{"id":83001,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:24","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/rabljena-mineralna-ulja\/"},"modified":"2025-09-04T12:59:57","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T12:59:57","slug":"rabljena-mineralna-ulja","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/hr\/fact\/rabljena-mineralna-ulja\/","title":{"rendered":"Rabljena mineralna ulja"},"content":{"rendered":"

Procjenjuje se da je u EU otprilike milijun radnika izlo\u017eeno mineralnim uljima kao rabljenim motornim uljima. Rabljena motorna ulja IARC klasificira kao kancerogena za ljude (Skupina 1), \u0161to zna\u010di da je poznato da uzrokuju rak ko\u017ee kod ljudi. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Glavni put izlo\u017eenosti, s kojim su povezane glavne patologije ili \u0161tetni u\u010dinci, jest dermalni put, \u0161to zna\u010di da do izlo\u017eenosti dolazi kada je ko\u017ea kontaminirana rabljenim mineralnim uljima. Izlo\u017eenost ovoj vrsti ulja mo\u017ee uzrokovati rak ko\u017ee. Izlo\u017eenost udisanjem je malo vjerojatna. <\/p>\n

Gdje se javljaju rizici<\/h2>\n

Rabljena motorna ulja mogu se na\u0107i u svim vozilima ili strojevima s motorima s unutarnjim izgaranjem, kao \u0161to su automobili i mopedi, dizelske lokomotive, brodski motori, zrakoplovi i prijenosni strojevi, uklju\u010duju\u0107i motorne pile i kosilice. Tako\u0111er se mogu na\u0107i tamo gdje se rukuje otpadom od odr\u017eavanja takvih motora, bilo za obradu i zbrinjavanje ili za ponovnu upotrebu ili oporabu. Otpadna rabljena motorna ulja ponovno se koriste kao aditivi u proizvodnji cementa i kao veziva u asfaltnim mrvicama gume za izgradnju cesta. <\/p>\n

Radnici koji su najvjerojatnije izlo\u017eeni otpadnim motornim uljima su oni koji su uklju\u010deni u odr\u017eavanje, popravak ili pode\u0161avanje tih motora. Posebno \u0107e najvi\u0161e biti izlo\u017eeni riziku profesija automehani\u010dara ili bilo koje druge opreme s motorom s unutarnjim izgaranjem, te operacije koje uklju\u010duju ispu\u0161tanje motornog ulja ili kontakt s impregniranim dijelovima. <\/p>\n

Druga zanimanja koja su u riziku od izlo\u017eenosti ko\u017ee rabljenim motornim uljima su ona povezana s oporabom, regeneracijom ili recikliranjem otpada iz vozila, kao \u0161to su radnici na otpadnim mjestima, upravitelji otpadom zadu\u017eeni za prikupljanje rabljenih motornih ulja.<\/p>\n

Vi\u0161e o supstanci<\/h2>\n

Mineralna ulja koja su se prije koristila u motorima s unutarnjim izgaranjem su rafinirani naftni derivati s kemijskim aditivima koji se koriste za podmazivanje i hla\u0111enje pokretnih dijelova unutar motora, kao i za za\u0161titu metala od korozije.<\/p>\n

PAH<\/a> (policikli\u010dki aromatski ugljikovodici) smatraju se uzrokom kancerogenosti. Neiskori\u0161tena mineralna motorna ulja imaju vrlo nizak sadr\u017eaj PAH-ova i stoga se ne smatraju kancerogenima; me\u0111utim, tijekom njihove upotrebe u motorima s unutarnjim izgaranjem dolazi do promjena u njihovom sastavu, uglavnom zbog povi\u0161enih temperatura i nakupljanja neizgorenih ostataka goriva i produkata izgaranja, zajedno s prisutno\u0161\u0107u zraka. <\/p>\n

Ove promjene u sastavu dovode do zna\u010dajnog pove\u0107anja (izme\u0111u ostalih kemijskih vrsta) sadr\u017eaja PAH-ova, \u0161to pove\u0107ava opasnost kori\u0161tenja ulja. Sadr\u017eaj PAH-ova raste s duljinom vremena kori\u0161tenja ulja u motoru, a tako\u0111er i s brojem prije\u0111enih kilometara. <\/p>\n

Opasnosti koje se mogu pojaviti<\/h2>\n

Kada je ko\u017ea impregnirana rabljenim motornim uljima, bilo izravno ili putem kontakta s zamrljanom odje\u0107om, mogu se pojaviti iritacija i alergijske reakcije. Tako\u0111er su uo\u010deni u\u010dinci poput ekcema, vi\u0161ka masno\u0107e na ko\u017ei i akni. Osim toga, kao \u0161to je gore spomenuto, pokazalo se da izlo\u017eenost ko\u017ee rabljenim motornim uljima uzrokuje rak ko\u017ee, koji se opa\u017ea u skrotumu. Rak skrota rijetka je bolest, povezana samo s profesionalnim izlo\u017eenostima. Bila je to prva opisana profesionalna bolest i bila je povezana s profesijom dimnja\u010dara. <\/p>\n

\u0160to mo\u017eete u\u010diniti<\/h2>\n

Najbolje rje\u0161enje je kontrolirati izlo\u017eenost uklanjanjem ili zamjenom. Me\u0111utim, budu\u0107i da PAH-ovi potje\u010du iz procesa izgaranja, nije lako ukloniti ili zamijeniti ovu tvar. Stoga je bitno zatvoriti izvor kako bi se smanjila izlo\u017eenost ko\u017ee, koja uglavnom nastaje zbog curenja, prskanja ili impregniranih povr\u0161ina. <\/p>\n

Za naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e zadatke odr\u017eavanja motora, opcija kori\u0161tenja zatvorenog sustava nije izvediva jer je potrebna ljudska ru\u010dna intervencija osobe koja obavlja zadatke. Me\u0111utim, mogu se ugraditi sustavi lijevka za prikupljanje otpadnog ulja s mjesta vrlo blizu izlaza, koji sprje\u010davaju prskanje po ko\u017ei, o\u010dima, odje\u0107i ili obli\u017enjim povr\u0161inama. Spremnici za prikupljanje otpadnog ulja trebaju biti dizajnirani tako da sprje\u010davaju curenje ili prskanje. <\/p>\n

Uspostavljanje i nadzor sigurnih postupaka rukovanja, kako za samo ulje tako i za impregnirane dijelove, uklju\u010duju\u0107i kori\u0161tenje krpa za zaprljane upijaju\u0107e materijale ili papira te prikladnih spremnika za otpad, od posebne su va\u017enosti.<\/p>\n

Kad god se izvode ru\u010dni radovi koji mogu dovesti do kontakta ko\u017ee s rabljenim uljem, treba nositi za\u0161titne rukavice i nao\u010dale, kao op\u0107e pravilo i ovisno o specifi\u010dnim kori\u0161tenim tehnikama i kako je odre\u0111eno procjenom rizika. Rukavice trebaju biti izra\u0111ene od materijala nepropusnog za agense, poput vinila ili nitrila, i prekrivati cijelu povr\u0161inu ruke.
\n Op\u0107enito, rukavice za jednokratnu upotrebu treba baciti svaki put kada ih radnik skine. U slu\u010daju kori\u0161tenja rukavica za vi\u0161ekratnu upotrebu, treba ih dobro oprati prije skidanja kako bi se izbjeglo mrljanje ruku nakon skidanja i ponovnog nano\u0161enja rukavice na kontaminiranu ko\u017eu. Me\u0111utim, pri odabiru najprikladnije vrste rukavica treba uzeti u obzir rukuje li se s drugim opasnim proizvodima ili je li potrebno za\u0161tititi se od drugih opasnosti poput opeklina, posjekotina, uboda itd. <\/p>\n

Za radove odr\u017eavanja gdje je potrebno podi\u0107i vozilo radi pristupa donjoj strani, potrebne su za\u0161titne nao\u010dale za za\u0161titu o\u010diju radnika od prskanja. Mogu se koristiti i viziri za lice. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[4753],"class_list":["post-83001","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-rabljena-mineralna-ulja"],"yoast_head":"\nRabljena mineralna ulja - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Procjenjuje se da je u EU izlo\u017eeno otprilike milijun radnika. 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