{"id":83389,"date":"2017-11-28T13:07:59","date_gmt":"2017-11-28T13:07:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/good-practice\/upotreba-pesticida-u-svedskom-sumarskom-sektoru\/"},"modified":"2025-09-04T13:25:15","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T13:25:15","slug":"upotreba-pesticida-u-svedskom-sumarskom-sektoru","status":"publish","type":"good-practice","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/hr\/good-practice\/upotreba-pesticida-u-svedskom-sumarskom-sektoru\/","title":{"rendered":"Upotreba pesticida u \u0161vedskom \u0161umarskom sektoru"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cilj ovog rje\u0161enja bio je prona\u0107i nekemijsku za\u0161titu od insekata koja je ekonomski i ekolo\u0161ki prihvatljiva za sve dionike uklju\u010dene u \u0161umarski sektor u \u0160vedskoj.<\/p>\n

Ciljana populacija i okru\u017eenje<\/h2>\n

Ciljana populacija ovog rje\u0161enja sastojala se od radnika u \u0161vedskom \u0161umarskom sektoru koji su radili sa \u0161tetnim pesticidima (kemikalijama). Ove kemikalije su op\u0107enito profilakti\u010dki insekticidi, poput sintetskih piretroida i neonikotinoida, a kori\u0161tene su za sprje\u010davanje insekata da jedu koru mladih sadnica drve\u0107a. Imaju sna\u017ean u\u010dinak na \u0161irok raspon insekata i \u0161tetan u\u010dinak na zdravlje radnika. Ove kemikalije nisu jasno klasificirane kao kancerogene, ali su povezane s ozbiljnim \u0161tetnim zdravstvenim posljedicama, uklju\u010duju\u0107i curenje iz o\u010diju i nosa, respiratorne probleme, probleme s ko\u017eom i alergije. Iako se ovi pesticidi koriste diljem svijeta, problem u \u0160vedskoj bio je taj \u0161to je ve\u0107ina posla bila sezonska, tj. ljetna sezona, te \u0161to su radnici rukovali prethodno tretiranim sadnicama drve\u0107a bez za\u0161titne odje\u0107e zbog visokih temperatura tijekom ljetne sezone. <\/p>\n

Koraci<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. Identifikacija problema s pesticidima u regeneraciji (1992.). Tada je pitanje upotrebe insekticida prvi put postalo dio dru\u0161tvenog kalendara u \u0160vedskoj. <\/li>\n
  2. Seminar s izumiteljima i istra\u017eiva\u010dima za opis problema (1993.). Nakon seminara, istra\u017eiva\u010di su razvili preko 50 za\u0161titnih ure\u0111aja koji su testirani tijekom godina. Me\u0111utim, samo se nekoliko tih ure\u0111aja pokazalo potencijalno korisnim i nisu bili uvjerljivi u svojim rezultatima. Glavni problem bio je taj \u0161to su insekti bili prili\u010dno otporni, dok sadnice drve\u0107a nisu bile. Dakle, agresivno rje\u0161enje za insekte ubilo bi i sadnice drve\u0107a. <\/li>\n
  3. Kako bi se ubrzao proces pronalaska odr\u017eivijeg i u\u010dinkovitijeg rje\u0161enja, osnovan je Odbor za za\u0161titu sadnica (1998.). Sve relevantne zainteresirane strane za problem insekticida i sadnica drve\u0107a u \u0160vedskoj postale su \u010dlanovi odbora, a zadaci su podijeljeni. Na primjer, Skogforsk (\u0160umarski istra\u017eiva\u010dki institut) preuzeo je administrativne i financijske zadatke te neke istra\u017eiva\u010dke zadatke. Sveu\u010dili\u0161te poljoprivrednih znanosti provelo je ve\u0107inu istra\u017eivanja i do\u0161lo do kona\u010dnog rje\u0161enja problema. Druge zainteresirane strane, poput \u0160vedske agencije za \u0161ume i \u0161umarskih tvrtki, potvrdile su da je odbor ostao na pravom putu i pomogao u potrazi za rje\u0161enjem na svaki mogu\u0107i na\u010din. Sve zainteresirane strane prikazane su na slici ispod. <\/li>\n
  4. Klju\u010d zajedni\u010dkog pronalaska rje\u0161enja bio je taj \u0161to su od prvog dana svi dionici imali isti cilj: prona\u0107i rje\u0161enje za upotrebu insekticida u \u0161vedskom \u0161umarskom sektoru. Druge stranke koje \u017eele u\u0107i u sli\u010dan proces pronalaska rje\u0161enja za upotrebu kemikalija u \u0161umarskom sektoru mogle bi uklju\u010divati i dionike za\u0161tite okoli\u0161a, poput Vije\u0107a za upravljanje \u0161umama (FSC). Ovaj projekt nije uklju\u010divao FSC ili druge dionike za\u0161tite okoli\u0161a, jer su drugi dionici preuzeli tu odgovornost, a FSC u to vrijeme nije bio prisutan u \u0160vedskoj. <\/li>\n
  5. Rje\u0161enje: 2001. godine prona\u0111eno je rje\u0161enje. Plan je bio nanijeti odre\u0111enu vrstu ljepila na bazi vode na stabljike sadnica, a zatim poprskati vrlo fini pijesak po ljepilu. To funkcionira jer insekti ne vole pijesak u ustima i stoga se dr\u017ee podalje od sadnica. Rje\u0161enje je patentirano 2002. godine. <\/li>\n
  6. Kako bi ovo rje\u0161enje bilo profitabilno i dostupno u velikim razmjerima, razvijen je stroj za doziranje ljepila i pijeska. Ovaj stroj, Conniflex, stavljen je na tr\u017ei\u0161te 2009. godine i sve se vi\u0161e koristi u razdoblju od 2010. do 2015. Broj pogo\u0111enih sadnica smanjuje se iz godine u godinu, kao i upotreba insekticida. Va\u017enu ulogu u ovoj fazi projekta odigrao je FSC, koji je pove\u0107ao pritisak na tvrtke da smanje upotrebu kemikalija u \u0161umarstvu i prona\u0111u alternativna rje\u0161enja. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Financiranje<\/h2>\n

    Na po\u010detku rada Odbora (1998.) procijenjeno je da godi\u0161nji prora\u010dun za ovaj projekt iznosi oko 320 000 eura. Projekt bi trajao pet godina. Ve\u0107ina sredstava prikupljena je postizanjem sporazuma sa svim \u0161umskim rasadnicima o pla\u0107anju 0,03 eurocenta po sadnici tretiranoj insekticidom. Budu\u0107i da je pronala\u017eenje rje\u0161enja problema trajalo mnogo dulje nego \u0161to se isprva predvi\u0111alo, ugovor sa \u0161umskim rasadnicima morao se nekoliko puta obnavljati. Kona\u010dni ugovori napisani su za razdoblje od 2010. do 2014. Ukupni tro\u0161kovi od po\u010detka projekta procjenjuju se na oko 6 milijuna eura. <\/p>\n

    Nau\u010dene lekcije
    \n<\/u><\/h2>\n
      \n
    1. Za razvoj rje\u0161enja usporedivih s ovdje opisanim rje\u0161enjem, bitno je identificirati problem i dionike te posti\u0107i dogovor sa svim dionicima o tome u \u010demu je problem.<\/li>\n
    2. Financiranje ovih projekata mo\u017ee biti prili\u010dan izazov, ali dostupna su kreativna rje\u0161enja. Ovaj projekt koristio je nekoliko takvih rje\u0161enja, poput cijene po jedinici, koja je op\u0107enito privla\u010dna zbog niske stope za tvrtke, te kombiniranja nekoliko izvora financiranja, tj. istra\u017eiva\u010dkih sredstava, dr\u017eavnih sredstava i sredstava tvrtki. <\/li>\n
    3. Uloga dionika i njihov utjecaj u dru\u0161tvenom i politi\u010dkom kontekstu mogu se iskoristiti za lobiranje za va\u0161e rje\u0161enje.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

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