{"id":82855,"date":"2025-03-18T08:27:52","date_gmt":"2025-03-18T08:27:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/ultraljubicasto-zracenje\/"},"modified":"2025-09-04T13:03:18","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T13:03:18","slug":"ultraljubicasto-zracenje","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/hr\/fact\/ultraljubicasto-zracenje\/","title":{"rendered":"Ultraljubi\u010dasto zra\u010denje"},"content":{"rendered":"

Procjenjuje se da je diljem Europe 36 milijuna radnika izlo\u017eeno prirodnom ultraljubi\u010dastom zra\u010denju (UVR) sa sunca, a oko milijun UVR-u iz umjetnih izvora. Izlo\u017eenost UVR-u prvenstveno utje\u010de na ko\u017eu i o\u010di. I solarno i umjetno UVR zra\u010denje klasificirani su kao kancerogeni za ljude (IARC Grupa 1). Prekomjerna izlo\u017eenost UVR-u dovodi do opeklina od sunca i upale ro\u017enice i konjunktive nakon nekoliko sati. Katarakta i razli\u010dite vrste raka ko\u017ee mogu se razviti nakon mnogo godina izlo\u017eenosti UVR-u. U Europi je IARC za 2022. godinu prijavio vi\u0161e od 470 000 novih slu\u010dajeva raka ko\u017ee (melanoma i nemelanoma). <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Gdje se javljaju rizici<\/h2>\n

Svi radnici na otvorenom, npr. u poljoprivredi i \u0161umarstvu, u gra\u0111evinarstvu i niskogradnji ili u brodarstvu, posebno su pogo\u0111eni sun\u010devim UVR-om. Me\u0111utim, radnici koji rade samo djelomi\u010dno na otvorenom, poput onih u dostavi, policiji i hitnim slu\u017ebama, obrazovanju i gastronomiji, tako\u0111er su izlo\u017eeni rizicima koji proizlaze iz izlo\u017eenosti sun\u010devom UVR-u. Radne aktivnosti koje mogu biti popra\u0107ene umjetnim UVR-om uklju\u010duju, na primjer, zavarivanje ili rezanje lukom ili laserom, ispitivanje materijala, UV dezinfekciju (prehrambena industrija, obrada vode) ili industrijsko stvrdnjavanje boja. <\/p>\n

Vi\u0161e o opasnosti<\/h2>\n

UV zra\u010denje s valnim duljinama izme\u0111u 100 i 400 nm nije ni vidljivo ni ina\u010de percipirano. Nema svaka valna duljina UVR zra\u010denja isti biolo\u0161ki u\u010dinak, ali se mora uzeti u obzir relativna spektralna osjetljivost ko\u017ee i o\u010diju. Posljedi\u010dno, posebno UV-B zra\u010denje (280 – 315 nm) predstavlja rizik od opeklina od sunca. UV-A zra\u010denje (315 – 400 nm) dovodi, izme\u0111u ostalog, do starenja ko\u017ee i boranja. <\/p>\n

Sun\u010devo UV-C zra\u010denje (100 – 280 nm) potpuno se apsorbira u stratosferskom ozonskom omota\u010du i stoga ne dopire do Zemljine povr\u0161ine. Me\u0111utim, umjetno UV-C zra\u010denje mo\u017ee se pojaviti, na primjer, tijekom elektrolu\u010dnog zavarivanja i dezinfekcije (obi\u010dno s valnom duljinom od 254 nm) ili kori\u0161tenjem odre\u0111enih laserskih izvora. Umjetno UV-C zra\u010denje djelomi\u010dno se apsorbira u zraku \u0161to dovodi do stvaranja ozona. <\/p>\n

Opasnosti koje se mogu pojaviti<\/h2>\n

UV zra\u010denje prvenstveno utje\u010de na povr\u0161inu ko\u017ee i o\u010diju, ali je poznato i da potiskuje imunolo\u0161ki sustav. Akutno, prekomjerno izlaganje UV zra\u010denju mo\u017ee dovesti do bolne, ali reverzibilne upale ro\u017enice i konjunktive, koja se osje\u0107a kao “pijesak u oku”, kao i upalnog crvenila ko\u017ee (eritem, sinonim za opekline od sunca). Dugotrajno visoko izlaganje UV zra\u010denju pove\u0107ava rizik od razvoja bijelog (nemelanomskog) i crnog (melanomskog) raka ko\u017ee, kao i katarakte. Dok se akutni u\u010dinci na zdravlje odga\u0111aju za nekoliko sati, latencija za bolesti uzrokovane kroni\u010dnim izlaganjem UV zra\u010denju je reda veli\u010dine desetlje\u0107a. <\/p>\n

\u0160to mo\u017eete u\u010diniti<\/h2>\n

Po\u010detna provjera zamjene opasne radne opreme naju\u010dinkovitiji je na\u010din izbjegavanja izlo\u017eenosti UV zra\u010denju. \u0160to se ti\u010de solarnog UV zra\u010denja, nije mogu\u0107e zamijeniti izvor rizika (sunce). Me\u0111utim, ako se namjerava koristiti umjetno UV zra\u010denje ili se ono doga\u0111a nenamjerno, provjera zamjene mora se provesti unaprijed. U na\u010delu, razumna kombinacija tehni\u010dkih, organizacijskih i osobnih mjera nudi najbolju za\u0161titu od UV zra\u010denja. <\/p>\n

Tehni\u010dke mjere uklju\u010duju sve oblike za\u0161tite i zasjenjivanja, npr. nadstre\u0161nice na stacionarnim i suncobrane na nestacionarnim vanjskim radnim mjestima. Potpuno zatvorene kabine pru\u017eaju UVR za\u0161titu pri kori\u0161tenju mobilne radne opreme. Postoje\u0107e zasjenjivanje, npr. od zgrada ili postrojenja, \u010desto nudi samo ograni\u010denu UVR za\u0161titu. Pri kori\u0161tenju umjetnog UVR-a, zatvaranje izvora ili zaklanjanje dostupnog UVR-a prikladan je na\u010din osiguranja u\u010dinkovite UVR za\u0161tite. <\/p>\n

Organizacijske mjere imaju za cilj smanjenje trajanja izlo\u017eenosti. To uklju\u010duje, na primjer, premje\u0161tanje radnih aktivnosti u zasjenjena ili za\u0161ti\u0107ena podru\u010dja koja su samo malo ili uop\u0107e nisu izlo\u017eena, te pomicanje radnog vremena na ranije jutarnje i kasnije ve\u010dernje sate (za rad na otvorenom). Raspodjela radnih aktivnosti me\u0111u nekoliko radnika i ograni\u010davanje pristupa radnim mjestima izlo\u017eenim UV zra\u010denju u zatvorenom prostoru pomo\u0107u znakova ili naljepnica tako\u0111er su primjeri organizacijskih mjera. <\/p>\n

Osobne mjere za\u0161tite poput pokrivala za glavu sa \u0161irokim obodom i za\u0161titom za vrat, za\u0161titnih nao\u010dala (sun\u010danih nao\u010dala ili posebno dizajniranih za\u0161titnih nao\u010dala za umjetno UVR zra\u010denje), \u0161titnika za lice i vizira, kao i odje\u0107e i rukavica koje pokrivaju cijelo tijelo, \u010desto su obavezne. Podru\u010dja ko\u017ee koja se ne mogu prekriti tekstilom, npr. lice radnika na otvorenom, treba za\u0161tititi kremom za sun\u010danje s dovoljno visokim faktorom za\u0161tite od sunca. <\/p>\n

Literatura: IARC, COM, ICNIRP<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[6697],"class_list":["post-82855","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-uv-zracenje"],"yoast_head":"\nUltraljubi\u010dasto zra\u010denje - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Procjenjuje se da je 37 milijuna radnika izlo\u017eeno UV zra\u010denju. 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