{"id":82874,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:24","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/14-dioksan\/"},"modified":"2025-09-04T12:59:52","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T12:59:52","slug":"14-dioksan","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/hr\/fact\/14-dioksan\/","title":{"rendered":"1,4-dioksan"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p>Procjenjuje se da je u EU do 30 000 radnika izlo\u017eeno 1,4-dioksanu. Tipi\u010dna radna mjesta gdje se koristi 1,4-dioksan su u industriji gume i kemijskoj industriji. Mo\u017ee se pojaviti i kao nusproizvod u kozmeti\u010dkoj industriji. Radnici su uglavnom izlo\u017eeni putem kontaminacije zrakom i kontaktom s ko\u017eom, iako je mogu\u0107a i oralna izlo\u017eenost. 1,4-dioksan je klasificiran kao kancerogen kategorije 1B prema CLP zakonodavstvu (Carc. 1B) i sumnja se da doprinosi karcinomima nosa, kao i tumorima jetre i bubrega. Osim toga, 1,4-dioksan uzrokuje jaku iritaciju oka i mo\u017ee uzrokovati iritaciju di\u0161nog sustava; ponovljeno izlaganje ko\u017ei mo\u017ee uzrokovati suho\u0107u ili pucanje.     <\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>Gdje se javlja rizik<\/h2>\n<p>Profesionalna izlo\u017eenost javlja se tijekom proizvodnje, prerade i upotrebe 1,4-dioksana, putem inhalacije ili dermalne izlo\u017eenosti. 1,4-dioksan se \u010desto koristi kao otapalo u laboratorijima (npr. mobilna faza u kromatografiji) i na industrijskim lokacijama u procesima polimerizacije. Aktivnosti \u010di\u0161\u0107enja i odr\u017eavanja tako\u0111er su va\u017ene za razmatranje u vezi s izlo\u017eeno\u0161\u0107u.  <\/p>\n<h2>Vi\u0161e o supstanci<\/h2>\n<p>1,4-dioksan je bistra, bezbojna teku\u0107ina koja se lako mije\u0161a s drugim otapalima. Zbog svoje inertnosti uglavnom se koristi kao samo otapalo. Lako je zapaljiv i mo\u017ee stvarati eksplozivne perokside. 1,4-dioksan je antropogena kemikalija koja se prirodno ne javlja u okoli\u0161u. Poznati je nusprodukt industrijskih procesa etoksilacije i stoga mo\u017ee predstavljati one\u010di\u0161\u0107uju\u0107u tvar u kozmetici i proizvodima za osobnu njegu, gdje je njegova koncentracija strogo regulirana. 1,4-dioksan je tako\u0111er prona\u0111en kao ostatak u proizvodima od plastike i gume (npr. rukavice, \u010dizme, odje\u0107a, gumene ru\u010dke, ru\u010dica mjenja\u010da, volani).     <\/p>\n<p>1,4-dioksan je stabilan u vodi i ne razgra\u0111uje se. Spojevi u zraku mogu brzo razgraditi 1,4-dioksan u razli\u010dite spojeve. Postoji kontaminacija okoli\u0161a (podzemne vode) povezana s odlaganjem kemijskih otapala koja sadr\u017ee 1,4-dioksan i s odlaganjem samog 1,4-dioksana.  <\/p>\n<h2>Opasnosti koje se mogu pojaviti<\/h2>\n<p>1,4-dioksan se brzo i gotovo u potpunosti apsorbira nakon udisanja i oralnog izlaganja. Apsorpcija putem ko\u017ee tako\u0111er je va\u017ena. Nakon udisanja 1,4-dioksana mogu se javiti bolovi u gornjem dijelu trbuha i povra\u0107anje, kao i iritacija o\u010diju i di\u0161nih putova. Ostali simptomi trovanja 1,4-dioksanom uklju\u010duju o\u0161te\u0107enje jetre i bubrega, konvulzije i komu. U tom kontekstu treba uzeti u obzir istovremenu dermalnu apsorpciju tvari. Osim toga, ponovljeno izlaganje 1,4-dioksanu na ko\u017ei mo\u017ee dovesti do o\u0161te\u0107enja ko\u017ee. Osim toga, u studijama na \u017eivotinjama uo\u010deni su u\u010dinci na jetru i bubrege, kao i na sredi\u0161nji \u017eiv\u010dani sustav poput teturavog hoda, narkoze, paralize i kome. Treba napomenuti da su glavni ciljni organi di\u0161ni sustav, jetra i bubrezi nakon dugotrajnog izlaganja.       <\/p>\n<h2>\u0160to mo\u017eete u\u010diniti<\/h2>\n<p>Zamjenu treba razmotriti u primjenama gdje je to izvedivo. Ako alternative nisu dostupne ili se 1,4-dioksan mo\u017ee pojaviti kao nusprodukt, periodi\u010dki provodite odgovaraju\u0107a mjerenja izlo\u017eenosti kako biste znali kada i gdje treba poduzeti mjere. Kako bi se izbjegli \u0161tetni u\u010dinci na zdravlje, stoga je od najve\u0107e va\u017enosti smanjiti izlo\u017eenost ispod grani\u010dne vrijednosti utemeljene na zdravlju. U industrijskim procesima, primjeri tehni\u010dkih kontrolnih mjera su zatvoreni sustavi, op\u0107a ispu\u0161na i lokalna ispu\u0161na ventilacija. \u010cak i pri radu sa zatvorenim sustavima, izlo\u017eenost se mo\u017ee dogoditi, npr. tijekom zadataka uzorkovanja. Mjerenja i kontrolne mjere su tamo relevantne. Druge preporu\u010dene radne prakse uklju\u010duju pru\u017eanje informacija o opasnostima i obuku zaposlenicima te op\u0107e standarde higijene rada za podru\u010dja rukovanja kemikalijama. Radnici na odr\u017eavanju i \u010di\u0161\u0107enju tako\u0111er bi trebali biti obu\u010deni. Istra\u017eite prijavljuju li radnici rane simptome. Preporu\u010duje se uklju\u010divanje lije\u010dnika medicine rada. Imajte na umu da se za 1,4-dioksan procjena izlo\u017eenosti mo\u017ee podr\u017eati biomonitoringom, ako je primjenjivo prema nacionalnom zakonodavstvu. Radnici moraju biti svjesni u\u010dinaka izlo\u017eenosti. Osobna za\u0161titna oprema treba se koristiti samo kao krajnja mjera, nakon uvo\u0111enja mogu\u0107ih in\u017eenjerskih rje\u0161enja.              <\/p>\n<p><em>Izvori: BAuA, CLP, njema\u010dka MAK-komisija, RAC<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[4833],"class_list":["post-82874","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-14-dioksan-hr"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.0 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>1,4-dioksan - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"U EU je 30 000 radnika izlo\u017eeno 1,4-dioksanu. 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