{"id":42569,"date":"2024-01-04T09:21:22","date_gmt":"2024-01-04T09:21:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/44-metileno-bis-2-cloroanilinie-moca\/"},"modified":"2026-06-13T11:31:36","modified_gmt":"2026-06-13T11:31:36","slug":"44-metileno-bis-2-cloroanilinie-moca","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/pt-pt\/fact\/44-metileno-bis-2-cloroanilinie-moca\/","title":{"rendered":"4,4′-Metileno-bis(2-cloroanilina) (MOCA)"},"content":{"rendered":"

As estimativas de 2017 partiam do princ\u00edpio de que 2 500 trabalhadores estavam potencialmente expostos ao MOCA (metilenobis[2-cloroanilina]) em toda a UE. Uma vez que os deveres de autoriza\u00e7\u00e3o para a subst\u00e2ncia ao abrigo do regulamento REACH se alteraram, pode presumir-se que as utiliza\u00e7\u00f5es tenham diminu\u00eddo ainda mais (os pedidos indicam < 100 trabalhadores). A exposi\u00e7\u00e3o ao MOCA ocorre principalmente atrav\u00e9s da absor\u00e7\u00e3o cut\u00e2nea da subst\u00e2ncia. A subst\u00e2ncia tem uma classifica\u00e7\u00e3o harmonizada como Carc. 1B (subst\u00e2ncias que se presume terem potencial de agente cancer\u00edgeno para os seres humanos, com base principalmente em evid\u00eancias em animais) de acordo com o Regulamento CRE. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

O alvo prov\u00e1vel do agente cancer\u00edgeno no ser humano \u00e9 o urot\u00e9lio da bexiga, causando cancro da bexiga.<\/p>\n

Onde ocorrem os riscos<\/h2>\n

O principal setor onde ocorre a exposi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 na formula\u00e7\u00e3o e fabrico de produtos de poliuretano de alto desempenho, por exemplo, produtos de poliuretano moldados a quente, poliuretanos de alto desempenho especificamente destinados a rolos para servi\u00e7os pesados, almofadas de tens\u00e3o e blocos de mola, bem como a rolos feitos \u00e0 medida. As tarefas com elevado risco de exposi\u00e7\u00e3o ao MOCA incluem a pesagem de gr\u00e2nulos de MOCA, a fus\u00e3o do MOCA, a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o do MOCA fundido e a mistura do MOCA fundido com o pr\u00e9-pol\u00edmero. Na regi\u00e3o da \u00c1sia-Pac\u00edfico, tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 utilizado como agente de cura em coberturas e na impermeabiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de madeira. <\/p>\n

Mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre a subst\u00e2ncia<\/h2>\n

Embora o MOCA puro seja um s\u00f3lido cristalino incolor, as formas mais utilizadas (grau industrial) s\u00e3o pastilhas ou flocos de cor bronzeada. Tem um ligeiro odor a amina, uma solubilidade muito baixa em \u00e1gua e pode explodir quando aquecido. <\/p>\n

Est\u00e1 em vigor um limite de exposi\u00e7\u00e3o profissional vinculativo da UE de 0,01 mg\/m\u00b3.<\/p>\n

Perigos que podem ocorrer<\/h2>\n

Devido ao seu manuseamento, o MOCA \u00e9 absorvido atrav\u00e9s da pele e do trato respirat\u00f3rio. A absor\u00e7\u00e3o cut\u00e2nea \u00e9 poss\u00edvel devido \u00e0 lipofilicidade do MOCA, ao seu tamanho molecular relativamente pequeno e \u00e0 presen\u00e7a de grupos amina reactivos. As concentra\u00e7\u00f5es mais elevadas s\u00e3o registadas no f\u00edgado. A maior parte da subst\u00e2ncia absorvida \u00e9 excretada em poucos dias na urina e nas fezes. <\/p>\n

Exposi\u00e7\u00f5es agudas elevadas e acidentais podem causar irrita\u00e7\u00e3o e uma sensa\u00e7\u00e3o de ardor na pele e nos olhos, n\u00e1useas e efeitos gastrointestinais e renais. A UE tamb\u00e9m definiu uma \u00abnota\u00e7\u00e3o cut\u00e2nea\u00bb para o MOCA, indicando que a exposi\u00e7\u00e3o d\u00e9rmica pode contribuir significativamente para a exposi\u00e7\u00e3o total. <\/p>\n

Chronic exposure to MOCA can cause bladder cancer. The latency period between the exposure and the occurrence of bladder cancer associated with MOCA is, on average, 11.5 years and can reach 45 years.<\/strong><\/p>\n

O que podes fazer<\/h2>\n

A substitui\u00e7\u00e3o deve ser considerada nas aplica\u00e7\u00f5es, sempre que poss\u00edvel. Se n\u00e3o existirem alternativas ou se o MOCA puder ocorrer como subproduto, efetuar uma avalia\u00e7\u00e3o regular da exposi\u00e7\u00e3o para se saber quando devem ser tomadas medidas. <\/p>\n

Devem existir condi\u00e7\u00f5es rigorosas para a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de MOCA na produ\u00e7\u00e3o de poliuretano. Em particular, \u00e9 tamb\u00e9m necess\u00e1ria uma boa organiza\u00e7\u00e3o geral em todas as instala\u00e7\u00f5es e os trabalhadores devem assumir a responsabilidade pela sua pr\u00f3pria \u00e1rea de trabalho e limpar o ch\u00e3o, etc. O acesso \u00e0s \u00e1reas onde o MOCA \u00e9 utilizado deve ser restrito ao pessoal autorizado e devem existir sinaliza\u00e7\u00f5es de seguran\u00e7a para lembrar aos trabalhadores quais os EPI que devem usar. O MOCA deve ser armazenado em armaz\u00e9ns separados, acess\u00edveis apenas a pessoal autorizado. O uso de EPI (Equipamento de Prote\u00e7\u00e3o Individual) deve ser obrigat\u00f3rio nas opera\u00e7\u00f5es de fundi\u00e7\u00e3o semi-industrial e mec\u00e2nica. <\/p>\n

Os trabalhadores devem estar conscientes dos efeitos da exposi\u00e7\u00e3o e devem receber forma\u00e7\u00e3o regular sobre as medidas de controlo necess\u00e1rias para trabalhar em seguran\u00e7a com o MOCA, a fim de evitar a exposi\u00e7\u00e3o. Devem ser encorajados a comunicar sintomas precoces, como a sensa\u00e7\u00e3o de queimadura na pele e nos olhos. Recomenda-se, por conseguinte, o recurso a um m\u00e9dico do trabalho. <\/p>\n

Atualmente, o biomonitoriza\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 o melhor m\u00e9todo para estimar a exposi\u00e7\u00e3o total ao MOCA em ambientes de trabalho. Se estiveres a fazer biomonitoriza\u00e7\u00e3o, a recolha de amostras deve ser feita ap\u00f3s o turno, no final da semana de trabalho. <\/p>\n

A biomonitoriza\u00e7\u00e3o deve tamb\u00e9m ser complementada com a monitoriza\u00e7\u00e3o do ar e, quando for o caso, com medi\u00e7\u00f5es da contamina\u00e7\u00e3o cut\u00e2nea e superficial, para controlar as fontes de exposi\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

Certifica-te de que os trabalhadores disp\u00f5em de equipamento de prote\u00e7\u00e3o individual adequado, como fatos de prote\u00e7\u00e3o, luvas, cal\u00e7ado, capacetes, \u00f3culos de prote\u00e7\u00e3o com ventila\u00e7\u00e3o direta e m\u00e1scaras respirat\u00f3rias, se necess\u00e1rio.<\/p>\n

Refer\u00eancias: RAC, IARC, ATSDR, AGS, NIOSH, COM<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[1714],"class_list":["post-42569","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-44-metileno-bis-2-cloroanilinie-moca"],"yoast_head":"\n4,4'-Metileno-bis(2-cloroanilina) (MOCA) - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The exposure to MOCA occurs mainly through skin absorption. 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