{"id":68472,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:22","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/combustion-process\/"},"modified":"2026-10-22T09:28:05","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T09:28:05","slug":"combustion-process","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/is\/fact\/combustion-process\/","title":{"rendered":"Brennsla (ferli)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Losun krabbameinsvaldandi efna sem myndast vi\u00f0 brennslu<\/h2>\n

Flest h\u00e6ttuleg efni eru merkt og au\u00f0kennd, en \u00fea\u00f0 eru einnig krabbameinsvaldandi efni sem myndast sem aukaafur\u00f0 \u00ed vinnuferli, svok\u00f6llu\u00f0 krabbameinsvaldandi efni sem myndast vi\u00f0 ferli (PGCs). \u00dear sem PGCs eru yfirleitt ekki merkt og ekki er minnst \u00e1 \u00feau \u00ed \u00f6ryggisbl\u00f6\u00f0um, \u00feurfa \u00feessi PGCs s\u00e9rstaka athygli \u00ed vinnuverndarstarfi \u00fear sem millj\u00f3nir starfsmanna \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu eru daglega \u00fatsettar fyrir PGCs. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Eitt af \u00feeim ferlum sem losa PGCs er brennsla. Brennsla er efnahv\u00f6rf milli eldsneytis og oxunarefnis \u00e1samt losun varma. Vi\u00f0 brennslu myndast n\u00fd efni \u00far eldsneytinu og oxunarefninu, sem myndar \u00fatbl\u00e1stursgufur. \u00cd vinnuumhverfi losna krabbameinsvaldandi (og \u00f6nnur h\u00e6ttuleg) efni vi\u00f0 brennslu og skapa h\u00e6ttu fyrir starfsmenn. D\u00e6mi um vinnua\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00fear sem \u00fatsetning fyrir krabbameinsvaldandi efnum fr\u00e1 brennslu \u00e1 s\u00e9r sta\u00f0 eru su\u00f0a (su\u00f0ureykur<\/a>) e\u00f0a inn\u00f6ndun d\u00edsil\u00fatbl\u00e1stursgufa<\/a>. <\/p>\n

Hva\u00f0a starfsemi lei\u00f0ir til losunar?<\/h2>\n

Gufur myndast \u00feegar m\u00e1lmur e\u00f0a anna\u00f0 efni er hita\u00f0 og gufur \u00feess \u00fe\u00e9ttast \u00ed mj\u00f6g f\u00ednar agnir \u00fat \u00ed lofti\u00f0. \u00deessar gufur geta losna\u00f0 vi\u00f0 su\u00f0u, br\u00e6\u00f0slu, hitun, brennslu, l\u00f3\u00f0un og her\u00f0ingu efnis. V\u00e9l \u00ed gangi gefur fr\u00e1 s\u00e9r kolefnissamb\u00f6nd og m\u00f6rg \u00f6nnur efnasamb\u00f6nd sem innihalda krabbameinsvaldandi efni, en \u00fatsetning getur samt \u00e1tt s\u00e9r sta\u00f0 \u00feegar v\u00e9lin er sl\u00f6kkt \u00ed r\u00fdmum me\u00f0 enga e\u00f0a litla loftr\u00e6stingu. <\/p>\n

\u00dear sem \u00e1h\u00e6tta kemur upp<\/h2>\n

Brennsluferli eiga s\u00e9r sta\u00f0 \u00ed fj\u00f6lbreyttum atvinnugreinum eins og m\u00e1lmvinnslu, byggingari\u00f0na\u00f0i, skipasm\u00ed\u00f0ast\u00f6\u00f0vum og flutningageiranum. \u00datsetning fyrir \u00fatbl\u00e6stri fr\u00e1 v\u00e9lum \u00e1 s\u00e9r sta\u00f0 \u00ed st\u00f6rfum eins og hj\u00e1 v\u00e9lvirkjum \u00e1 r\u00fatuverkst\u00e6\u00f0um og v\u00f6rub\u00edlast\u00f6\u00f0vum, v\u00f6rub\u00edlstj\u00f3rum, sl\u00f6kkvili\u00f0sm\u00f6nnum, byggingarverkam\u00f6nnum, lyftara\u00f6kum\u00f6nnum, f\u00f3lki sem vinnur me\u00f0 fasta orkugjafa eins og \u00fej\u00f6ppur og rafst\u00f6\u00f0var, starfsf\u00f3lki sem fermir og affermir skip e\u00f0a flugv\u00e9lar, ol\u00edu- og gasstarfsm\u00f6nnum og starfsf\u00f3lki \u00ed veggjaldask\u00fdlum. <\/p>\n

Hversu margir starfsmenn eru \u00fatsettir?<\/h2>\n

\u00c1\u00e6tla\u00f0 er a\u00f0 3,6 millj\u00f3nir starfsmanna \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu ver\u00f0i fyrir \u00fatbl\u00e6stri fr\u00e1 d\u00edsilv\u00e9lum. \u00dear a\u00f0 auki ver\u00f0a millj\u00f3nir starfsmanna \u00ed ESB fyrir gufum sem innihalda krabbameinsvaldandi m\u00e1lma eins og bl\u00fd<\/a>, beryll\u00edum<\/a>, kadm\u00edum<\/a> og nikkel<\/a>. \u00datsetning fyrir kr\u00f3mi VI<\/a> \u00e1 s\u00e9r sta\u00f0 vi\u00f0 su\u00f0u \u00e1 ry\u00f0fr\u00edu st\u00e1li, m\u00e1lmbl\u00f6ndum sem ekki innihalda j\u00e1rn, kr\u00f3mh\u00fa\u00f0un og sumum rekstrarv\u00f6rum fyrir su\u00f0u. \u00c1\u00e6tla\u00f0 er a\u00f0 900.000 starfsmenn \u00ed ESB ver\u00f0i fyrir kr\u00f3mi VI. Su\u00f0a \u00e1 (m\u00e1lm)h\u00fa\u00f0un og leifum, svo sem kadm\u00edumh\u00fa\u00f0un og plasth\u00fa\u00f0un, getur einnig leitt til \u00fatbl\u00e1sturs eitra\u00f0ra gufa. <\/p>\n

\u00de\u00e6ttir sem hafa \u00e1hrif \u00e1 \u00fatsetningu<\/h2>\n

\u00de\u00e6ttir sem hafa \u00e1hrif \u00e1 \u00fatsetningu starfsmanna fyrir bruna\u00fatbl\u00e6stri eru tegund ferlisins, samsetning efnisins sem veri\u00f0 er a\u00f0 brenna, vinnuumhverfi (opi\u00f0 sv\u00e6\u00f0i e\u00f0a loka\u00f0 r\u00fdmi), ger\u00f0 loftr\u00e6stist\u00fdringar (v\u00e9lr\u00e6nnar e\u00f0a sta\u00f0bundinnar) og vinnuh\u00e6ttir.<\/p>\n

Heilsufarsleg \u00e1hrif<\/h2>\n

Uppruni efnisins sem brennt er \u00e1kvar\u00f0ar ger\u00f0 reyksins og \u00fear me\u00f0 heilsufars\u00e1hrifin. Efni sem auka krabbameins\u00e1h\u00e6ttu eru kr\u00f3m (lungu); grunur leikur \u00e1 a\u00f0 nikkel (lungu, nef), kadm\u00edum (lungu, n\u00fdru, bl\u00f6\u00f0ruh\u00e1lskirtill), bl\u00fd (lungu, magi og \u00fevagbla\u00f0ra) og beryll\u00edum (lungu) valdi aukinni krabbameins\u00e1h\u00e6ttu. N\u00e1nari uppl\u00fdsingar um heilsufars\u00e1hrif tiltekinna krabbameinsvaldandi m\u00e1lma og efna er a\u00f0 finna \u00ed uppl\u00fdsingabl\u00f6\u00f0um fyrir einst\u00f6k efni \u00e1 vefs\u00ed\u00f0unni: \u00datbl\u00e1stur d\u00edsilol\u00edu<\/a> og su\u00f0ureykur.<\/a> <\/p>\n

Hva\u00f0 \u00e1 a\u00f0 gera?<\/h2>\n