{"id":85357,"date":"2024-01-04T09:27:50","date_gmt":"2024-01-04T09:27:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/o-toluidina\/"},"modified":"2026-06-30T13:06:31","modified_gmt":"2026-06-30T13:06:31","slug":"o-toluidina","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/mt\/fact\/o-toluidina\/","title":{"rendered":"o-Toluidina"},"content":{"rendered":"

L-istimi tan-numru attwali ta\u2019 \u0127addiema esposti g\u0127al orto-toluidina (o-toluidina) fl-UE mhumiex disponibbli. Fl-2011, abba\u017ci tad-dejta mill-2006\/2007, kien stmat li 5,500 \u0127addiem kienu esposti, li minnhom 3,100 kienu fil-manifattura ta\u2019 kimi\u010bi, prodotti kimi\u010bi u fibri mag\u0127mula mill-bniedem jew fil-manifattura ta\u2019 prodotti tal-gomma. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

L-espo\u017cizzjoni sse\u0127\u0127 l-aktar permezz ta’ inalazzjoni u assorbiment mill-\u0121ilda; l-ebda kuntatt dirett mal-\u0121ilda mhu me\u0127tie\u0121. Jista’ jse\u0127\u0127 ukoll assorbiment permezz ta’ in\u0121estjoni u kuntatt mal-g\u0127ajnejn. <\/p>\n

o-Toluidine hija kklassifikata b\u0127ala entrata armonizzata skont ir-Regolament CLP fil-Kategorija ta’ Kar\u010bino\u0121eni\u010bit\u00e0 1B (potenzjal kar\u010bino\u0121eniku pre\u017cunt g\u0127all-bnedmin ibba\u017cat l-aktar fuq evidenza f’annimali sperimentali). Fil-bnedmin, o-toluidine tista’ tikkaw\u017ca kan\u010ber tal-bu\u017c\u017cieqa tal-awrina. Il-penetrazzjoni mill-\u0121ilda tista’ tikkontribwixxi g\u0127all-pi\u017c \u0121enerali tal-\u0121isem. <\/p>\n

Fejn ise\u0127\u0127u r-riskji<\/h2>\n

L-espo\u017cizzjonijiet g\u0127al o-toluidina kienu \u0127afna og\u0127la storikament i\u017cda xorta jistg\u0127u jse\u0127\u0127u llum f’diversi ambjenti okkupazzjonali, partikolarment fl-industrija kimika matul il-manifattura, l-ippro\u010bessar, it-te\u0127id ta’ kampjuni, jew it-trasferiment ta’ o-toluidina jew fl-u\u017cu tag\u0127ha b\u0127ala intermedjarju, spe\u010bjalment fil-produzzjoni ta\u017c-\u017cebg\u0127a, u fil-manifattura ta’ prodotti g\u0127all-protezzjoni tal-pjanti. Sitwazzjonijiet o\u0127ra ta’ espo\u017cizzjoni jistg\u0127u jse\u0127\u0127u min\u0127abba r-rilaxx minn \u017cebg\u0127a jew koloranti azo u\u017cati fit-tessuti, linka tal-istampar, plastiks, lubrikanti, u prodotti ta\u017c-\u017cejt minerali; rilaxx minn addittivi waqt pro\u010bessi termali b\u0127all-vulkanizzazzjoni; dekompo\u017cizzjoni termali ta’ sustanzi li jg\u0127aqqdu organi\u010bi, spe\u010bjalment fi pro\u010bessi tal-ikkastjar; immani\u0121\u0121jar jew tis\u0127in ta’ materjali li fihom qatran tal-fa\u0127am; attivitajiet tal-laboratorju u ta’ ri\u010berka. <\/p>\n

Aktar dwar is-sustanza<\/h2>\n

o-Toluidine hija prodotta industrijalment permezz tan-nitrazzjoni tat-toluene biex tag\u0127ti ta\u0127lita ta’ nitrotolueni; hija l-aktar importanti mit-tliet toluidini isomeri\u010bi. Hija likwidu bla kulur g\u0127alkemm il-kampjuni kummer\u010bjali spiss ikunu sofor. o-Toluidine hija intermedja fil-bijodegradazzjoni ta’ o-nitrotoluene u g\u0127alhekk ti\u0121i skoperta f’siti ta’ munizzjon pre\u010bedenti. o-Toluidine ti\u0121i ffurmata waqt il-piroli\u017ci.
\n Ma huwa mag\u0127ruf l-ebda u\u017cu dirett mill-konsumatur g\u0127all-o-toluidina peress li hija pprojbita mill-ko\u017cmeti\u010bi mir-Regolament tal-UE dwar il-Ko\u017cmeti\u010bi. L-u\u017cu ta’ \u017cebg\u0127a a\u017co li jirrilaxxaw o-toluidina waqt id-degradazzjoni mhuwiex permess g\u0127al tessuti u o\u0121\u0121etti o\u0127ra tal-konsumatur fl-UE. G\u0127alhekk, l-esponiment tal-konsumaturi u tal-ambjent min\u0127abba rilaxxi minn prodotti tal-konsumatur jidher li huwa negli\u0121ibbli. <\/p>\n

G\u0127al o-toluidine, hemm fis-se\u0127\u0127 valur limitu ta’ espo\u017cizzjoni okkupazzjonali vinkolanti fl-UE kollha ta’ 0.5 mg\/m\u00b3 fl-arja.<\/p>\n

Riskji g\u0127as-sa\u0127\u0127a li jistg\u0127u jse\u0127\u0127u<\/h2>\n

o-Toluidine ji\u0121i assorbit sew wara l-inalazzjoni u permezz tal-\u0121ilda. L-espo\u017cizzjoni orali mhijiex rilevanti fuq il-post tax-xog\u0127ol.
\n M’hemm l-ebda rapporti dwar l-effetti wara espo\u017cizzjoni akuta, i\u017cda bba\u017cat fuq dejta sperimentali fuq l-annimali, huwa pre\u017cunt effett irritanti akut fuq l-g\u0127ajnejn u l-\u0121ilda. <\/p>\n

Il-kan\u010ber tal-bu\u017c\u017cieqa tal-awrina huwa kkunsidrat b\u0127ala l-effett rilevanti fuq is-sa\u0127\u0127a tal-bnedmin. F’xi stati membri, din hija marda okkupazzjonali rikonoxxuta asso\u010bjata ma’ espo\u017cizzjoni pre\u010bedenti g\u0127al o-toluidine. <\/p>\n

Il-perjodu ta’ latenza bejn l-espo\u017cizzjoni u d-dehra tal-kan\u010ber tal-bu\u017c\u017cieqa tal-awrina relatat ma’ o-toluidine jvarja \u0127afna i\u017cda tipikament huwa kkunsidrat li huwa fi \u017cmien 15 sa 40 sena.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dak li tista’ tag\u0127mel<\/h2>\n

Is-sostituzzjoni g\u0127andha ti\u0121i kkunsidrata fl-applikazzjonijiet fejn ikun fattibbli. Biex ji\u0121u evitati effetti \u0127\u017ciena fuq is-sa\u0127\u0127a, huwa ta’ importanza kbira li titnaqqas l-espo\u017cizzjoni ta\u0127t il-valur limitu vinkolanti ta’ espo\u017cizzjoni okkupazzjonali jew ibba\u017cat fuq is-sa\u0127\u0127a. Fi pro\u010bessi industrijali, e\u017cempji ta’ mi\u017curi ta’ kontroll tekniku huma sistemi mag\u0127luqa, exhaust \u0121enerali u ventilazzjoni lokali tal-exhaust. Anke meta ta\u0127dem b’sistemi mag\u0127luqa, tista’ sse\u0127\u0127 espo\u017cizzjoni, e\u017c. waqt kompiti ta’ te\u0127id ta’ kampjuni jew manutenzjoni. Il-kejl u l-mi\u017curi ta’ kontroll huma ta’ rilevanza hemmhekk. Prattiki o\u0127ra ta’ xog\u0127ol rakkomandati jinkludu li l-impjegati jing\u0127ataw informazzjoni u ta\u0127ri\u0121 dwar il-perikli, u standards \u0121enerali ta’ i\u0121jene fuq il-post tax-xog\u0127ol g\u0127al \u017coni ta’ mmani\u0121\u0121jar ta’ kimi\u010bi. Il-\u0127addiema fil-manutenzjoni u t-tindif g\u0127andhom ji\u0121u m\u0127arr\u0121a wkoll. Huwa rakkomandat li ji\u0121i involut tabib okkupazzjonali. Kun konxju li l-valutazzjoni tal-espo\u017cizzjoni g\u0127andha tkun appo\u0121\u0121jata bil-bijomonitora\u0121\u0121, jekk applikabbli skont il-le\u0121i\u017clazzjoni nazzjonali, g\u0127aliex o-toluidine hija assorbita sew mill-\u0121ilda. Il-\u0127addiema je\u0127tie\u0121 li jkunu konxji tal-effetti tal-espo\u017cizzjoni. It-tag\u0127mir protettiv personali g\u0127andu jintu\u017ca biss b\u0127ala l-a\u0127\u0127ar g\u0127a\u017cla, wara li ji\u0121u introdotti s-soluzzjonijiet ta’ in\u0121inerija possibbli. <\/p>\n

Referenzi: ECHA, IOM, SCOEL<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[5944],"class_list":["post-85357","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-o-toluidina-mt"],"yoast_head":"\no-Toluidina - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! We collected all the important information these causing substances in easy-to-understand factsheets.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/mt\/fact\/o-toluidina\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"mt_MT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"o-Toluidina\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! 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