{"id":82888,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:24","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/epiklorohidrin\/"},"modified":"2025-09-04T12:59:56","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T12:59:56","slug":"epiklorohidrin","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/hr\/fact\/epiklorohidrin\/","title":{"rendered":"Epiklorohidrin"},"content":{"rendered":"

Najnovija procjena broja radnika izlo\u017eenih epiklorohidrinu (1-kloro-2,3-epoksipropanu) u EU iz 2011. iznosi oko 44 000. Udisanje se smatra primarnim putem izlo\u017eenosti, ali radnici mogu biti izlo\u017eeni i putem kontakta s ko\u017eom. Epiklorohidrin je klasificiran kao karcinogeni proizvod kategorije 1B (prema CLP uredbi), \u0161to zna\u010di da se pretpostavlja da ima karcinogeni potencijal za ljude, na temelju dokaza u ispitivanjima na \u017eivotinjama. Izlo\u017eenost epiklorohidrinu povezana je s pojavom raka plu\u0107a i tumora sredi\u0161njeg \u017eiv\u010danog sustava. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Gdje se javljaju rizici<\/h2>\n

Profesionalna izlo\u017eenost epiklorohidrinu mo\u017ee se pojaviti tijekom njegove proizvodnje iz klora, kao i u proizvodnji epoksidnih smola koje se koriste u premazima, ljepilima i plastici. Epoksidne smole imaju raznoliku primjenu u industrijskim sektorima kao \u0161to su boje, ljepila, automobilska i zrakoplovna industrija, gra\u0111evinarstvo, oprema za obnovljive izvore energije i elektronika (koriste se za tiskane plo\u010de i za enkapsulaciju elektroni\u010dkih komponenti kako bi se za\u0161titile od o\u0161te\u0107enja). Epiklorohidrin se nadalje koristi u posebnim smolama i polimerima za obradu vode, smolama visoke \u010dvrsto\u0107e na vlagu za papirnu industriju ili putem ionske izmjene za pro\u010di\u0161\u0107avanje zraka i vode. Osim toga, koristi se kao otapalo za celulozne estere i etere, preradu vune i pamuka te u procesima proizvodnje gume. Nadalje, zanimanja u riziku od izlo\u017eenosti uklju\u010duju radnike u postrojenjima za kemijsku sintezu poliola za proizvodnju krutih poliuretanskih pjena i povr\u0161inski aktivnih sredstava za proizvode za pranje rublja. <\/p>\n

Vi\u0161e o supstanci<\/h2>\n

Epiklorohidrin je bezbojna zapaljiva teku\u0107ina o\u0161trog mirisa sli\u010dnog \u010de\u0161njaku, umjereno topljiva u vodi, ali se mije\u0161a s ve\u0107inom polarnih organskih otapala. Pri izgaranju stvara otrovne i korozivne pare klorovodika i klora. Epiklorohidrin burno reagira s aluminijem, cinkom, alkoholima, fenolima, aminima i organskim kiselinama; to stvara opasnost od po\u017eara i eksplozije. <\/p>\n

Opasnosti koje se mogu pojaviti<\/h2>\n

Udisanje para epiklorohidrina smatra se primarnim putem izlo\u017eenosti, ali mogu\u0107 je i zna\u010dajan unos kroz ko\u017eu. Kratkotrajna izlo\u017eenost epiklorohidrinu mo\u017ee uzrokovati iritaciju o\u010diju, di\u0161nih putova i ko\u017ee. Udisanje pare mo\u017ee uzrokovati reakcije sli\u010dne astmi. Osim toga, kontakt s epiklorohidrinom mo\u017ee iritirati i ope\u0107i ko\u017eu i o\u010di. Pri visokim razinama izlo\u017eenosti mogu se uo\u010diti mu\u010dnina, povra\u0107anje, ka\u0161alj, kratko\u0107a daha, upala plu\u0107a, plu\u0107ni edem, u\u010dinci na sredi\u0161nji \u017eiv\u010dani sustav te o\u0161te\u0107enje bubrega i jetre. Ponavljani ili dugotrajni kontakt s epiklorohidrinom mo\u017ee uzrokovati senzibilizaciju ko\u017ee. Osim toga, kroni\u010dna izlo\u017eenost epiklorohidrinu mo\u017ee imati u\u010dinke na bubrege, jetru i plu\u0107a, kao i pove\u0107an rizik od limfnog i hematopoetskog raka. <\/p>\n

\u0160to mo\u017eete u\u010diniti<\/h2>\n

Naju\u010dinkovitiji na\u010din sprje\u010davanja izlo\u017eenosti je zamjena epiklorohidrina, na primjer alternativnim metodama za proizvodnju epoksidnih smola; zamjene za epoksidne smole u razli\u010ditim primjenama kao \u0161to su premazi, gra\u0111evinarstvo, ljepila, laminati i kompoziti; alternativni postupci za sintezu glicerina; i zamjene za elastomere epiklorohidrina. Tamo gdje zamjena epiklorohidrina nije mogu\u0107a i upotreba epiklorohidrina se ne mo\u017ee izbje\u0107i, moraju se poduzeti mjere za smanjenje izlo\u017eenosti. <\/p>\n

Naju\u010dinkovitiji na\u010din izbjegavanja izlo\u017eenosti epiklorodrinu je razvoj i kori\u0161tenje zatvorenih sustava. Tamo gdje to nije mogu\u0107e, treba provesti tehni\u010dke mjere poput u\u010dinkovite lokalne ispu\u0161ne ventilacije, dopunjene dobrom ventilacijom radnog mjesta, kao i provjeru njihove u\u010dinkovitosti kako bi se osiguralo da se izlo\u017eenost svede na najmanju mogu\u0107u mjeru koliko je tehni\u010dki mogu\u0107e. <\/p>\n

Redovito provodite procjene izlo\u017eenosti kako biste provjerili jesu li va\u0161e za\u0161titne mjere u\u010dinkovite ili je potrebno poduzeti daljnje mjere. Radnici moraju biti svjesni u\u010dinaka izlo\u017eenosti i trebaju se redovito obu\u010davati o kontrolnim mjerama potrebnim za siguran rad s epiklorohidrinom kako bi se sprije\u010dila izlo\u017eenost. Preporu\u010duje se uklju\u010divanje lije\u010dnika medicine rada. Potaknite radnike da prijave rane simptome. Osim toga, sve radnike treba uputiti da pravilno operu ruke prije pauze ili ulaska u drugi prostor te da se operu i presvuku na kraju svake smjene. <\/p>\n

Osigurajte da radnici imaju odgovaraju\u0107u osobnu za\u0161titnu opremu, poput za\u0161titne odje\u0107e i rukavica, ako je potrebno. Osobna za\u0161titna oprema ne smije se koristiti kao jedina preventivna mjera. \u0160to vi\u0161e gore navedenih tehni\u010dkih i organizacijskih mjera mora biti prethodno provedeno. Osim toga, pri odabiru opreme mora se uzeti u obzir anatomija radnika koji \u0107e je koristiti, a u slu\u010daju respiratorne za\u0161titne opreme temeljene na prilagodbi licu, toplo se preporu\u010duje provo\u0111enje testa pristajanja na svakoj osobi. <\/p>\n

Osobna za\u0161titna oprema treba se koristiti samo kao krajnje rje\u0161enje i razmatrati samo privremeno, nakon \u0161to su iscrpljena sva mogu\u0107a tehni\u010dka rje\u0161enja. Radnici bi trebali dobiti potrebnu obuku i informacije za pravilnu upotrebu i odr\u017eavanje osobne za\u0161titne opreme. <\/p>\n

Reference: ECHA, CLP, IARC, ICSCs, IOM<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[4565],"class_list":["post-82888","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-epiklorohidrin-hr"],"yoast_head":"\nEpiklorohidrin - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! We collected all the important information these causing substances in easy-to-understand factsheets.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/hr\/fact\/epiklorohidrin\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hr_HR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Epiklorohidrin\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! 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