{"id":42588,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:24","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/epicloridrina\/"},"modified":"2025-05-15T16:09:36","modified_gmt":"2025-05-15T16:09:36","slug":"epicloridrina","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/pt-pt\/fact\/epicloridrina\/","title":{"rendered":"Epicloridrina"},"content":{"rendered":"

A \u00faltima estimativa do n\u00famero de trabalhadores expostos na UE ao Epicloridrina (1-cloro-2,3-epoxipropano), de 2011, \u00e9 de cerca de 44 000. A inala\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 considerada a principal via de exposi\u00e7\u00e3o, mas os trabalhadores tamb\u00e9m podem ser expostos por contacto d\u00e9rmico. O Epicloridrina est\u00e1 classificado como cancer\u00edgeno de categoria 1B (de acordo com o regulamento CRE ), o que significa que se presume que tem potencial cancer\u00edgeno para os seres humanos, com base em provas obtidas em testes com animais. A exposi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 epicloridrina est\u00e1 associada \u00e0 ocorr\u00eancia de cancro do pulm\u00e3o e de tumores do sistema nervoso central. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Onde ocorrem os riscos<\/h2>\n

As exposi\u00e7\u00f5es profissionais \u00e0 epicloridrina podem ocorrer durante a sua produ\u00e7\u00e3o a partir do cloro, bem como na produ\u00e7\u00e3o de resinas epox\u00eddicas utilizadas em revestimentos, colas e pl\u00e1sticos. As resinas epox\u00eddicas t\u00eam diversas aplica\u00e7\u00f5es em sectores industriais como as tintas, as colas, a ind\u00fastria autom\u00f3vel, a ind\u00fastria aeroespacial, a constru\u00e7\u00e3o, o equipamento de energias renov\u00e1veis e a eletr\u00f3nica (utilizada em placas de circuitos impressos e para encapsular componentes electr\u00f3nicos de modo a proteg\u00ea-los de danos). Epicloridrina \u00e9 ainda utilizado em resinas e pol\u00edmeros especiais para o tratamento de \u00e1guas, em resinas com elevada resist\u00eancia \u00e0 humidade para a ind\u00fastria do papel ou atrav\u00e9s de permuta i\u00f3nica para purificar o ar e a \u00e1gua. Al\u00e9m disso, \u00e9 utilizado como solvente para \u00e9steres e \u00e9teres de celulose, processamento de l\u00e3 e algod\u00e3o e em processos de borracha. Al\u00e9m disso, as profiss\u00f5es em risco de exposi\u00e7\u00e3o incluem trabalhadores de f\u00e1bricas de s\u00edntese qu\u00edmica de poli\u00f3is para a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de espumas r\u00edgidas de poliuretano e agentes tensioactivos para produtos de lavagem. <\/p>\n

Mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre a subst\u00e2ncia<\/h2>\n

Epicloridrina \u00e9 um l\u00edquido incolor inflam\u00e1vel com um odor pungente, semelhante ao do alho, moderadamente sol\u00favel em \u00e1gua, mas misc\u00edvel com a maioria dos solventes org\u00e2nicos polares. Em caso de combust\u00e3o, forma vapores t\u00f3xicos e corrosivos de cloreto de hidrog\u00e9nio e cloro. Epicloridrina reage violentamente com alum\u00ednio, zinco, \u00e1lcoois, fen\u00f3is, aminas e \u00e1cidos org\u00e2nicos; isto gera risco de inc\u00eandio e explos\u00e3o. <\/p>\n

Perigos que podem ocorrer<\/h2>\n

A inala\u00e7\u00e3o do vapor de Epicloridrina \u00e9 considerada a principal via de exposi\u00e7\u00e3o, mas tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 poss\u00edvel uma absor\u00e7\u00e3o significativa atrav\u00e9s da pele. A exposi\u00e7\u00e3o de curta dura\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 epicloridrina pode causar irrita\u00e7\u00e3o nos olhos, no trato respirat\u00f3rio e na pele. A inala\u00e7\u00e3o do vapor pode provocar reac\u00e7\u00f5es semelhantes \u00e0 asma. Al\u00e9m disso, o contacto com a epicloridrina pode irritar e queimar a pele e os olhos. Em n\u00edveis elevados de exposi\u00e7\u00e3o, podem observar-se n\u00e1useas, v\u00f3mitos, tosse, falta de ar, inflama\u00e7\u00e3o dos pulm\u00f5es, edema pulmonar, efeitos no sistema nervoso central e les\u00f5es renais e hep\u00e1ticas. O contacto repetido ou prolongado com a epicloridrina pode causar sensibiliza\u00e7\u00e3o da pele. Al\u00e9m disso, a exposi\u00e7\u00e3o cr\u00f3nica \u00e0 epicloridrina pode ter efeitos nos rins, f\u00edgado e pulm\u00f5es, bem como aumentar o risco de cancro linf\u00e1tico e hematopoi\u00e9tico. <\/p>\n

O que podes fazer<\/h2>\n

A forma mais eficaz de evitar a exposi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 atrav\u00e9s da substitui\u00e7\u00e3o da epicloridrina, por exemplo, por m\u00e9todos alternativos de fabrico de resinas ep\u00f3xidas; substitutos das resinas ep\u00f3xidas nas diferentes aplica\u00e7\u00f5es, como revestimentos, constru\u00e7\u00e3o, colas, laminados e comp\u00f3sitos; processos alternativos de s\u00edntese de glicerina; e substitutos dos elast\u00f3meros de epicloridrina. Quando a substitui\u00e7\u00e3o da epicloridrina n\u00e3o for poss\u00edvel e a sua utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o puder ser evitada, devem ser adoptadas medidas para reduzir a exposi\u00e7\u00e3o. <\/p>\n

A forma mais eficaz de evitar a exposi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 epiclorodrina \u00e9 desenvolver e utilizar sistemas fechados. Se tal n\u00e3o for poss\u00edvel, devem ser aplicadas medidas t\u00e9cnicas, tais como uma ventila\u00e7\u00e3o local eficaz, complementada por uma boa ventila\u00e7\u00e3o do local de trabalho, bem como a verifica\u00e7\u00e3o da sua efic\u00e1cia, para garantir que a exposi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 minimizada tanto quanto tecnicamente poss\u00edvel. <\/p>\n

Realiza avalia\u00e7\u00f5es peri\u00f3dicas da exposi\u00e7\u00e3o para verificar se as medidas de prote\u00e7\u00e3o em vigor s\u00e3o eficazes ou se \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio tomar outras medidas. Os trabalhadores devem estar conscientes dos efeitos da exposi\u00e7\u00e3o e devem receber forma\u00e7\u00e3o regular sobre as medidas de controlo necess\u00e1rias para trabalhar em seguran\u00e7a com a epicloridrina, a fim de evitar a exposi\u00e7\u00e3o. Recomenda-se o envolvimento de um m\u00e9dico do trabalho. Incentiva os trabalhadores a comunicarem os primeiros sintomas. Al\u00e9m disso, todos os trabalhadores devem ser instru\u00eddos para lavarem as m\u00e3os adequadamente antes de fazerem uma pausa ou entrarem noutra \u00e1rea, e para se lavarem e mudarem de roupa no final de cada turno. <\/p>\n

Assegura que os trabalhadores disp\u00f5em de equipamento de prote\u00e7\u00e3o individual adequado, como vestu\u00e1rio e luvas de prote\u00e7\u00e3o, se necess\u00e1rio. O equipamento de prote\u00e7\u00e3o individual n\u00e3o deve ser utilizado como a \u00fanica medida de preven\u00e7\u00e3o. O maior n\u00famero poss\u00edvel das medidas t\u00e9cnicas e organizacionais acima referidas deve ser aplicado previamente. Al\u00e9m disso, ao selecionar o equipamento, deve ser tida em conta a anatomia dos trabalhadores que o v\u00e3o utilizar e, no caso de equipamento de prote\u00e7\u00e3o respirat\u00f3ria baseado no ajuste facial, recomenda-se vivamente a realiza\u00e7\u00e3o de um teste de adapta\u00e7\u00e3o a cada pessoa. <\/p>\n

Os equipamentos de prote\u00e7\u00e3o individual s\u00f3 devem ser utilizados como \u00faltimo recurso e apenas temporariamente, depois de esgotadas as solu\u00e7\u00f5es t\u00e9cnicas poss\u00edveis. Os trabalhadores devem receber a forma\u00e7\u00e3o e a informa\u00e7\u00e3o necess\u00e1rias para a correta utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o e manuten\u00e7\u00e3o dos EPI. <\/p>\n

Refer\u00eancias: ECHA, CRE, IARC, ICSCs, IOM<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[1574],"class_list":["post-42588","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-epicloridrina"],"yoast_head":"\nEpicloridrina - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! We collected all the important information these causing substances in easy-to-understand factsheets.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/pt-pt\/fact\/epicloridrina\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Epicloridrina\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! 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