{"id":82882,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:24","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/kobaltovi-spojevi\/"},"modified":"2025-09-04T12:59:55","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T12:59:55","slug":"kobaltovi-spojevi","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/hr\/fact\/kobaltovi-spojevi\/","title":{"rendered":"Kobaltovi spojevi"},"content":{"rendered":"

U Europskoj uniji, otprilike 80 000 radnika potencijalno je izlo\u017eeno kobaltu i kobaltovim spojevima. Primarni put izlo\u017eenosti kobaltu na radu je udisanje \u010destica kobalta. Izlo\u017eenost kobaltu povezana je s pove\u0107anim rizikom od bolesti plu\u0107a i srca. Metalni kobalt i nekoliko spojeva imaju uskla\u0111enu klasifikaciju prema CLP-u kao karcinogeni kategorija 1B, \u0161to zna\u010di da vjerojatno uzrokuju rak kod ljudi. Nadalje, alergijska reakcija ko\u017ee ili alergijska astma mogu se pojaviti nakon izlo\u017eenosti metalnom kobaltu ili kobaltovim spojevima. Tako\u0111er je opisano da kobalt i mnogi kobaltovi spojevi o\u0161te\u0107uju plodnost nero\u0111enog djeteta. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Gdje se javljaju rizici<\/h2>\n

Kobalt je prisutan u raznim primjenama i proizvodima, npr. kao magneti i katalizatori. U po\u010detku su se kobaltovi spojevi industrijski proizvodili kao pigmenti i boje otporni na toplinu zbog svojih jakih plavih boja. Danas se kobalt uglavnom koristi kao superlegura zbog svoje temperaturne stabilnosti i kao komponenta katodnog materijala za punjive baterije. U proizvodnji i kori\u0161tenju alata za rezanje od tvrdih metala i dijamanata, kobalt se primjenjuje kao vezivni materijal. Izlo\u017eenost se mo\u017ee dogoditi u obliku pra\u0161ine i \u010destica tijekom zavarivanja, galvanizacije ili u povr\u0161inskoj obradi poput pasivizacije. Recikliranje baterija, proizvodnja alata od tvrdih metala i alata koji sadr\u017ee kobalt, kao i rukovanje prahovima koji sadr\u017ee kobaltove spojeve, daljnji su na\u010dini izlo\u017eenosti. Upotreba kobalta i njegovih spojeva je \u0161iroko rasprostranjena. Relevantni sektori rada su industrija baterija, metalna industrija, kemijska industrija, rafinerija, proizvodnja pigmenata, tekstilna industrija, industrija ko\u017ee, drvna i papirna industrija. Primjena se mo\u017ee na\u0107i u automobilskom, zrakoplovnom i obrambenom sektoru, izme\u0111u ostalog. <\/p>\n

Vi\u0161e o supstanci<\/h2>\n

Kobalt je prirodni te\u0161ki metal bez mirisa, \u010deli\u010dno sive boje, sjajan i tvrd. Postoje razli\u010dite kobaltove soli s razli\u010ditom topljivo\u0161\u0107u koje su industrijski relevantne, npr. kobalt sulfat, kobalt dinitrat, kobalt karbonat ili kobalt diacetat. Osim toga, kobalt pove\u0107ava otpornost na habanje, tvrdo\u0107u i mehani\u010dku \u010dvrsto\u0107u, npr. u alatima za rezanje. Koristi se kao vezivo u proizvodnji tvrdih metala zajedno s volframovim karbidom. Katalizatori koji sadr\u017ee kobalt potrebni su za proizvodnju \u010distih goriva s niskim udjelom sumpora. U za\u0161titi od korozije kobalt se koristi za materijale u toplim ili vru\u0107im okru\u017eenjima, npr. u motornim prostorima, ko\u010dnicama i elektri\u010dnim dijelovima u ku\u0107i\u0161tima. <\/p>\n

Opasnosti koje se mogu pojaviti<\/h2>\n

Najve\u0107i potencijal za profesionalnu izlo\u017eenost kobaltu i kobaltovim spojevima je udisanje \u010destica u zraku. Tako\u0111er postoji rizik od dermalne ili oralne izlo\u017eenosti kobaltu kontaktom ruku i usta. Izlo\u017eenost visokim koncentracijama \u010destica kobalta u zraku iz proizvodnje tvrdih metala ili poliranja dijamanata mo\u017ee dovesti do akutnih respiratornih problema, pa \u010dak i do pneumonitisa (bolest plu\u0107a uzrokovana kobaltom ili bolest plu\u0107a uzrokovana tvrdim metalom). Kobalt se mo\u017ee apsorbirati u krvotok ili kroz plu\u0107a ili gastrointestinalni trakt. Dugoro\u010dni u\u010dinci produljene, kontinuirane izlo\u017eenosti kobaltu mogu uklju\u010divati senzibilizaciju ko\u017ee i plu\u0107a, o\u0161te\u0107enu funkciju plu\u0107a, profesionalnu astmu, plu\u0107nu fibrozu, zatajenje srca i rak plu\u0107a. <\/p>\n

\u0160to mo\u017eete u\u010diniti<\/h2>\n

Naju\u010dinkovitiji na\u010din sprje\u010davanja izlo\u017eenosti je zamjena sigurnijim alternativama bez kobalta. Tamo gdje zamjena kobalta i kobaltovih spojeva nije mogu\u0107a i gdje se upotreba kobalta ne mo\u017ee izbje\u0107i, moraju se poduzeti mjere za smanjenje izlo\u017eenosti. Naju\u010dinkovitiji na\u010din izbjegavanja izlo\u017eenosti kobaltu je razvoj i kori\u0161tenje zatvorenih sustava. Tamo gdje to nije mogu\u0107e, treba provesti tehni\u010dke mjere poput u\u010dinkovite lokalne ispu\u0161ne ventilacije i dobre ventilacije radnog mjesta kako bi se osiguralo da se izlo\u017eenost svede na najmanju mogu\u0107u mjeru koliko je tehni\u010dki mogu\u0107e. Redovito provodite mjerenja izlo\u017eenosti kako biste provjerili jesu li va\u0161e za\u0161titne mjere u\u010dinkovite ili je potrebno poduzeti daljnje radnje. Biolo\u0161ko pra\u0107enje mo\u017ee podr\u017eati mjerenja izlo\u017eenosti, ako je primjenjivo u nacionalnom zakonodavstvu. <\/p>\n

Radnici moraju biti svjesni u\u010dinaka izlo\u017eenosti i treba ih poticati da prijave rane simptome respiratornih problema ili alergija na ko\u017ei. Preporu\u010duje se uklju\u010divanje lije\u010dnika medicine rada. Radnike treba osposobiti o kontrolnim mjerama potrebnim za siguran rad s kobaltom kako bi se sprije\u010dila izlo\u017eenost. Osim toga, sve radnike treba uputiti da pravilno operu ruke prije pauze ili ulaska u drugi prostor te da se operu i presvuku na kraju svake smjene. Osigurati da radnici imaju odgovaraju\u0107u osobnu za\u0161titnu opremu, poput za\u0161titne odje\u0107e i rukavica, ako je potrebno. Osobna za\u0161titna oprema treba se koristiti samo kao krajnje sredstvo, nakon \u0161to se razmotre mogu\u0107e tehni\u010dke mjere. <\/p>\n

Literatura: CLP, ECHA (RAC), Institut za kobalt<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[4263],"class_list":["post-82882","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-kobaltovi-spojevi"],"yoast_head":"\nKobaltovi spojevi - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Izlo\u017eenost kobaltu povezana je s pove\u0107anim rizikom od bolesti plu\u0107a i srca. 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