{"id":82845,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:11","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/isparenja-od-zavarivanja\/"},"modified":"2025-09-04T12:58:22","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T12:58:22","slug":"isparenja-od-zavarivanja","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/hr\/fact\/isparenja-od-zavarivanja\/","title":{"rendered":"Isparenja od zavarivanja"},"content":{"rendered":"

Procjenjuje se da je 1,2 milijuna radnika s punim radnim vremenom uklju\u010deno u zavarivanje i srodne aktivnosti diljem EU. Isparenja i pra\u0161ina nastale tijekom procesa zavarivanja mogu potencijalno sadr\u017eavati kancerogene spojeve kroma VI, nikla i kobalta te druge opasne tvari. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

IARC je klasificirao pare od zavarivanja kao kancerogene za ljude (Skupina 1). Procjenjuje se da je zanimanje zavariva\u010da povezano sa zna\u010dajnim pove\u0107anjem rizika od raka plu\u0107a, koji mo\u017ee biti uzrokovan udisanjem pra\u0161ine i pare od zavarivanja metala. <\/p>\n

Gdje se javljaju rizici<\/h2>\n

Dimovi za zavarivanje nastaju kada se metali zagrijavaju iznad vreli\u0161ta (isparavaju), a njihove se pare brzo kondenziraju u vrlo fine \u010destice (krute \u010destice ili pra\u0161inu). Klju\u010dni metali koji se koriste diljem Europe su \u010delik (nelegirani i nisko-srednje legirani), nehr\u0111aju\u0107i \u010delik (na bazi lijevanog \u017eeljeza i nikla) \u200b\u200bte aluminij i aluminijeve legure. <\/p>\n

Plinsko zavarivanje, elektrolu\u010dno zavarivanje, zavarivanje snopom, meko lemljenje, tvrdo lemljenje, tvrdo lemljenje, termi\u010dko rezanje ili \u017eljebljenje, ravnanje plamenom i termi\u010dko prskanje najva\u017eniji su postupci zavarivanja tijekom kojih mogu nastati kancerogene pra\u0161ine i pare.
\n Izlo\u017eenost dimu zavariva\u010dkih plinova javlja se u vi\u0161e sektora kao \u0161to su brodogradnja, automobilska i strojarska gradnja, gra\u0111evinarstvo (npr. mostovi, stepenice, balkoni), vodoinstalaterstvo, promet i telekomunikacije. Zanimanja su uglavnom zavariva\u010di, reza\u010di plamenom i metalni radnici te oni radnici koji rade u blizini. <\/p>\n

Vi\u0161e o supstanci<\/h2>\n

Vrsta kori\u0161tenog postupka zavarivanja utjecat \u0107e na prirodu i koli\u010dinu opasnih tvari koje se proizvode u pra\u0161ini i dimu. Dim koji se emitira postupcima zavarivanja i vru\u0107eg rezanja je razli\u010dita mje\u0161avina opasnih tvari koje se mogu udisati. Sastav dima od zavarivanja ovisit \u0107e o osnovnom i dodatnom materijalu te tehnici zavarivanja. Tehnike zavarivanja koje imaju najve\u0107e stope emisija su lasersko zavarivanje s dodatnim materijalima, MIG (puna \u017eica, nikal, legure na bazi nikla), MAG (puna \u017eica i punjena \u017eica sa i bez za\u0161titnog plina), lasersko rezanje, autogeno plameno rezanje, plazma rezanje, lu\u010dno prskanje i plameno prskanje. Potencijalno oslobo\u0111eni karcinogeni tijekom procesa zavarivanja su spojevi berilija<\/a> , kadmija<\/a> , kroma VI<\/a> , kobalta<\/a> i nikla<\/a> . <\/p>\n

Opasnosti koje se mogu pojaviti<\/h2>\n

Akutna izlo\u017eenost dimu i plinovima zavarivanja mo\u017ee uzrokovati iritaciju oka, nosa i grla, vrtoglavicu i mu\u010dninu, kao i groznicu uzrokovanu metalnim parama. Dugotrajna izlo\u017eenost dimu zavarivanja mo\u017ee uzrokovati o\u0161te\u0107enje plu\u0107a i razne vrste raka, uklju\u010duju\u0107i rak plu\u0107a, grkljana i mokra\u0107nog sustava. Glavne nekancerogene bolesti su akutni ili kroni\u010dni u\u010dinci u di\u0161nim putovima poput KOPB-a, profesionalne astme i zavariva\u010dkih plu\u0107a. Me\u0111utim, UV svjetlo<\/a> emitira se tijekom zavarivanja tako\u0111er mo\u017ee uzrokovati o\u010dni melanom. Dim koji se osloba\u0111a tijekom zavarivanja mekog \u010delika (i prisutnost mangana u \u010deliku) mo\u017ee dovesti do neurolo\u0161kih simptoma sli\u010dnih Parkinsonovoj bolesti. Ti simptomi uklju\u010duju poreme\u0107aje govora i ravnote\u017ee. <\/p>\n

\u0160to mo\u017eete u\u010diniti<\/h2>\n

To\u010dna razina rizika od isparenja pri zavarivanju ovisit \u0107e o tri \u010dimbenika: koliko je isparenje otrovno, koliko je koncentrirano i koliko dugo ga udi\u0161ete. Mo\u017ee li se isparenje ukloniti prelaskom na hladni postupak (npr. giljotina) ili se mogu koristiti razli\u010diti potro\u0161ni materijali (\u0161ipke\/\u017eice za \u010di\u0161\u0107enje)? Ako ne, najbolje rje\u0161enje je smanjiti isparenja redizajniranjem rada i ponovnim razmatranjem kori\u0161tenih tehnika i materijala, na primjer usisnog plamenika za zavarivanje. Drugo, rje\u0161enja bi mogla biti ugradnja u\u010dinkovitih sustava op\u0107e i lokalne ventilacije (LEV) i ispravno pozicioniranje (stajanje uz vjetar). Ako se ne mo\u017ee osigurati odgovaraju\u0107a kontrola iz LEV-a ili ako nije razumno izvedivo osigurati LEV, radnici bi trebali koristiti odgovaraju\u0107u opremu za za\u0161titu di\u0161nih puteva (RPE). Za rad do sat vremena preporu\u010duje se maska \u200b\u200bza jednokratnu upotrebu FFP3 ili polumaska \u200b\u200bs P3 filterom. Za dulje radove koristite za\u0161titnu opremu s dovodom zraka na baterije, s minimalnim dodijeljenim faktorom za\u0161tite od 20 (APF20). Osigurajte testiranje prianjanja RPE na lice. Za zavarivanje na otvorenom, LEV ne\u0107e funkcionirati, stoga radnici trebaju koristiti odgovaraju\u0107u RPE za kontrolu izlo\u017eenosti. Zavariva\u010di trebaju razumjeti opasnosti materijala s kojima rade. Preporu\u010duje se istraga ako radnici prijave rane simptome. <\/p>\n

Reference: Izvje\u0161\u0107e o procjeni utjecaja, Izvje\u0161\u0107e o studiji ECHA-e, EU-OSHA, HSE, IARC<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[4268],"class_list":["post-82845","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-isparenja-od-zavarivanja"],"yoast_head":"\nIsparenja od zavarivanja - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Procjenjuje se da je 1,2 milijuna radnika s punim radnim vremenom uklju\u010deno u zavarivanje i srodne aktivnosti diljem EU.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/hr\/fact\/isparenja-od-zavarivanja\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hr_HR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Isparenja od zavarivanja\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Procjenjuje se da je 1,2 milijuna radnika s punim radnim vremenom uklju\u010deno u zavarivanje i srodne aktivnosti diljem EU.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/hr\/fact\/isparenja-od-zavarivanja\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"STOP carcinogens at work\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-09-04T12:58:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Procijenjeno vrijeme \u010ditanja\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/hr\\\/fact\\\/isparenja-od-zavarivanja\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/hr\\\/fact\\\/isparenja-od-zavarivanja\\\/\",\"name\":\"Isparenja od zavarivanja - 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