{"id":82853,"date":"2024-01-04T09:22:40","date_gmt":"2024-01-04T09:22:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/azoboje\/"},"modified":"2025-09-04T13:02:58","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T13:02:58","slug":"azoboje","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/hr\/fact\/azoboje\/","title":{"rendered":"Azoboje"},"content":{"rendered":"

Procjene trenutnog broja radnika izlo\u017eenih azo bojama, koje se mogu razgraditi na aromatske amine, u EU nisu dostupne. Profesionalna izlo\u017eenost azo bojama mo\u017ee se dogoditi tamo gdje se azo boje proizvode i koriste za bojenje ili indikaciju. Dermalna izlo\u017eenost najva\u017eniji je put izlo\u017eenosti jer su teku\u0107e formulacije sada norma. Izlo\u017eenost udisanjem i dalje mo\u017ee biti relevantna u pojedina\u010dnim slu\u010dajevima. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Sumnja se da azo boje uzrokuju rak jer se mogu razgraditi u aromatske amine. Neki aromatski amini poznati su kao karcinogeni (kategorija 1A prema CLP-u), npr. 4-aminobifenil, benzidin, 4-kloro-o-toluidin, 2-naftilamin, ili se pretpostavlja da su kancerogeni za ljude (kategorija 1B prema CLP-u), npr. o-toluidin, o-anisidin, 4-aminoazobenzen. Sumnja se da su i drugi aromatski amini koji se osloba\u0111aju iz azo boja kancerogeni za ljude. <\/p>\n

Neki aromatski amini povezani su s profesionalnim bolestima koje uzrokuju promjene sluznice, rak ili druge neoplazme mokra\u0107nog sustava.<\/p>\n

Gdje se javljaju rizici<\/h2>\n

Op\u0107enito, azo boje se \u0161iroko koriste u industriji za bojanje plasti\u010dnih i gumenih proizvoda, drva, papira, boja i lakova, ali i za bojanje potro\u0161a\u010dkih proizvoda poput tekstilnih vlakana, kozmetike, farmaceutskih proizvoda, pa \u010dak i hrane. Manja primjena mo\u017ee uklju\u010divati medicinska ili biolo\u0161ka istra\u017eivanja, npr. bojila za mikroskopiju. <\/p>\n

Prija\u0161nje upotrebe u bojenju ko\u017ee ili tekstila zabranjene su u Europi, a od tada su se smanjile.<\/p>\n

Azo boje koje osloba\u0111aju o-toluidin, kao \u0161to su CI Solvent Red 24, 164 i 215, jo\u0161 uvijek nalaze primjenu u ozna\u010davanju mineralnih ulja ili u nerazornim metodama kao penetranti za otkrivanje pukotina, npr. u metalnoj industriji. Profesije s visokim rizikom od izlo\u017eenosti ko\u017ee uklju\u010duju industrijske bojadi\u0161a\u010de, kozmeti\u010dare i inspektore materijala. <\/p>\n

Vi\u0161e o supstanci<\/h2>\n

Postoji vi\u0161e od 3000 razli\u010ditih azo spojeva. Ekonomski va\u017eni azo spojevi uklju\u010duju azo bojila, koja se dijele na azo boje, koje su prakti\u010dki netopljive u mediju za primjenu, i topljive azo boje. <\/p>\n

U potonjem slu\u010daju razlikujemo azo-boje topive u vodi i azo-boje topive u organskim otapalima, koje igraju va\u017enu ulogu u izlo\u017eenosti ko\u017ei. Topljive azo-boje na ko\u017ei mogu se bakterijskim ili enzimskim djelovanjem pretvoriti u topljive aromatske amine koji se apsorbiraju kroz ko\u017eu. <\/p>\n

Azo boje mogu se svrstati u razli\u010dite tipove boja, kao \u0161to su kisele boje, direktne boje ili reaktivne boje, disperzne boje itd. U sustavu indeksa boja, kao i druge boje, azo boje se klasificiraju prema svom kemijskom pona\u0161anju i na\u010dinu na koji se koriste za bojenje, \u0161to rezultira nazivom indeksa boja (generi\u010dki naziv CI). <\/p>\n

Va\u017eno je napomenuti da se aromatski amini mogu na\u0107i i u duhanskom dimu, ispu\u0161nim plinovima dizelskih motora te kao ne\u010disto\u0107e u ugljenom katranu ili u aditivima u proizvodnji gumenih proizvoda, \u0161to utje\u010de na druga zanimanja.<\/p>\n

Opasnosti koje se mogu pojaviti<\/h2>\n

Topljive azo boje se uglavnom apsorbiraju putem dermalne apsorpcije. Udisanje tako\u0111er mo\u017ee igrati ulogu. Me\u0111utim, ovisno o tome jesu li azo boje topljive u vodi ili mastima, apsorbiraju se na razli\u010dite na\u010dine i razli\u010ditim brzinama. <\/p>\n

Akutni toksi\u010dni u\u010dinci kod ljudi do sada su opisani samo nakon izlo\u017eenosti topljivim azo bojilima, ali ne i netopljivim azo pigmentima. Me\u0111utim, nakon apsorpcije putem plu\u0107a i ovisno o veli\u010dini netopljivih pigmenata, mogu razviti u\u010dinke tipi\u010dne za \u010destice, uklju\u010duju\u0107i sli\u010dnosti s granularnim bioperzistentnim pra\u0161inama, npr. po\u010dev\u0161i sa simptomima poput ka\u0161lja. <\/p>\n

Izvije\u0161teno je da je izlo\u017eenost na radnom mjestu najrelevantnija za poznate profesionalne bolesti poput promjena na sluznicama, raka ili drugih izraslina u mokra\u0107nom sustavu. Nadalje, pretpostavlja se da je kroni\u010dna izlo\u017eenost povezana i s alergijskim u\u010dincima na ko\u017ei. <\/p>\n

Latentno razdoblje izme\u0111u izlo\u017eenosti i raka mokra\u0107nog sustava povezanog s aromatskim aminom (rak mokra\u0107nog mjehura) uvelike varira, izme\u0111u 12 i vi\u0161e od 40 godina<\/strong> . Relevantni kancerogeni amini su o-toluidin, ksenilamin, 2-naftilamin, benzidin i 4-kloro-o-toluidin.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0160to mo\u017eete u\u010diniti<\/h2>\n

Naju\u010dinkovitiji na\u010din sprje\u010davanja izlo\u017eenosti je zamjena. Na tr\u017ei\u0161tu postoje sigurnije, alternativne boje, npr. alternativne prirodne boje ili mineralne\/pigmentne boje, posebno za tekstilnu i prehrambenu industriju. Tamo gdje zamjena azo bojila nije mogu\u0107a i upotreba azo bojila se ne mo\u017ee izbje\u0107i, moraju se poduzeti mjere za smanjenje izlo\u017eenosti. <\/p>\n

Naju\u010dinkovitiji na\u010din izbjegavanja izlo\u017eenosti azo bojilima je razvoj i kori\u0161tenje zatvorenih sustava. Tamo gdje to nije mogu\u0107e, treba provesti tehni\u010dke mjere poput u\u010dinkovite lokalne ispu\u0161ne ventilacije ili dobre ventilacije radnog mjesta, kao i provjeru njihove u\u010dinkovitosti kako bi se osiguralo da se izlo\u017eenost svede na najmanju mogu\u0107u mjeru koliko je to tehni\u010dki mogu\u0107e. Jedan standardni zahtjev za tekstilnu industriju je najbolja dostupna tehnologija (NRT), koju treba uzeti u obzir kako bi se smanjili u\u010dinci na okoli\u0161 i zdravlje. <\/p>\n

Redovito provodite procjene izlo\u017eenosti kako biste provjerili jesu li va\u0161e za\u0161titne mjere u\u010dinkovite ili je potrebno poduzeti daljnje mjere. Radnici moraju biti svjesni u\u010dinaka izlo\u017eenosti i trebaju se redovito obu\u010davati o kontrolnim mjerama potrebnim za siguran rad s azo bojama kako bi se sprije\u010dila izlo\u017eenost. Treba ih poticati da prijave rane simptome poput respiratornih problema ili alergija na ko\u017ei. Preporu\u010duje se uklju\u010divanje lije\u010dnika medicine rada. Osim toga, obu\u010dite radnike o u\u010dinkovitim higijenskim mjerama. <\/p>\n

Osigurajte da radnici imaju odgovaraju\u0107u osobnu za\u0161titnu opremu, kao \u0161to su za\u0161titna odje\u0107a i rukavice, ako je potrebno, budu\u0107i da je primarni put izlo\u017eenosti ko\u017ea. Osobnu za\u0161titnu opremu treba koristiti samo kao krajnje rje\u0161enje i razmatrati samo privremeno, nakon \u0161to su iscrpljena sva mogu\u0107a tehni\u010dka rje\u0161enja. Va\u017eno je da se osobna za\u0161titna oprema, ako se mo\u017ee ponovno koristiti, o\u010disti nakon upotrebe i pohrani na \u010distom mjestu. <\/p>\n

Reference: BAuA, ECHA, DGUV, EU-Commission<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[4678],"class_list":["post-82853","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-azoboje"],"yoast_head":"\nAzoboje - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! We collected all the important information these causing substances in easy-to-understand factsheets.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/hr\/fact\/azoboje\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hr_HR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Azoboje\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! 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