{"id":90490,"date":"2025-09-01T11:35:29","date_gmt":"2025-09-01T11:35:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/educational\/tillaga-ad-kennslustund-um-krabbameinsvaldandi-efni-fyrir-9-bekk-grunnskola-lagmark-14-ara\/"},"modified":"2025-09-01T11:35:29","modified_gmt":"2025-09-01T11:35:29","slug":"tillaga-ad-kennslustund-um-krabbameinsvaldandi-efni-fyrir-9-bekk-grunnskola-lagmark-14-ara","status":"publish","type":"educational","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/is\/educational\/tillaga-ad-kennslustund-um-krabbameinsvaldandi-efni-fyrir-9-bekk-grunnskola-lagmark-14-ara\/","title":{"rendered":"Tillaga a\u00f0 kennslustund um krabbameinsvaldandi efni fyrir 9. bekk grunnsk\u00f3la (l\u00e1gmark 14 \u00e1ra)"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li><strong>Efni: Krabbameinsvaldandi efni<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>N\u00e1msgrein: Efnafr\u00e6\u00f0i (n\u00e1tt\u00faruv\u00edsindi)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Aldursh\u00f3pur: (L\u00e1gmark) 9. bekkur grunnsk\u00f3la (14 \u00e1ra)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Tilgangur kennslustundarinnar<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Nemendur d\u00fdpka \u00feekkingu s\u00edna \u00e1 h\u00e6ttulegum eiginleikum efna og hvernig \u00feau eru merkt, sem og \u00e1 me\u00f0h\u00f6ndlun h\u00e6ttulegra efna, s\u00e9rstaklega krabbameinsvaldandi, st\u00f6kkbreytandi og \u00e6xlunarska\u00f0andi efna (CMR).<\/li>\n<li>Nemendur b\u00e6ta vi\u00f0 \u00feekkingu s\u00edna \u00e1 krabbameini og krabbameinsvaldandi efnum (sj\u00e1 efni st\u00f6\u00f0va).<\/li>\n<li>Nemendur \u00fer\u00f3a me\u00f0 s\u00e9r f\u00e6rni \u00ed notkun\/vinnu me\u00f0 \u00fdmsar gagnalindir (gagnagrunna, veraldarvefinn, fagrit o.s.frv.) og \u00ed a\u00f0 kynna e\u00f0a hanna stutta, hnitmi\u00f0a\u00f0a texta um efni\u00f0 og stutt verkefni.<\/li>\n<li>Nemendur eru \u00fej\u00e1lfa\u00f0ir \u00ed samvinnun\u00e1mi og samskiptum og \u00fer\u00f3a gagnr\u00fdna hugsun.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Af\u00fereying<\/h3>\n<p>Markmi\u00f0i\u00f0 er a\u00f0 veita lykilatri\u00f0i\/uppl\u00fdsingar um krabbameinsvaldandi efni innan takmarka\u00f0s t\u00edma me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0  <strong>sn\u00faast \u00ed gegnum sj\u00f6 st\u00f6\u00f0var.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Hva\u00f0 er krabbamein?<\/li>\n<li>Eiginleikar krabbameinsvaldandi efna<\/li>\n<li>Merkingar krabbameinsvaldandi efna<\/li>\n<li>Flokkun krabbameinsvaldandi efna<\/li>\n<li>D\u00e6mi um krabbameinsvaldandi efni og eiginleika \u00feeirra<\/li>\n<li>M\u00f6guleg krabbameinsvaldandi efni \u00e1 vinnusta\u00f0<\/li>\n<li>12 r\u00e1\u00f0 til a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir krabbamein<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>M\u00f6gulegar \u00fatg\u00e1fur af framkv\u00e6md<\/h4>\n<h5>Einfaldasta \u00fatf\u00e6rslan<\/h5>\n<p>Kennarinn undirb\u00fdr efni\u00f0 og verkefnin \u00e1 s\u00e9rstakri, sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0ri st\u00f6\u00f0.<\/p>\n<h5>\u00cdtarleg \u00fatf\u00e6rsla<\/h5>\n<p><em>Undirb\u00faningst\u00edmi fyrir fyrstu skrefin:<\/em><br \/>\n \u00der\u00edeyki\u00f0\/h\u00f3parnir eru mynda\u00f0ir (af handah\u00f3fi e\u00f0a me\u00f0 nafni) sem velja s\u00e9r efni (velja \u2013 draga r\u00f6\u00f0 eftir \u00feema st\u00f6\u00f0varinnar). \u00der\u00edeyki\u00f0\/h\u00f3parnir undirb\u00faa efni st\u00f6\u00f0varinnar samkv\u00e6mt eftirfarandi vi\u00f0mi\u00f0um: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>F\u00ednstilling efnis st\u00f6\u00f0varinnar:<\/em><br \/>\n Byggt \u00e1 undirb\u00fanu efni og \u00fdmsum heimildum draga \u00feeir fram lykilefni\/uppl\u00fdsingar (stutt og hnitmi\u00f0a\u00f0) sem eru mikilv\u00e6gar og vi\u00f0eigandi fyrir jafnaldra.<\/li>\n<li><em>Kennslufr\u00e6\u00f0ileg f\u00ednp\u00fassun st\u00f6\u00f0varinnar:<\/em><br \/>\n Nemendur kynna efni\u00f0\/uppl\u00fdsingarnar \u00e1 eftirminnilegan h\u00e1tt (\u201eeins miki\u00f0 og eins au\u00f0skiljanlegt\u201c) e\u00f0a \u00e1hugaver\u00f0an h\u00e1tt, me\u00f0 n\u00e1msefni, hj\u00e1lparg\u00f6gnum og\/e\u00f0a skipul\u00f6g\u00f0um verkefnum \u00ed 5 m\u00edn\u00fatur \u2192 Undirb\u00faningur n\u00e1msefnis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>M\u00f3tandi framkv\u00e6md<\/h5>\n<p>\u00c1\u00f0ur en n\u00e1msefni\u00f0 er innleitt, eftir a\u00f0 efni fyrir st\u00f6\u00f0varnar hefur veri\u00f0 undirb\u00fai\u00f0, fer fram jafningjagreining \u00e1 n\u00e1msefninu \u2013 \u00fer\u00edeyki\/h\u00f3par fara yfir efni\u00f0 e\u00f0a n\u00e1msefni\u00f0 fyrir hverja st\u00f6\u00f0 (t.d. hver h\u00f3pur fer yfir efni st\u00f6\u00f0varinnar me\u00f0 einni t\u00f6lu l\u00e6gri) og veita endurgj\u00f6f (5 m\u00edn\u00fatur) um umfang efnisins, s\u00e9r\u00feekkingu, gagns\u00e6i, sk\u00fdrleika og notagildi (fyrir alla).<\/p>\n<p>\u00der\u00edeyki\u00f0\/h\u00f3parnir fara aftur \u00e1 st\u00f6\u00f0var s\u00ednar og reyna, ef \u00fe\u00f6rf krefur, a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta n\u00e1msefni\u00f0 sitt \u00fat fr\u00e1 endurgj\u00f6f (10 m\u00edn\u00fatur).<\/p>\n<h4>Innlei\u00f0ingart\u00edmi<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Upphaf virkni:<\/em><br \/>\n Sn\u00faningur h\u00f3pa um st\u00f6\u00f0var r\u00e9tts\u00e6lis.<\/li>\n<li><em>Einf\u00f6ld \u00fatf\u00e6rsla:<\/em><br \/>\n H\u00f3par skiptast \u00e1 milli st\u00f6\u00f0va me\u00f0 vi\u00f0eigandi millibili (t.d. 5 m\u00edn\u00fatum).<\/li>\n<li><em>\u00cdtarleg \u00fatf\u00e6rsla:<\/em><br \/>\n Hver me\u00f0limur \u00fer\u00edeykisins hefur sinn eigin lit (t.d. gr\u00e6nn, bl\u00e1r og rau\u00f0ur). Valinn litur (sem kennarinn \u00e1kve\u00f0ur) ver\u00f0ur \u00e1 sinni st\u00f6\u00f0 (gestgjafi) \u00e1 me\u00f0an hinir tveir fara \u00e1 n\u00e6sta. Eftir 5 m\u00edn\u00fatur kynnir gestgjafi st\u00f6\u00f0varinnar efni\u00f0 e\u00f0a lei\u00f0ir verkefni um efni\u00f0. \u00cd n\u00e6stu umfer\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur gestgjafinn einn af gestnemendunum (annar litur) o.s.frv. (skiptin standa yfir \u00ed 35 m\u00edn\u00fatur + 10 m\u00edn\u00fatur til vara).   <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>M\u00f6gulegt efni og athafnir eftir st\u00f6\u00f0vum<\/h3>\n<h3>St\u00f6\u00f0 1: Hva\u00f0 er krabbamein?<\/h3>\n<p>Spurning fyrir nemendur:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Hvernig skilur \u00fe\u00fa sj\u00fakd\u00f3minn krabbamein?<\/li>\n<li>Hefur \u00fe\u00fa einhverja reynslu af \u00feessum sj\u00fakd\u00f3mi \u00ed \u00feinni st\u00f3rfj\u00f6lskyldu?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Krabbamein er sj\u00fakd\u00f3mur sem einkennist af stj\u00f3rnlausri frumuskiptingu. Frumuskipting er e\u00f0lilegt ferli \u00ed mannsl\u00edkamanum, en a\u00f0eins eins miki\u00f0 og nau\u00f0synlegt er fyrir e\u00f0lilega, l\u00edfe\u00f0lisfr\u00e6\u00f0ilega endurn\u00fdjun \u00f6ldrandi frumna. \u00cd krabbameinsfrumum heldur skiptingin hins vegar \u00e1fram \u00f3heft og vegna \u00feessarar stj\u00f3rnlausu skiptingar vaxa st\u00f6kkbreyttu krabbameinsfrumurnar oft inn \u00ed n\u00e6rliggjandi vefi og geta jafnvel brei\u00f0st \u00fat (mynda\u00f0 meinv\u00f6rp) \u00ed gegnum bl\u00f3\u00f0 e\u00f0a eitla til fjarl\u00e6gra l\u00edff\u00e6ra.  <\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-90443\" src=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Cancer-development.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Cancer-development.webp 600w, https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Cancer-development-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Cancer-development-150x150.webp 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Sheet-no0-General-aspects-Ano-2023-.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hva\u00f0 er krabbamein? Almennir \u00fe\u00e6ttir <\/a><\/p>\n<p>Krabbamein er ekki bara einn sj\u00fakd\u00f3mur heldur heiti yfir meira en tv\u00f6 hundru\u00f0 mismunandi sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma, sem allir m\u00e1 flokka \u00ed nokkra brei\u00f0a flokka (krabbamein, sarkmein, hv\u00edtbl\u00e6\u00f0i og eitlakrabbamein), allt eftir \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed hva\u00f0a l\u00edff\u00e6rum \u00feeir koma fyrir. L\u00edkur \u00e1 a\u00f0 f\u00e1 krabbamein byrja a\u00f0 aukast verulega fr\u00e1 45 til 50 \u00e1ra aldri. Samkv\u00e6mt g\u00f6gnum fr\u00e1 Al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0aheilbrig\u00f0ism\u00e1lastofnuninni (WHO) er krabbamein n\u00e6st algengasta d\u00e1narors\u00f6k um allan heim, strax \u00e1 eftir hjarta- og \u00e6\u00f0asj\u00fakd\u00f3mum, me\u00f0 n\u00e6stum 10 millj\u00f3nir dau\u00f0sfalla \u00e1ri\u00f0 2020. \u00cd \u00e1r hafa 2,7 millj\u00f3nir manna \u00ed Evr\u00f3pusambandinu (ESB) fengi\u00f0 krabbameinsgreiningu. Tali\u00f0 er a\u00f0 krabbamein valdi 52% allra vinnutengdra dau\u00f0sfalla \u00ed Evr\u00f3pusambandinu. Vegna \u00fatsetningar fyrir krabbameinsvaldandi efnum \u00e1 vinnusta\u00f0 f\u00e1 um \u00fea\u00f0 bil 120.000 manns krabbameinsgreiningu \u00e1 hverju \u00e1ri og n\u00e6stum 80.000 l\u00e1ta l\u00edfi\u00f0.     <\/p>\n<h4>Spurningar fyrir nemendur<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Hva\u00f0 anna\u00f0 m\u00e6tti \u200b\u200bsegja v\u00edsindalega um krabbamein? (Sko\u00f0a\u00f0u \u00e1rei\u00f0anlega heimild.) <\/li>\n<li>Hverjir geta fengi\u00f0 krabbamein og hvers vegna?<\/li>\n<li>Hvernig myndir \u00fe\u00fa lj\u00faka gl\u00f3sunum \u00fe\u00ednum um hva\u00f0 krabbamein er?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>St\u00f6\u00f0 2: Eiginleikar krabbameinsvaldandi efna<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Spurningar fyrir nemendur:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Hva\u00f0 segir NAPO um krabbameinsvaldandi efni?<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.napofilm.net\/sl\/napos-films\/napo-danger-chemicals\/toxic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Horf\u00f0u \u00e1 kvikmynd NAPO, \u201eH\u00e6tta: Efni\u201c,<\/a> og svara\u00f0u spurningunum \u00e1 athugunarbla\u00f0inu.<\/li>\n<li>Hvernig geta h\u00e6ttuleg (eitru\u00f0, krabbameinsvaldandi) efni komist inn \u00ed l\u00edkamann? Merktu \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1 sk\u00fdringarmyndina! <\/li>\n<li>Hva\u00f0a eiginleika h\u00e6ttulegra efna vildu kvikmyndager\u00f0armennirnir draga fram me\u00f0 s\u00fdndum brotum?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Eru \u00e1hrif krabbameinsvaldandi efna s\u00fdnileg strax?<\/li>\n<li>Hva\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir langt\u00edma\u00e1hrif krabbameinsvaldandi efnis? Hva\u00f0 anna\u00f0 k\u00f6llum vi\u00f0 sl\u00edka \u00e1hrif h\u00e6ttulegra efna? <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>St\u00f6\u00f0 3: Merking krabbameinsvaldandi efna<\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-86318\" src=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/GHS08_silhouete.original-scaled.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"522\" height=\"522\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/GHS08_silhouete.original-scaled.png 2560w, https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/GHS08_silhouete.original-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/GHS08_silhouete.original-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/GHS08_silhouete.original-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/GHS08_silhouete.original-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/GHS08_silhouete.original-2048x2048.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 522px) 100vw, 522px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img><strong>Spurning fyrir nemendur<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.napofilm.net\/sl\/napos-films\/napo-danger-chemicals\/toxic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00cd NAPO myndinni<\/a> t\u00f3kstu eftir myndt\u00e1kn. \u00deekkir \u00fe\u00fa \u00fea\u00f0? <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00deetta er tilt\u00f6lulega n\u00fdtt myndt\u00e1kn sem gefur til kynna s\u00e9rstaklega h\u00e6ttulegan h\u00f3p efna. \u00dea\u00f0 er einnig kalla\u00f0 <strong>CMR myndt\u00e1kn<\/strong> (skammst\u00f6fun dregin af hugt\u00f6kunum <strong>krabbameinsvaldandi<\/strong> , <strong>st\u00f6kkbreytandi<\/strong> efni og efni sem eru eitru\u00f0 fyrir <strong>\u00e6xlun<\/strong> ). <\/p>\n<p><img><strong>Spurning fyrir nemendur<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Hvernig myndir \u00fe\u00fa \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0a CMR yfir \u00e1 \u00feitt tungum\u00e1l?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Krabbameinsvaldandi efni<\/strong> getur veri\u00f0 efnafr\u00e6\u00f0ilegt, e\u00f0lisfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegt e\u00f0a l\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0ilegt efni e\u00f0a einhver annar \u00fe\u00e1ttur sem getur valdi\u00f0 krabbameini e\u00f0a auki\u00f0 t\u00ed\u00f0ni \u00feess. St\u00f6kkbreytingarvaldar valda st\u00f6kkbreytingum e\u00f0a auka t\u00ed\u00f0ni st\u00f6kkbreytinga. St\u00f6kkbreyting er varanleg breyting \u00e1 magni e\u00f0a uppbyggingu erf\u00f0aefnis frumu. Ef \u00feessar st\u00f6kkbreytingar hafa \u00e1hrif \u00e1 kynfrumur (eggfrumur e\u00f0a s\u00e6\u00f0isfrumur) geta \u00fe\u00e6r borist til afkv\u00e6manna. St\u00f6kkbreytingarvaldar geta veri\u00f0 af efnislegum uppruna (\u00fatsetning fyrir j\u00f3nandi geislun e\u00f0a \u00fatfj\u00f3lubl\u00e1um geislum), efnafr\u00e6\u00f0ilegum uppruna (\u00fatsetning fyrir efnum eins og bensen e\u00f0a formaldeh\u00fd\u00f0i) e\u00f0a l\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0ilegum uppruna (s\u00fdking af v\u00f6ldum \u00e1kve\u00f0inna l\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0ilegra efna (veira, bakter\u00eda og sn\u00edkjud\u00fdra).    <\/p>\n<p>H\u00e6ttuleg efni, svo sem krabbameinsvaldandi efni, eru ekki a\u00f0eins merkt me\u00f0 <strong>myndt\u00e1knum<\/strong> heldur einnig me\u00f0 <strong>vi\u00f0v\u00f6runaror\u00f0um<\/strong> og H- og P-setningum.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hva\u00f0 eru vi\u00f0v\u00f6runaror\u00f0?<\/strong>  \u00deetta eru or\u00f0 sem gefa til kynna alvarleika h\u00e6ttunnar til a\u00f0 vara lesandann frekar vi\u00f0 hugsanlegri h\u00e6ttu. Sl\u00edk or\u00f0 eru t.d. H\u00c6TTA e\u00f0a VI\u00d0V\u00d6RUN ef um krabbameinsvaldandi efni \u00ed flokki 1A e\u00f0a 1B e\u00f0a flokki 2 er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a (\u00fe\u00fa munt kynnast flokkum krabbameinsvaldandi efna \u00e1 n\u00e6stu st\u00f6\u00f0). <\/p>\n<p><strong>H-setningar<\/strong> eru <strong>h\u00e6ttusetningar<\/strong> sem l\u00fdsa e\u00f0li h\u00e6ttulegs efnis og flokka \u00fea\u00f0 vi\u00f0eigandi \u00ed flokk me\u00f0 n\u00fameri. Fyrir krabbameinsvaldandi efni eru \u00feessar setningar til d\u00e6mis: <\/p>\n<p><strong>H350:<\/strong> Getur valdi\u00f0 krabbameini.<br \/>\n<strong>H350i:<\/strong> Getur valdi\u00f0 krabbameini vi\u00f0 inn\u00f6ndun.<br \/>\n<strong>H351:<\/strong> Gruna\u00f0 um a\u00f0 valda krabbameini.<\/p>\n<p><strong>P-setningar<\/strong> eru <strong>var\u00fa\u00f0arsetningar<\/strong> sem l\u00fdsa r\u00e1\u00f0l\u00f6g\u00f0um a\u00f0ger\u00f0um vi\u00f0 me\u00f0h\u00f6ndlun tiltekins h\u00e6ttulegs efnis til a\u00f0 draga \u00far e\u00f0a koma \u00ed veg fyrir ska\u00f0leg \u00e1hrif af v\u00e1hrifum, notkun e\u00f0a f\u00f6rgun h\u00e6ttulega efnisins. Fyrir krabbameinsvaldandi efni eru \u00feessar fullyr\u00f0ingar til d\u00e6mis: <\/p>\n<p><strong>P201:<\/strong> Leiti\u00f0 s\u00e9rstakra lei\u00f0beininga fyrir notkun.<br \/>\n<strong>P202:<\/strong> Ekki me\u00f0h\u00f6ndla fyrr en allar \u00f6ryggisr\u00e1\u00f0stafanir hafa veri\u00f0 lesnar og skildar.<\/p>\n<h3>St\u00f6\u00f0 4: Flokkun krabbameinsvaldandi efna<\/h3>\n<h4>Spurning fyrir nemendur<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Lestu textann h\u00e9r a\u00f0 ne\u00f0an vandlega og svara\u00f0u spurningunni um hver er munurinn \u00e1 evr\u00f3psku og al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legu (bandar\u00edsku) kerfunum fyrir flokkun krabbameinsvaldandi efna?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Krabbameinsvaldandi efni valda krabbameini e\u00f0a auka t\u00ed\u00f0ni \u00feess. Efni sem hafa valdi\u00f0 g\u00f3\u00f0kynja og illkynja myndunum \u00ed d\u00fdratilraunum eru talin vera krabbameinsvaldandi hj\u00e1 m\u00f6nnum nema sterkar v\u00edsbendingar s\u00e9u um a\u00f0 myndunarferli\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00e6xlum eigi ekki vi\u00f0 um menn. Flokkun efna sem krabbameinsvaldandi er ferli \u00fear sem efni eru flokku\u00f0 \u00ed einn af flokkunum byggt \u00e1 styrk og \u00e1rei\u00f0anleika s\u00f6nnunargagna. G\u00f6gn til flokkunar eru fengin me\u00f0 ranns\u00f3knarstofupr\u00f3funum, t\u00f6lvureiknia\u00f0fer\u00f0um og reynslu manna (faraldsfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegar ranns\u00f3knir).     <strong>Flokkun h\u00e6ttulegra og krabbameinsvaldandi efna (\u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 CLP regluger\u00f0ina) byggist \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 bera kennsl \u00e1 h\u00e6ttulega eiginleika \u00feessara efna (EKKI \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 bera kennsl \u00e1 \u00e1h\u00e6ttu \u00feeirra).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Evr\u00f3pusambandi\u00f0<\/strong> notar regluger\u00f0ina um flokkun, merkingu og p\u00f6kkun (CLP), sem flokkar krabbameinsvaldandi efni \u00fat fr\u00e1 \u00e1rei\u00f0anlegum ranns\u00f3knum \u00e1 m\u00f6nnum og d\u00fdrum og, ef nau\u00f0syn krefur, vi\u00f0b\u00f3targ\u00f6gnum. \u00dear eru skilgreindir tveir mismunandi flokkar h\u00e6ttna: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Flokkur 1:<\/strong> inniheldur efni sem vita\u00f0 er e\u00f0a grunur leikur \u00e1 a\u00f0 s\u00e9u krabbameinsvaldandi fyrir menn og skiptist \u00ed tvo flokka:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Flokkur 1A:<\/strong> inniheldur sta\u00f0fest krabbameinsvaldandi efni hj\u00e1 m\u00f6nnum (faraldsfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegar ranns\u00f3knir);<\/li>\n<li><strong>Flokkur 1B:<\/strong> Inniheldur efni sem vita\u00f0 er a\u00f0 hafa krabbameinsvaldandi \u00e1hrif \u00e1 menn samkv\u00e6mt ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0um \u00far d\u00fdrum.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Flokkur 2:<\/strong> inniheldur efni sem grunur leikur \u00e1 a\u00f0 s\u00e9u krabbameinsvaldandi fyrir menn byggt \u00e1 g\u00f6gnum \u00far ranns\u00f3knum \u00e1 m\u00f6nnum og\/e\u00f0a d\u00fdrum en eru ekki n\u00e6gilega sannf\u00e6randi til a\u00f0 setja efni\u00f0 \u00ed flokk 1A e\u00f0a 1B.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0astofnunin um krabbameinsranns\u00f3knir (IARC)<\/strong> flokkar krabbameinsvaldandi efni \u00ed fj\u00f3ra e\u00f0a fimm flokka:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Flokkur 1: efni\u00f0 er krabbameinsvaldandi fyrir menn<\/li>\n<li>Flokkur 2A: efni\u00f0 er l\u00edklega krabbameinsvaldandi fyrir menn<\/li>\n<li>Flokkur 2B: efni\u00f0 er hugsanlega krabbameinsvaldandi fyrir menn<\/li>\n<li>Flokkur 3: efni\u00f0 er ekki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 flokka sem krabbameinsvaldandi fyrir menn<\/li>\n<li>Flokkur 4: Efni\u00f0 er l\u00edklega ekki krabbameinsvaldandi fyrir menn<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Flokkunarregla IARC byggir \u00e1 v\u00edsbendingum um krabbameinsvaldandi \u00e1h\u00e6ttu af v\u00f6ldum \u00fatsetningar fyrir menn. D\u00e6mi: efni sem eykur a\u00f0eins \u00f6rl\u00edti\u00f0 l\u00edkur \u00e1 krabbameini hj\u00e1 m\u00f6nnum vi\u00f0 langt\u00edma\u00fatsetningu fyrir st\u00f3rum sk\u00f6mmtum (v\u00edsbendingar um \u00feessa \u00f6rl\u00edti\u00f0 aukningu eru sterkar) ver\u00f0ur flokka\u00f0 \u00ed 1. flokk, \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 venjulega notkun s\u00e9 efni\u00f0 ekki mj\u00f6g \u00e1h\u00e6ttusamt. <\/p>\n<h3>St\u00f6\u00f0 5: D\u00e6mi um krabbameinsvaldandi efni og eiginleika \u00feeirra<\/h3>\n<h4>Spurning fyrir nemendur<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Af listanum sem gefinn er (e\u00f0a a\u00f0 eigin vali) skaltu velja eitt krabbameinsvaldandi efni (t.d. bensen, akr\u00fdlam\u00ed\u00f0, formaldeh\u00fd\u00f0, asbest) og, me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 nota \u00f6ryggisbla\u00f0 e\u00f0a skr\u00e1 yfir eiginleika \u00feess, l\u00fdsa h\u00e6ttunum sem geta stafa\u00f0 af \u00f3vi\u00f0eigandi notkun.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>St\u00f6\u00f0 6: M\u00f6guleg krabbameinsvaldandi efni \u00e1 vinnusta\u00f0<\/h3>\n<h4>Spurningar fyrir nemendur<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Sko\u00f0i\u00f0 valinn vinnusta\u00f0 og \u00edhugi\u00f0 hva\u00f0a hugsanleg krabbameinsvaldandi efni (kr\u00f3m, kadm\u00edum, bensen, akr\u00fdlam\u00ed\u00f0, formaldeh\u00fd\u00f0, nota\u00f0ar steinefnaol\u00edur fr\u00e1 v\u00e9lum, \u00fatbl\u00e1stur fr\u00e1 d\u00edsilv\u00e9lum, vi\u00f0arryk, asbest) starfsmenn geta rekist \u00e1 \u00e1 \u00feessum vinnusta\u00f0?<\/li>\n<li>Hva\u00f0a a\u00f0ger\u00f0a \u00e6tti vinnuveitandinn a\u00f0 gr\u00edpa til?<\/li>\n<li>Hva\u00f0a a\u00f0ger\u00f0a \u00e6tti starfsma\u00f0urinn a\u00f0 gr\u00edpa til?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>D\u00e6mi um vinnusta\u00f0<\/strong> \u00ed byggingari\u00f0na\u00f0i \u00fear sem asbest hefur veri\u00f0 \u00fatsett:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Asbest hefur veri\u00f0 miki\u00f0 nota\u00f0 \u00ed byggingum og byggingarefnum. Vi\u00f0 starfsemi sem felst \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 mylja asbestinnihaldandi efni losnar asbest\u00fer\u00e6\u00f0ir \u00fat \u00ed lofti\u00f0. Hvorki er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 n\u00e9 finna lykt af einst\u00f6kum asbest\u00fer\u00e1\u00f0um. \u00deessum trefjum er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 anda a\u00f0 s\u00e9r \u00f3afvitandi og festast s\u00ed\u00f0an \u00ed lungum e\u00f0a meltingarvegi.   <\/li>\n<li>Vi\u00f0 langvarandi \u00fatsetningu geta asbest\u00fer\u00e6\u00f0ir, sem anda\u00f0ar eru a\u00f0 s\u00e9r e\u00f0a teknir inn, valdi\u00f0 b\u00f3lgu og krabbameini (lungnakrabbameini og mi\u00f0\u00feekjukrabbameini). Leyndart\u00edmabili\u00f0 fr\u00e1 \u00fatsetningu og \u00fear til krabbamein sem tengist asbesti kemur fram er mj\u00f6g langt (fr\u00e1 15 til 50 \u00e1ra). <\/li>\n<li>\u00c1ri\u00f0 2005 banna\u00f0i Evr\u00f3pusambandi\u00f0 alla notkun asbests og \u00fatdr\u00e1tt, framlei\u00f0slu og vinnslu asbestafur\u00f0a. \u00dea\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir \u00fe\u00f3 ekki a\u00f0 \u00feetta mj\u00f6g ska\u00f0lega efni s\u00e9 ekki lengur \u00ed n\u00e1grenni okkar. \u00devert \u00e1 m\u00f3ti er \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed m\u00f6rgum v\u00f6rum eins og vatnsl\u00f6gnum, st\u00e1lgrindum byggingar, hitakatlum, \u00fe\u00e9ttingum og \u00fe\u00f6kum.  <\/li>\n<li>Hva\u00f0 ver\u00f0a vinnuveitendur a\u00f0 gera? \u00c1\u00f0ur en framkv\u00e6mdir hefjast ver\u00f0a \u00feeir a\u00f0 kanna hvort asbestinnihaldandi efni s\u00e9u til sta\u00f0ar \u00e1 sv\u00e6\u00f0inu. \u00deeir ver\u00f0a a\u00f0 kanna hvort trefjar losni \u00fat \u00ed lofti\u00f0 vi\u00f0 framkv\u00e6mdir og fylgja gildandi reglum stranglega. Starfsmenn ver\u00f0a a\u00f0 vera uppl\u00fdstir um \u00e1h\u00e6ttu og fyrirbyggjandi a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir. H\u00e6fir starfsmenn \u00e6ttu a\u00f0 vinna verki\u00f0 me\u00f0 vi\u00f0eigandi b\u00fana\u00f0i og vinnua\u00f0fer\u00f0um.    <\/li>\n<li>Hva\u00f0 ver\u00f0a starfsmenn a\u00f0 gera? \u00deeir ver\u00f0a a\u00f0 nota vi\u00f0eigandi \u00f6ndunarhl\u00edfar og hl\u00edf\u00f0arfatna\u00f0 sem vinnuveitandi leggur til. Efni sem innihalda asbest ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 fjarl\u00e6gja \u00feannig a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 valdi sem minnstum ska\u00f0a.  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Spurningar fyrir nemendur<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Hva\u00f0 gerir \u00fe\u00fa ef \u00fe\u00fa, sem sj\u00e1lfbo\u00f0ali\u00f0i, tekur \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed hreinsunar\u00e1taki til a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta umhverfi\u00f0 og tekur eftir \u00f3l\u00f6glegri asbest\u00feak\u00farbun?<\/li>\n<li>\u00cdhuga\u00f0u hvort \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9u byggingar \u00ed umhverfi \u00fe\u00ednu me\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f6k \u00far asbestsementi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Vi\u00f0 \u00e6ttum ekki a\u00f0 farga asbestv\u00f6rum sj\u00e1lf, heldur hafa samband vi\u00f0 vi\u00f0urkennda verktaka sem eru \u00fej\u00e1lfa\u00f0ir og hafa vi\u00f0eigandi pers\u00f3nuhl\u00edfar. \u00de\u00fa uppl\u00fdsir skipuleggjendur umhverfisverndar\u00e1taksins um \u00f3l\u00f6glega ur\u00f0un \u00fargangs, sem munu l\u00e1ta l\u00f6gb\u00e6ra eftirlitsyfirv\u00f6ld vita. <\/p>\n<h4>D\u00e6mi um vinnusta\u00f0 \u00ed b\u00edlaverkst\u00e6\u00f0i og \u00fatbl\u00e1stur fr\u00e1 d\u00edsilv\u00e9lum:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Flest h\u00e6ttuleg efni eru merkt og flokku\u00f0, en \u00fea\u00f0 eru einnig krabbameinsvaldandi efni sem myndast sem aukaafur\u00f0ir vi\u00f0 vinnuferli\u00f0. \u00dear sem \u00feessi efni eru yfirleitt ekki merkt og hafa ekki \u00f6ryggisbla\u00f0, skal s\u00e9rstaklega fylgjast me\u00f0 \u00feeim. \u00datbl\u00e1stur d\u00edsilv\u00e9la er fl\u00f3kin blanda af lofttegundum, gufum, flj\u00f3tandi \u00fa\u00f0abr\u00fasum og \u00f6gnum. Tilt\u00f6lulega miki\u00f0 magn af s\u00f3ti er \u00ed \u00fatbl\u00e1sturslofttegundum og blandan inniheldur nokkur krabbameinsvaldandi efni.   <\/li>\n<li>Skammt\u00edma \u00fatsetning fyrir \u00fatbl\u00e1sturslofttegundum fr\u00e1 d\u00edsilv\u00e9lum getur valdi\u00f0 ertingu \u00ed augum, nefi, h\u00e1lsi og lungum. Langvarandi \u00fatsetning getur auki\u00f0 h\u00e6ttuna \u00e1 langvinnum \u00f6ndunarf\u00e6rasj\u00fakd\u00f3mum, \u00fear \u00e1 me\u00f0al lungnakrabbameini. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.napofilm.net\/en\/napos-films\/napo-hidden-killers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Horf\u00f0u \u00e1 teiknimyndina \u201eNapo vekur athygli \u00e1 f\u00f6ldum mor\u00f0ingjum\u201c<\/a> .<\/p>\n<h4>Spurning fyrir nemendur<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Hvers vegna \u00feurfa vinnuveitendur a\u00f0 huga s\u00e9rstaklega a\u00f0 krabbameinsvaldandi efnum sem myndast sem aukaafur\u00f0ir \u00ed vinnuferlinu?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>St\u00f6\u00f0 7: T\u00f3lf r\u00e1\u00f0 til a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir krabbamein<\/h3>\n<p>Vissir \u00fe\u00fa a\u00f0 meira en 12.000 Sl\u00f3venar f\u00e1 krabbamein \u00e1 hverju \u00e1ri, og 5.700 \u00feeirra deyja? Krabbamein er n\u00e6st algengasta d\u00e1narors\u00f6kin \u00ed Sl\u00f3ven\u00edu. Algengustu krabbameinin \u00ed Sl\u00f3ven\u00edu eru:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>H\u00fa\u00f0krabbamein<\/li>\n<li>Ristilkrabbamein<\/li>\n<li>Enda\u00fearmskrabbamein<\/li>\n<li>Lungnakrabbamein<\/li>\n<li>Brj\u00f3stakrabbamein<\/li>\n<li>Krabbamein \u00ed bl\u00f6\u00f0ruh\u00e1lskirtli<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ofangreind krabbamein geta tengst \u00f3hollum l\u00edfsst\u00edl, t.d. \u00f3h\u00f3flegum s\u00f3lb\u00f6\u00f0um, \u00f3vi\u00f0eigandi matar\u00e6\u00f0i, reykingum og \u00f3h\u00f3flegri \u00e1fengisneyslu, sem og \u00fatsetningu fyrir krabbameinsvaldandi efnum \u00e1 vinnusta\u00f0 (t.d. er \u00fatsetning fyrir asbesti enn st\u00f3rt vandam\u00e1l vi\u00f0 fjarl\u00e6gingu, ni\u00f0urrif og vi\u00f0hald bygginga).<\/p>\n<p>L\u00edkur \u00e1 krabbameinsmyndun eru \u00e1kvar\u00f0a\u00f0ar af summu samtengdra \u00e1h\u00e6ttu\u00fe\u00e1tta:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Umhverfis\u00fe\u00e6ttir (l\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0ilegir, efnafr\u00e6\u00f0ilegir og e\u00f0lisfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegir)<\/li>\n<li>L\u00edfsst\u00edll (reykingar, \u00f3hollt matar\u00e6\u00f0i)<\/li>\n<li>V\u00e1hrif krabbameinsvaldandi efna \u00ed vinnuumhverfi<\/li>\n<li>Arfgeng tilhneiging<\/li>\n<li>Handah\u00f3fskennt<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00datsetning fyrir einst\u00f6kum \u00e1h\u00e6ttu\u00fe\u00e1ttum \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir ekki a\u00f0 allir sem ver\u00f0a fyrir \u00e1hrifum muni \u00f6rugglega veikjast, en \u00fea\u00f0 eykur l\u00edkur \u00e1 a\u00f0 veikjast. Hvernig er \u00fe\u00e1 h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 for\u00f0ast krabbamein? Hvernig er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 draga \u00far \u00e1h\u00e6ttu\u00fe\u00e1ttum krabbameins?  <\/p>\n<h4>Spurning fyrir nemendur<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Legg\u00f0u til nokkrar a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir \u00ed bar\u00e1ttunni gegn krabbameini! Ber\u00f0u \u00fe\u00e6r saman vi\u00f0 12 r\u00e1\u00f0 til a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir krabbamein sem l\u00fdst er \u00ed b\u00e6klingi fr\u00e1 Samt\u00f6kum sl\u00f3venskra krabbameinsf\u00e9laga. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>12 r\u00e1\u00f0 til a\u00f0 draga \u00far h\u00e6ttu \u00e1 krabbameini e\u00f0a greina \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1\u00f0ur en vandam\u00e1l lei\u00f0a til l\u00e6knis<\/h4>\n<p>\u00c1ri\u00f0 1986 g\u00e1fu s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0ingar fr\u00e1 Evr\u00f3pu\u00e1\u00e6tluninni gegn krabbameini \u00fat fyrstu \u00fatg\u00e1fu af Evr\u00f3psku reglum gegn krabbameini, byggt \u00e1 fyrri \u00feekkingu \u00e1 \u00fe\u00e1ttum \u00ed b\u00fasetu- og vinnuumhverfi sem tengjast \u00fer\u00f3un krabbameins og a\u00f0fer\u00f0um til a\u00f0 draga \u00far h\u00e6ttu \u00e1 \u00feessum sj\u00fakd\u00f3mi. \u00deetta eru r\u00e1\u00f0 um hvernig eigi a\u00f0 lifa til a\u00f0 l\u00e1gmarka varnarleysi og draga \u00far t\u00ed\u00f0ni krabbameinssj\u00fakd\u00f3ma og d\u00e1nart\u00ed\u00f0ni me\u00f0al \u00edb\u00faa me\u00f0 stu\u00f0ningi r\u00edkisins. N\u00fdjar ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur um \u00e1h\u00e6ttu\u00fe\u00e6tti krabbameins og a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir til a\u00f0 greina sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma eins flj\u00f3tt og au\u00f0i\u00f0 er leiddu til breytinga \u00e1 reglum, fyrst \u00e1ri\u00f0 1995, s\u00ed\u00f0an \u00e1ri\u00f0 2003 og s\u00ed\u00f0ar \u00e1ri\u00f0 2014.  <\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/cancer-code-europe.iarc.fr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fj\u00f3r\u00f0a, uppf\u00e6r\u00f0a \u00fatg\u00e1fa si\u00f0kanna<\/a> var unnin af s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0ingum sem komu saman undir verndarv\u00e6ng Al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0astofnunarinnar um krabbameinsranns\u00f3knir, s\u00e9rh\u00e6f\u00f0rar stofnunar Al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0aheilbrig\u00f0ism\u00e1lastofnunarinnar.<\/p>\n<p>A\u00f0 fylgja uppf\u00e6r\u00f0um r\u00e1\u00f0leggingum dregur ekki a\u00f0eins \u00far h\u00e6ttu \u00e1 krabbameini, heldur einnig \u00f6\u00f0rum langvinnum sj\u00fakd\u00f3mum, s\u00e9rstaklega hjarta- og \u00e6\u00f0asj\u00fakd\u00f3mum, sem eru einnig \u00feeir banv\u00e6nustu. A\u00f0 hugsa um heilsu s\u00edna er pers\u00f3nuleg \u00e1byrg\u00f0 sem er a\u00f0eins m\u00f6guleg \u00ed landi sem sty\u00f0ur heilbrig\u00f0i \u00ed allri stefnum\u00f3tun, \u00feannig a\u00f0 ekki \u00e6tti a\u00f0 vanr\u00e6kja \u00e1byrg\u00f0 samf\u00e9lagsins \u00ed forv\u00f6rnum gegn krabbameini og \u00f6\u00f0rum sj\u00fakd\u00f3mum. <\/p>\n<p><strong>Evr\u00f3pski k\u00f3\u00f0inn gegn krabbameini 2014<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Ekki reykja!<br \/>\n<\/strong>Reyki\u00f0 ekki e\u00f0a noti\u00f0 t\u00f3baksv\u00f6rur \u00ed neinu formi! Reykingaf\u00f3lk, h\u00e6tti\u00f0 a\u00f0 reykja eins flj\u00f3tt og au\u00f0i\u00f0 er! <strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Reyki\u00f0 ekki \u00ed n\u00e1vist annarra!<br \/>\n<\/strong>Reykingar \u00fe\u00ednar geta ska\u00f0a\u00f0 heilsu f\u00f3lksins \u00ed kringum \u00feig! Reyki\u00f0 ekki heima e\u00f0a \u00ed vinnunni. <\/li>\n<li><strong>Haltu heilbrig\u00f0u, e\u00f0lilegu \u00feyngd!<br \/>\n<\/strong>Offita eykur h\u00e6ttuna \u00e1 ristil- og enda\u00fearmskrabbameini, sem og m\u00f6rgum \u00f6\u00f0rum krabbameinssj\u00fakd\u00f3mum. Vi\u00f0haldi\u00f0 e\u00f0lilegri \u00feyngd me\u00f0 hollu og hollu matar\u00e6\u00f0i sem inniheldur miki\u00f0 af gr\u00e6nmeti og \u00e1v\u00f6xtum! Haldi\u00f0 \u00e1fram a\u00f0 hreyfa ykkur!  <\/li>\n<li><b>Vertu l\u00edkamlega virkur \u00e1 hverjum degi!<br \/>\n<\/b>Taktu \u00fev\u00ed r\u00f3lega me\u00f0 kyrrsetuna! Taktu \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed \u00fdmsum ath\u00f6fnum (hra\u00f0ari g\u00f6ngu, hlaupi, hj\u00f3lrei\u00f0um, sundi, g\u00f6ngusk\u00ed\u00f0um)! <\/li>\n<li><strong>Bor\u00f0a\u00f0u hollt!<br \/>\n<\/strong>Bor\u00f0a\u00f0u miki\u00f0 af heilkornav\u00f6rum, belgjurtum, gr\u00e6nmeti og \u00e1v\u00f6xtum! Ekki bor\u00f0a of miki\u00f0 af kalor\u00edur\u00edkum mat (matv\u00e6li sem eru r\u00edk af sykri og fitu) og for\u00f0astu s\u00e6ta drykki! For\u00f0astu kj\u00f6tv\u00f6rur og bor\u00f0a\u00f0u minna af rau\u00f0u kj\u00f6ti og matv\u00e6lum sem eru r\u00edk af natr\u00edum!  <\/li>\n<li><strong>Taktu \u00fev\u00ed r\u00f3lega me\u00f0 allar tegundir \u00e1fengisdrykkja!<br \/>\n<\/strong>Til a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir krabbamein er best a\u00f0 drekka alls ekki \u00e1fenga drykki. Ef \u00fe\u00fa drekkur stundum, \u00fe\u00e1 mega karlar f\u00e1 s\u00e9r a\u00f0 h\u00e1marki tv\u00e6r einingar af \u00e1fengum drykk \u00e1 dag, og konur a\u00f0eins eina (einingin inniheldur 10 g af hreinum \u00e1fengi, sem er \u00ed 1 dl af v\u00edni, 2,5 dl af bj\u00f3r, 0,3 dl af sterku \u00e1fengi e\u00f0a 2,5 dl af musti). <\/li>\n<li><strong>Vertu eins l\u00edti\u00f0 \u00fatsettur fyrir s\u00f3linni og m\u00f6gulegt er!<br \/>\n<\/strong>Noti\u00f0 hl\u00edf\u00f0arfatna\u00f0, h\u00f6fu\u00f0fat, s\u00f3lgleraugu og krem. G\u00e6ti\u00f0 \u00feess a\u00f0 for\u00f0ast s\u00f3lbruna, s\u00e9rstaklega hj\u00e1 b\u00f6rnum!<br \/>\n\u00dea\u00f0 er l\u00edka h\u00e6ttulegt a\u00f0 s\u00f3lba\u00f0a sig \u00ed s\u00f3lba\u00f0sstofum, \u00fear sem \u00e1hrifin eru eins og s\u00f3lin.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vernda\u00f0u \u00feig \u00e1 vinnusta\u00f0 gegn h\u00e6ttulegum efnum sem valda krabbameini!<br \/>\n<\/strong>Kynntu \u00fe\u00e9r efnin sem \u00fe\u00fa ert a\u00f0 f\u00e1st vi\u00f0 \u00ed vinnunni!<br \/>\nFylgi\u00f0 lei\u00f0beiningum um vinnuvernd og \u00f6ryggi!<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vernda\u00f0u \u00feig gegn j\u00f3nandi geislun!<br \/>\n<\/strong>\u00dear sem meira er af geislavirka efninu radoni \u00ed j\u00f6r\u00f0inni getur \u00fea\u00f0 komist inn \u00ed byggingar \u2013 inn \u00ed \u00edb\u00fa\u00f0ar- og vinnur\u00fdmi. Regluleg loftr\u00e6sting dregur verulega \u00far styrk radons \u00ed herbergjum og verndar gegn \u00fer\u00f3un lungnakrabbameins. <\/li>\n<li><strong>Konur<\/strong><br \/>\n Brj\u00f3stagj\u00f6f dregur \u00far h\u00e6ttu \u00e1 krabbameini, svo gef\u00f0u b\u00f6rnunum \u00fe\u00ednum brj\u00f3st ef m\u00f6gulegt er! Taktu \u00fev\u00ed r\u00f3lega me\u00f0 notkun horm\u00f3nalyfja til a\u00f0 lina einkenni t\u00ed\u00f0ahvarfa, \u00fear sem \u00feau tengjast sumum tegundum krabbameins! <\/li>\n<li><strong>Gakktu \u00far skugga um a\u00f0 b\u00f6rnin \u00fe\u00edn s\u00e9u b\u00f3lusett gegn:<br \/>\n<\/strong> Lifrarb\u00f3lga B<br \/>\n HPV-veira hj\u00e1 st\u00falkum (human papillomavirus).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Taktu \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed skipul\u00f6g\u00f0um skimunarverkefnum!<br \/>\n<\/strong>Eftir 50 \u00e1ra aldur skal taka bl\u00f3\u00f0prufu \u00ed h\u00e6g\u00f0um, sem Svit-\u00e1\u00e6tlunin b\u00fd\u00f0ur upp \u00e1! Konur, fari\u00f0 reglulega til kvensj\u00fakd\u00f3mal\u00e6knis \u00ed legh\u00e1lsskimun! Ef \u00fei\u00f0 f\u00e1i\u00f0 bo\u00f0 \u00ed skimun \u00ed Zora-\u00e1\u00e6tluninni, svari\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 strax! Konur eldri en 50 \u00e1ra \u00e6ttu a\u00f0 b\u00f3ka fyrirbyggjandi brj\u00f3stamyndat\u00f6ku. Ef \u00fei\u00f0 f\u00e1i\u00f0 bo\u00f0 \u00ed Dora-\u00e1\u00e6tlunina, svari\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 bo\u00f0inu!    <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","class_list":["post-90490","educational","type-educational","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.0 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tillaga a\u00f0 kennslustund um krabbameinsvaldandi efni fyrir 9. bekk grunnsk\u00f3la (l\u00e1gmark 14 \u00e1ra) - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"is_IS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tillaga a\u00f0 kennslustund um krabbameinsvaldandi efni fyrir 9. bekk grunnsk\u00f3la (l\u00e1gmark 14 \u00e1ra)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Efni: Krabbameinsvaldandi efni N\u00e1msgrein: Efnafr\u00e6\u00f0i (n\u00e1tt\u00faruv\u00edsindi) Aldursh\u00f3pur: (L\u00e1gmark) 9. bekkur grunnsk\u00f3la (14 \u00e1ra) Tilgangur kennslustundarinnar Nemendur d\u00fdpka \u00feekkingu s\u00edna \u00e1 h\u00e6ttulegum eiginleikum efna og hvernig \u00feau eru merkt, sem og \u00e1 me\u00f0h\u00f6ndlun h\u00e6ttulegra efna, s\u00e9rstaklega krabbameinsvaldandi, st\u00f6kkbreytandi og \u00e6xlunarska\u00f0andi efna (CMR). 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STOP carcinogens at work","robots":{"index":"noindex","follow":"follow"},"og_locale":"is_IS","og_type":"article","og_title":"Tillaga a\u00f0 kennslustund um krabbameinsvaldandi efni fyrir 9. bekk grunnsk\u00f3la (l\u00e1gmark 14 \u00e1ra)","og_description":"Efni: Krabbameinsvaldandi efni N\u00e1msgrein: Efnafr\u00e6\u00f0i (n\u00e1tt\u00faruv\u00edsindi) Aldursh\u00f3pur: (L\u00e1gmark) 9. bekkur grunnsk\u00f3la (14 \u00e1ra) Tilgangur kennslustundarinnar Nemendur d\u00fdpka \u00feekkingu s\u00edna \u00e1 h\u00e6ttulegum eiginleikum efna og hvernig \u00feau eru merkt, sem og \u00e1 me\u00f0h\u00f6ndlun h\u00e6ttulegra efna, s\u00e9rstaklega krabbameinsvaldandi, st\u00f6kkbreytandi og \u00e6xlunarska\u00f0andi efna (CMR). 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