{"id":85356,"date":"2025-03-18T07:53:03","date_gmt":"2025-03-18T07:53:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/duhhan-kirurgiku\/"},"modified":"2025-10-23T09:26:57","modified_gmt":"2025-10-23T09:26:57","slug":"duhhan-kirurgiku","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/mt\/fact\/duhhan-kirurgiku\/","title":{"rendered":"Du\u0127\u0127an Kirur\u0121iku"},"content":{"rendered":"

Skont id-dejta mill-2018, mill-1.7 miljun tabib u t-3.1 miljun infermier li ja\u0127dmu fl-UE, eluf ja\u0127dmu f’kmamar tal-operazzjonijiet kuljum. Dan jinkludi l-400,000 kirurgu li ja\u0127dmu f’kmamar tal-operazzjonijiet madwar l-UE. Id-du\u0127\u0127an kirur\u0121iku, li jse\u0127\u0127 f’kmamar tal-operazzjonijiet (OR) meta jintu\u017ca tag\u0127mir elettrokirur\u0121iku, lej\u017cers u tag\u0127mir ie\u0127or tal-ener\u0121ija, jista’ jkun fih, skont it-tessuti, varjet\u00e0 u kwantitajiet differenti ta’ sustanzi ta’ \u0127sara, inklu\u017ci kar\u010bino\u0121eni tal-kategorija 1A b\u0127all-ben\u017cin u l-formaldejde. Jekk ikun espost g\u0127ad-du\u0127\u0127an kirur\u0121iku, \u0121urnata fil-kamra tal-operazzjonijiet tista’ tkun perikolu\u017ca daqs it-tipjip ta’ 27 sigarett kuljum, u dan jo\u0127loq theddida sinifikanti g\u0127as-sa\u0127\u0127a tal-istaff tal-kamra tal-operazzjonijiet madwar l-Ewropa. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

It-tobba, l-infermiera u t-tekni\u010bi tal-kamra tal-operazzjonijiet iqattg\u0127u ammont sinifikanti ta\u2019 \u0127in fil-kmamar tal-operazzjonijiet u g\u0127alhekk huma esposti \u0127afna g\u0127ar-riskji tad-du\u0127\u0127an kirur\u0121iku, billi jie\u0127du n-nifs ta\u2019 arja li fiha sa 150 tossina ta\u2019 \u0127sara, inklu\u017ci kar\u010bino\u0121eni mag\u0127rufa sew.<\/p>\n

Fejn ise\u0127\u0127u r-riskji<\/h2>\n

Id-du\u0127\u0127an kirur\u0121iku, mag\u0127ruf ukoll b\u0127ala rix tad-dijatermija, ise\u0127\u0127 waqt il-kirur\u0121ija u ji\u0121i prodott bl-u\u017cu ta’ apparati kirur\u0121i\u010bi b\u0127al lej\u017cers, unitajiet elettrokirur\u0121i\u010bi, unitajiet ultrasoni\u010bi, unitajiet ta’ kawterja, u trapani u burrs b’velo\u010bit\u00e0 g\u0127olja u\u017cati biex jaqtg\u0127u u jiddissezzjonaw it-tessut. Id-du\u0127\u0127an kirur\u0121iku fih varjet\u00e0 ta’ sustanzi tossi\u010bi, inklu\u017ci ben\u017cin u formaldejde. <\/p>\n

Infermiera, kirurgi, anestesisti, tekni\u010bi, veterinarji u kull min ja\u0127dem fil-kmamar tal-operazzjonijiet huma l-aktar f’riskju ta’ kumplikazzjonijiet tas-sa\u0127\u0127a kkaw\u017cati mid-du\u0127\u0127an kirur\u0121iku min\u0127abba espo\u017cizzjoni e\u010b\u010bessiva. Huwa importanti wkoll li wie\u0127ed jinnota li l-\u0127addiema tal-kura tas-sa\u0127\u0127a mhumiex l-uni\u010bi li jinsabu fil-periklu mid-du\u0127\u0127an kirur\u0121iku. <\/p>\n

Aktar dwar il-periklu<\/h2>\n

Id-du\u0127\u0127an kirur\u0121iku huwa mag\u0127mul minn madwar 95% ilma u 5% fwar organiku u debris \u010bellulari f’forma ta’ materja partikulata. Il-materja partikulata hija mag\u0127mula minn kimi\u010bi, parti\u010belli tad-demm u tat-tessuti, viruses, u batterji. Din il-varjet\u00e0 ta’ sustanzi tossi\u010bi u ta’ \u0127sara huma perikolu\u017ci g\u0127an-nies esposti g\u0127alihom. <\/p>\n

Il-komponenti tad-du\u0127\u0127an kirur\u0121iku jinkludu a\u010betonitrile, akroleina, ben\u017cin<\/a> , toluene, formaldehyde<\/a> u idrokarburi aromati\u010bi poli\u010bikli\u010bi<\/a> . Studji wrew li fid-du\u0127\u0127an kirur\u0121iku jinsabu komposti kimi\u010bi u bijolo\u0121i\u010bi li huma irritanti, muta\u0121eni\u010bi, kar\u010bino\u0121eni\u010bi u newrotossi\u010bi.<\/p>\n

Perikli li jistg\u0127u jse\u0127\u0127u<\/h2>\n

Id-du\u0127\u0127an kirur\u0121iku jista\u2019 jikkaw\u017ca \u0127sara diretta u indiretta mill-parti\u010belli li fih. Fil-ka\u017c ta\u2019 effetti diretti, jista\u2019 jwassal g\u0127al irritazzjoni tal-g\u0127ajnejn u l-\u0121ilda (mag\u0127rufa b\u0127ala dermatite), u\u0121ig\u0127 ta\u2019 ras akut jew rinite aller\u0121ika fl-istaff tal-kamra tal-operazzjonijiet tal-isptar. Jista\u2019 wkoll i\u017cid ir-riskju ta\u2019 kundizzjonijiet kroni\u010bi tal-pulmun, b\u0127all-a\u017cma relatata max-xog\u0127ol u l-marda pulmonari ostruttiva kronika (COPD). Ir-ri\u010berka wriet li l-infermiera tal-kamra tal-operazzjonijiet huma f\u2019riskju og\u0127la ta\u2019 a\u017cma persistenti severa minn infermiera o\u0127ra. <\/p>\n

Fil-ka\u017c ta’ effetti indiretti, \u0121ie rrappurtat b\u0127ala periklu g\u0127al kumplikazzjonijiet tat-tqala u infertilit\u00e0 f’kirurgi nisa. Hemm ukoll t\u0127assib li d-du\u0127\u0127an kirur\u0121iku jista’ jittra\u017cmetti infezzjonijiet, b\u0127al viruses jew batterji \u0127ajjin. <\/p>\n

Dak li tista’ tag\u0127mel<\/h2>\n

Te\u017cisti firxa ta\u2019 teknolo\u0121iji biex tindirizza d-du\u0127\u0127an kirur\u0121iku, li w\u0127ud minnhom huma aktar effettivi minn o\u0127rajn. Dawn jinkludu sistemi ta\u2019 ventilazzjoni g\u0127olja, apparati lokali g\u0127all-estrazzjoni tad-du\u0127\u0127an u maskri kirur\u0121i\u010bi g\u0127all-filtrazzjoni. Appro\u010b\u010b komprensiv jirrikjedi li jintu\u017caw teknolo\u0121iji differenti f\u2019daqqa. Billi jaqbdu d-du\u0127\u0127an direttament fis-sors u jiffiltraw il-parti\u010belli \u017cg\u0127ar, l-apparati lokali g\u0127all-evakwazzjoni ji\u017cguraw espo\u017cizzjoni minima jew xejn g\u0127all-effetti ta\u2019 \u0127sara tad-du\u0127\u0127an kirur\u0121iku. Anke jekk jistg\u0127u jintu\u017caw diversi mekkani\u017cmi biex jipprote\u0121u s-sa\u0127\u0127a ta\u2019 dawk li ja\u0127dmu fil-kmamar tal-operazzjonijiet, xejn mhu effi\u010bjenti daqs il-qbid tad-du\u0127\u0127an kirur\u0121iku direttament fis-sors u l-iffiltrar tal-parti\u010belli \u017cg\u0127ar. L-apparati lokali g\u0127all-evakwazzjoni jippre\u017centaw l-aktar protezzjoni lill-professjonisti tal-kura tas-sa\u0127\u0127a u lill-pazjenti. G\u0127alhekk huwa rakkomandat li jitne\u0127\u0127a d-du\u0127\u0127an kirur\u0121iku f\u2019vi\u010binanza ta\u2019 mhux aktar minn 2 \u010bm mis-sors biex jitnaqqas ir-riskju ta\u2019 espo\u017cizzjoni. <\/p>\n

Madankollu, it-tessuti jistg\u0127u jinqasmu fi tliet klassijiet distinti skont il-produzzjoni tad-du\u0127\u0127an kirur\u0121iku tag\u0127hom. Tessuti b’PM g\u0127oli, b\u0127all-fwied, tessuti b’PM medju, inklu\u017ci l-korti\u010bi renali, il-pelvi renali, u l-muskolu skeletriku u tessuti b’PM baxx, b\u0127all-\u0121ilda, materja gri\u017ca, materja bajda, bronki, u xa\u0127am ta’ ta\u0127t il-\u0121ilda. <\/p>\n

Filwaqt li l-qbid mis-sors huwa effettiv \u0127afna b’mod \u0121enerali, jista’ ma jkunx bi\u017c\u017cejjed g\u0127al tessuti b’livell g\u0127oli ta’ PM b\u0127all-fwied. Anke b’sistemi ta’ evakwazzjoni tad-du\u0127\u0127an, il-kon\u010bentrazzjonijiet ta’ materja partikulata xorta jistg\u0127u jil\u0127qu livelli mhux tajbin g\u0127as-sa\u0127\u0127a meta joperaw fuq tessuti b’livell g\u0127oli ta’ PM. Dan jissu\u0121\u0121erixxi li mi\u017curi protettivi addizzjonali, b\u0127al filtri ULPA, mi\u017curi organizzattivi (e\u017c., tnaqqis fin-numru ta’ staff u t-tul tal-pre\u017cenza tag\u0127hom fil-kamra tal-operazzjoni), u respiraturi (FFP3), flimkien ma’ apparati ta’ evakwazzjoni tad-du\u0127\u0127an, huma me\u0127tie\u0121a biex ji\u017cguraw protezzjoni adegwata g\u0127all-persunal tal-kamra tal-operazzjoni. <\/p>\n

Maskri tal-wi\u010b\u010b u sistemi ta’ ventilazzjoni jintu\u017caw \u0127afna fil-kmamar tal-operazzjonijiet, i\u017cda jirri\u017cultaw li mhumiex effettivi kontra d-du\u0127\u0127an kirur\u0121iku. Pere\u017cempju, 77% tal-parti\u010belli fid-du\u0127\u0127an kirur\u0121iku mhumiex iffiltrati b’mod adegwat minn maskri kirur\u0121i\u010bi standard u maskri ta’ filtrazzjoni g\u0127olja huma effettivi biss sa 0.1 mikron li ma jiffiltrawx il-viruses kollha b’effetti potenzjali sussegwenti fuq is-sa\u0127\u0127a. Madankollu, filtru ULPA (Ultra-Low Particular Air) huwa effi\u010bjenti fit-tne\u0127\u0127ija ta’ parti\u010belli submikron mill-arja. <\/p>\n

Referenzi: Koalizzjoni Kirur\u0121ika g\u0127at-Tipjip<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[6858],"class_list":["post-85356","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-duhhan-kirurgiku"],"yoast_head":"\nDu\u0127\u0127an Kirur\u0121iku - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! We collected all the important information these causing substances in easy-to-understand factsheets.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/mt\/fact\/duhhan-kirurgiku\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"mt_MT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Du\u0127\u0127an Kirur\u0121iku\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! We collected all the important information these causing substances in easy-to-understand factsheets.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/mt\/fact\/duhhan-kirurgiku\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"STOP carcinogens at work\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-10-23T09:26:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/mt\\\/fact\\\/duhhan-kirurgiku\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/mt\\\/fact\\\/duhhan-kirurgiku\\\/\",\"name\":\"Du\u0127\u0127an Kirur\u0121iku - STOP carcinogens at work\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/mt\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-03-18T07:53:03+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-10-23T09:26:57+00:00\",\"description\":\"Be aware of what you work with! We collected all the important information these causing substances in easy-to-understand factsheets.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/mt\\\/fact\\\/duhhan-kirurgiku\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"mt-MT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/mt\\\/fact\\\/duhhan-kirurgiku\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/mt\\\/fact\\\/duhhan-kirurgiku\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/mt\\\/waqqaf-il-karcinogeni-fuq-il-post-tax-xoghol\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Facts\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/mt\\\/fact\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Il-kar\u010bino\u0121eni kollha\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/mt\\\/carcinogens\\\/il-karcinogeni-kollha\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Du\u0127\u0127an Kirur\u0121iku\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/mt\\\/carcinogens\\\/duhhan-kirurgiku\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":5,\"name\":\"Du\u0127\u0127an Kirur\u0121iku\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/mt\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/mt\\\/\",\"name\":\"STOP Carcinogens at work\",\"description\":\"Every year, about 100.000 people die from cancer that was caused by exposure to carcinogens at work in Europe.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/mt\\\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"Roadmap on Carcinogens\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/mt\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"mt-MT\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/mt\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"TNO\",\"alternateName\":\"This is a European wide voluntary action scheme\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/mt\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"mt-MT\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/mt\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/cropped-FavLarge-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/cropped-FavLarge-1.png\",\"width\":512,\"height\":512,\"caption\":\"TNO\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/mt\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/homepage\\\/legal\\\/\",\"ownershipFundingInfo\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/general\\\/about-us\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Du\u0127\u0127an Kirur\u0121iku - STOP carcinogens at work","description":"Be aware of what you work with! We collected all the important information these causing substances in easy-to-understand factsheets.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/mt\/fact\/duhhan-kirurgiku\/","og_locale":"mt_MT","og_type":"article","og_title":"Du\u0127\u0127an Kirur\u0121iku","og_description":"Be aware of what you work with! We collected all the important information these causing substances in easy-to-understand factsheets.","og_url":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/mt\/fact\/duhhan-kirurgiku\/","og_site_name":"STOP carcinogens at work","article_modified_time":"2025-10-23T09:26:57+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/mt\/fact\/duhhan-kirurgiku\/","url":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/mt\/fact\/duhhan-kirurgiku\/","name":"Du\u0127\u0127an Kirur\u0121iku - STOP carcinogens at work","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/mt\/#website"},"datePublished":"2025-03-18T07:53:03+00:00","dateModified":"2025-10-23T09:26:57+00:00","description":"Be aware of what you work with! We collected all the important information these causing substances in easy-to-understand factsheets.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/mt\/fact\/duhhan-kirurgiku\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"mt-MT","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/mt\/fact\/duhhan-kirurgiku\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/mt\/fact\/duhhan-kirurgiku\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/mt\/waqqaf-il-karcinogeni-fuq-il-post-tax-xoghol\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Facts","item":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/mt\/fact\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Il-kar\u010bino\u0121eni kollha","item":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/mt\/carcinogens\/il-karcinogeni-kollha\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"Du\u0127\u0127an Kirur\u0121iku","item":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/mt\/carcinogens\/duhhan-kirurgiku\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":5,"name":"Du\u0127\u0127an Kirur\u0121iku"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/mt\/#website","url":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/mt\/","name":"STOP Carcinogens at work","description":"Every year, about 100.000 people die from cancer that was caused by exposure to carcinogens at work in Europe.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/mt\/#organization"},"alternateName":"Roadmap on Carcinogens","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/mt\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"mt-MT"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/mt\/#organization","name":"TNO","alternateName":"This is a European wide voluntary action scheme","url":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/mt\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"mt-MT","@id":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/mt\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/cropped-FavLarge-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/cropped-FavLarge-1.png","width":512,"height":512,"caption":"TNO"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/mt\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"publishingPrinciples":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/homepage\/legal\/","ownershipFundingInfo":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/general\/about-us\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fact\/85356","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fact"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/fact"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=85356"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"carcinogens","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/mt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/carcinogens?post=85356"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}