dinama, npr. hidrolizom, termi\u010dkom ili biogenom razgradnjom. Tipi\u010dni sekundarni amini mogu se na\u0107i i me\u0111u inhibitorima korozije, akceleratorima vulkanizacije, otapalima i rashladnim mazivima koja se mije\u0161aju s vodom ili se mije\u0161aju s vodom, poput teku\u0107ina za obradu metala. <\/p>\n

Opasnosti koje se mogu pojaviti<\/h2>\n

Izlo\u017eenost N-nitrozaminima povezana je s raznim vrstama raka, npr. razvojem raka mjehura, \u017eeluca, jednjaka, prostate, gu\u0161tera\u010de i jetre, leukemije i multiplog mijeloma.<\/p>\n

Procijenjeno je da je latentno razdoblje izme\u0111u izlo\u017eenosti i razvoja raka 15 godina.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0160to mo\u017eete u\u010diniti<\/h2>\n

U prvom redu, mjere su uklanjanje i sprje\u010davanje rizika. Zamijenite sekundarne amine prikladnim nadomjescima za va\u0161u specifi\u010dnu primjenu, npr. primarnim ili tercijarnim aminima i alkanolaminima. Poznato je nekoliko sekundarnih amina koji ne tvore kancerogene N-nitrozamine, npr. dicikloheksilamin. Postoje razli\u010diti alternativni kemijski sustavi dostupni za primjenu sekundarnih amina, npr. u industriji gume. Kako biste smanjili rizik od stvaranja N-nitrozamina, dr\u017eite nitroziraju\u0107a sredstva ili prekursore poput nitrita podalje, a koncentraciju sekundarnih amina niskom. Ako je potrebno, primijenite inhibitore za stvaranje N-nitrozamina, kao \u0161to su askorbinska kiselina, sulfamati, p-aminobenzojeva kiselina, alfa-tokoferol, primarni amini i primarni alkanolamini. Provjerite ili pratite maksimalnu koncentraciju sekundarnih amina, nitroziraju\u0107ih sredstava ili pH vrijednost u proizvodima. Pridr\u017eavajte se nacionalnih ograni\u010denja upotrebe, ako postoje. Ako zamjena nije mogu\u0107a, provodite redovitu procjenu izlo\u017eenosti kako biste provjerili jesu li va\u0161e za\u0161titne mjere u\u010dinkovite ili je potrebno poduzeti daljnje mjere. Tehni\u010dke za\u0161titne mjere poput zatvorenih sustava ili ispuha procesnih N-nitrozamina alternativa su ako zamjena nije primjenjiva. Radnike treba kontinuirano upoznati s u\u010dincima izlo\u017eenosti. Osim toga, obu\u010diti radnike o opasnostima, sigurnim radnim praksama i u\u010dinkovitim higijenskim mjerama. Osigurati da radnici imaju odgovaraju\u0107u osobnu za\u0161titnu opremu, poput za\u0161titne odje\u0107e i rukavica, ako je potrebno. Osobnu za\u0161titnu opremu treba koristiti samo kao krajnje rje\u0161enje, nakon \u0161to su predstavljena mogu\u0107a tehni\u010dka rje\u0161enja. <\/p>\n

Reference: AGS, ECHA, FIOH, DGUV, HSE, BAuA, Statista<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[4276],"class_list":["post-82802","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-nitrozamini"],"yoast_head":"\nNitrozamini - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Sumnja se da je kancerogen o\u0161te\u0107uju\u0107i genetski materijal, uzrokuju\u0107i rak \u017eeluca ili dovode\u0107i do alergijskog kontaktnog dermatitisa.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/hr\/fact\/nitrozamini\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hr_HR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nitrozamini\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sumnja se da je kancerogen o\u0161te\u0107uju\u0107i genetski materijal, uzrokuju\u0107i rak \u017eeluca ili dovode\u0107i do alergijskog kontaktnog dermatitisa.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/hr\/fact\/nitrozamini\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"STOP carcinogens at work\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-09-04T13:03:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Procijenjeno vrijeme \u010ditanja\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/hr\\\/fact\\\/nitrozamini\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/hr\\\/fact\\\/nitrozamini\\\/\",\"name\":\"Nitrozamini - 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