{"id":106547,"date":"2026-06-29T10:13:55","date_gmt":"2026-06-29T10:13:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/diklorometan-2\/"},"modified":"2026-06-29T10:13:55","modified_gmt":"2026-06-29T10:13:55","slug":"diklorometan-2","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/mt\/fact\/diklorometan-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Diklorometan"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dejta eqdem (CAREX) mill-1990 turi espo\u017cizzjoni okkupazzjonali g\u0127ad-diklorometan (mag\u0127ruf ukoll b\u0127ala klorur tal-metilin jew kloroform) g\u0127al madwar 250,000 \u0127addiem fl-UE (15-il Stat Membru). Madankollu, l-u\u017cu tad-diklorometan minn dakinhar \u0121ie ristrett b’mod sinifikanti (Regolament REACH, Direttiva dwar l-Ilma tax-Xorb). <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

L-istimi attwali tal-espo\u017cizzjoni okkupazzjonali g\u0127ad-diklorometan fl-UE mhumiex disponibbli. Ir-rotot ewlenin ta’ espo\u017cizzjoni fil-post tax-xog\u0127ol huma l-passa\u0121\u0121 respiratorju u l-\u0121ilda. Id-diklorometan g\u0127andu klassifikazzjoni armonizzata skont is-CLP b\u0127ala kar\u010bino\u0121eniku tal-kategorija 2. L-IARC tikklassifika s-sustanza b\u0127ala kar\u010bino\u0121enu tal-Grupp 2A (probabbilment kar\u010bino\u0121eniku g\u0127all-bnedmin). Id-diklorometan huwa suspettat li jikkaw\u017ca kan\u010ber tal-frixa, tal-pulmun u tal-fwied. <\/p>\n

Fejn ise\u0127\u0127u r-riskji<\/h2>\n

Id-diklorometan jintu\u017ca primarjament b\u0127ala stripper ta\u017c-\u017cebg\u0127a, sgrassant, propellant, refri\u0121erant u solvent tal-estrazzjoni. Huwa volatili \u0127afna, i\u0127oll \u0127afna sustanzi organi\u010bi u g\u0127alhekk jintu\u017ca wkoll b\u0127ala solvent g\u0127ar-re\u017cini, ix-xa\u0127mijiet, il-plastiks u l-bitumen. Iservi wkoll b\u0127ala kolla g\u0127al applikazzjonijiet spe\u010bjali (\u0127\u0121ie\u0121 akriliku, polistirene). <\/p>\n

Id-diklorometan huwa volatili \u0127afna, li jfisser li meta jintu\u017ca fuq \u017cona kbira, kon\u010bentrazzjonijiet g\u0127oljin jistg\u0127u jin\u0121abru malajr fl-arja u ji\u0121u inalati. Waqt applikazzjonijiet fuq skala kbira b\u0127al dawn, b\u0127at-tne\u0127\u0127ija tax-xa\u0127am jew it-twa\u0127\u0127il ta’ u\u010bu\u0127 (tal-plastik), xorta jistg\u0127u jse\u0127\u0127u kon\u010bentrazzjonijiet g\u0127oljin ta’ diklorometan fl-arja li tittie\u0127ed man-nifs. Espo\u017cizzjonijiet ta’ intensit\u00e0 g\u0127olja huma possibbli g\u0127al \u0127addiema li ju\u017caw strippers ta\u017c-\u017cebg\u0127a (industrija tal-kostruzzjoni, rinnovazzjoni) u waqt kompiti b\u0127at-tindif tat-tankijiet, it-tne\u0127\u0127ija tax-xa\u0127am, il-manutenzjoni ta’ spazji mag\u0127luqa. Espo\u017cizzjonijiet ta’ intensit\u00e0 medja huma tipi\u010bi fil-manifattura kimika, il-produzzjoni farma\u010bewtika u l-formulazzjoni tas-solventi filwaqt li espo\u017cizzjonijiet ta’ intensit\u00e0 baxxa jistg\u0127u jkunu mistennija f’laboratorji analiti\u010bi, ta’ ri\u010berka u tal-kura tas-sa\u0127\u0127a, g\u0127all-persunal tal-laboratorju u fl-industrija farma\u010bewtika (a\u0121enti ta’ estrazzjoni), u meta jitwettqu trattamenti tal-u\u010bu\u0127 tal-plastik b’a\u0121enti li jne\u0127\u0127u x-xa\u0127am u ade\u017civi. <\/p>\n

Aktar dwar is-sustanza<\/h2>\n

Id-diklorometan huwa idrokarbur alo\u0121enat saturat alifatiku li, fil-forma pura tieg\u0127u, huwa likwidu bla kulur b’ri\u0127a simili g\u0127all-kloroform. G\u0127andu punt ta’ tog\u0127lija baxx ta’ 40\u00b0C u pressjoni tal-fwar ta’ 470 hPa (f’20\u00b0C) u huwa volatili \u0127afna. Meta jintu\u017caw prodotti li fihom id-diklorometan, madwar 85% tas-sustanza ti\u0121i rilaxxata fl-ambjent. Ta\u0127t kundizzjonijiet normali ta’ u\u017cu, id-diklorometan mhuwiex fjammabbli; madankollu, jista’ jkun hemm riskju ta’ splu\u017cjoni f’kontenituri mag\u0127luqa. <\/p>\n

Min\u0127abba r-restrizzjonijiet fuq l-u\u017cu skont ir-Regolament REACH, l-istrippers ta\u017c-\u017cebg\u0127a li fihom aktar minn 0.1% bil-pi\u017c ta’ diklorometan jistg\u0127u jintu\u017caw biss kummer\u010bjalment minn persunal im\u0127arre\u0121 apposta. Il-kombustjoni tad-diklorometan tista’ tipprodu\u010bi fos\u0121en gassu\u017c u tossiku \u0127afna. <\/p>\n

Perikli li jistg\u0127u jse\u0127\u0127u<\/h2>\n

Jekk is-sustanza ti\u0121i assorbita f’forma likwida, e\u017c. mill-\u0121ilda, din taffettwa primarjament is-sistema nervu\u017ca \u010bentrali u tikkaw\u017ca sintomi b\u0127al u\u0121ig\u0127 ta’ ras, sturdament, dardir, tnemnim, u kon\u010bentrazzjoni indebolita. Fil-\u0121isem, id-diklorometan ji\u0121i kkonvertit f’monossidu tal-karbonju, u b’hekk jikkaw\u017ca avvelenament bil-monossidu tal-karbonju. Jistg\u0127u jse\u0127\u0127u wkoll irritazzjoni tal-passa\u0121\u0121 respiratorju u tal-g\u0127ajnejn, telf ta’ aptit, kon\u010bentrazzjoni fqira u g\u0127eja. <\/p>\n

Kuntatt fit-tul mal-\u0121ilda jwassal g\u0127at-tkissir tat-tessut tax-xa\u0127am, u b’hekk jikkaw\u017ca raxx u \u0127akk fil-\u0121ilda. Il-fwar tad-diklorometan huwa itqal mill-arja u g\u0127alhekk jakkumula \u0127dejn l-art. L-inalazzjoni tal-fwar tista’ tikkaw\u017ca \u0127sara lin-nerv ottiku u lill-fwied (epatite). <\/p>\n

L-aktar effett rilevanti ta’ espo\u017cizzjoni fit-tul huwa l-kar\u010bino\u0121eni\u010bit\u00e0. Id-diklorometan huwa suspettat li jikkaw\u017ca kan\u010ber tal-frixa, tal-pulmun u tal-fwied. <\/p>\n

Il-perjodi ta’ latenza g\u0127all-i\u017cvilupp tal-kan\u010ber wara espo\u017cizzjoni g\u0127ad-diklorometan jistg\u0127u jvarjaw minn 20 sa 30 sena.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dak li tista’ tag\u0127mel<\/h2>\n

L-ewwel u qabel kollox, g\u0127andek ti\u010b\u010bekkja jekk il-prodotti li fihom id-diklorometan jistg\u0127ux ji\u0121u sostitwiti b’alternattivi inqas perikolu\u017ci jew mhux perikolu\u017ci. Hemm varjet\u00e0 wiesg\u0127a ta’ prodotti alternattivi, partikolarment g\u0127all-u\u017cu b\u0127ala propellant. Jekk l-ebda sostitut ma jkun disponibbli, iridu ji\u0121u implimentati mi\u017curi xierqa ta’ sa\u0127\u0127a u sigurt\u00e0, spe\u010bjalment g\u0127al applikazzjonijiet fuq skala kbira, biex ji\u0121u protetti l-\u0127addiema esposti. Il-fwar irid jinqabad u ji\u0121i estratt fis-sors jew qrib l-art bl-u\u017cu ta’ sistemi ta’ estrazzjoni. L-g\u0127add ta’ persuni esposti u t-tul ta’ \u017cmien tal-espo\u017cizzjoni g\u0127andhom jin\u017cammu g\u0127al minimu. Il-\u0127addiema esposti g\u0127andhom jing\u0127ataw struzzjonijiet regolari, b’mod komprensibbli, dwar ir-riskji tad-diklorometan u l-implimentazzjoni ta’ mi\u017curi protettivi. Ladarba l-mi\u017curi kollha msemmija jkunu \u0121ew e\u017cawriti, l-assorbiment tad-diklorometan fil-\u0121isem jista’ jitnaqqas aktar permezz tal-u\u017cu ta’ tag\u0127mir protettiv personali (PPE) u \u0127wejje\u0121 tax-xog\u0127ol xierqa. Il-PPE u l-\u0127wejje\u0121 tax-xog\u0127ol g\u0127andhom ikunu jistg\u0127u jitnaddfu u jin\u0127a\u017cnu b’mod i\u0121jeniku. Meta tu\u017ca protezzjoni respiratorja u ingwanti, l-istruzzjonijiet tal-manifattur dwar l-adegwatezza, l-immani\u0121\u0121jar, il-manutenzjoni, it-tindif u l-\u0127in tal-penetrazzjoni g\u0127andhom ji\u0121u segwiti. <\/p>\n

Referenzi: OECD, ECHA; EU-OSHA, Gestis, KE, UBA.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[5942],"class_list":["post-106547","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-diklorometan-mt"],"yoast_head":"\nDiklorometan - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! We collected all the important information these causing substances in easy-to-understand factsheets.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/mt\/fact\/diklorometan-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"mt_MT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Diklorometan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! 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