{"id":42588,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:24","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/epicloridrina\/"},"modified":"2026-06-13T11:30:56","modified_gmt":"2026-06-13T11:30:56","slug":"epicloridrina","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/pt-pt\/fact\/epicloridrina\/","title":{"rendered":"Epicloridrina"},"content":{"rendered":"

A estimativa mais recente do n\u00famero de trabalhadores expostos \u00e0 Epicloridrina (1-cloro-2,3-epoxipropano) na UE, a partir de 2011, \u00e9 de cerca de 44 000. A inala\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 considerada a principal via de exposi\u00e7\u00e3o, mas os trabalhadores tamb\u00e9m podem ser expostos atrav\u00e9s do contacto cut\u00e2neo. A epicloridrina est\u00e1 classificada como agente cancer\u00edgeno da categoria 1B (de acordo com o regulamento CRE), o que significa que se presume que tenha potencial cancer\u00edgeno para os seres humanos, com base em evid\u00eancias de testes em animais. A exposi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 epicloridrina est\u00e1 associada \u00e0 ocorr\u00eancia de cancro do pulm\u00e3o e de tumores do sistema nervoso central. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Onde ocorrem os riscos<\/h2>\n

Professional exposure to epicloridrina can occur during its production from chlorine, as well as during the production of epoxy resins used in coatings, adhesives, and plastics. Epoxy resins have diverse applications in industrial sectors such as paints, adhesives, automobile, aerospace industry, construction, renewable energy equipment, and electronics (usadas em placas de circuitos impressos e para encapsular componentes eletr\u00f3nicos, a fim de os proteger de danos). A Epicloridrina \u00e9 ainda utilizada em resinas e pol\u00edmeros especiais para tratamento de \u00e1gua, resinas com elevada resist\u00eancia \u00e0 humidade para a ind\u00fastria do papel, ou atrav\u00e9s de troca i\u00f4nica para purificar o ar e a \u00e1gua. Al\u00e9m disso, \u00e9 utilizada como solvente para \u00e9steres e \u00e9teres de celulose, no processamento de l\u00e3 e algod\u00e3o e em processos de borracha. Al\u00e9m disso, as profiss\u00f5es em risco de exposi\u00e7\u00e3o incluem trabalhadores em f\u00e1bricas de s\u00edntese qu\u00edmica de poli\u00f3is para a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de espumas r\u00edgidas de poliuretano e de agentes tensioativos para produtos de lavagem. <\/p>\n

Mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre a subst\u00e2ncia<\/h2>\n

Epicloridrina \u00e9 um l\u00edquido incolor e inflam\u00e1vel com um odor pungente semelhante ao do alho, moderadamente sol\u00favel em \u00e1gua, mas misc\u00edvel com a maioria dos solventes org\u00e2nicos polares. Quando queimada, forma fumos t\u00f3xicos e corrosivos de cloreto de hidrog\u00e9nio e cloro. A epicloridrina reage violentamente com o alum\u00ednio, o zinco, os \u00e1lcoois, os fen\u00f3is, as aminas e os \u00e1cidos org\u00e2nicos; isto gera risco de inc\u00eandio e explos\u00e3o. <\/p>\n

Est\u00e1 em vigor um limite de exposi\u00e7\u00e3o profissional vinculativo da UE de 1,9 mg\/m\u00b3 (TWA).<\/p>\n

Perigos que podem ocorrer<\/h2>\n

The inhalation of vapors of Epicloridrina is considered the primary route of exposure, but significant absorption through the skin is also possible. Short-term exposure to Epicloridrina can cause irritation in the eyes, respiratory tract, and skin. A inala\u00e7\u00e3o dos vapores pode causar rea\u00e7\u00f5es semelhantes \u00e0 asma. Al\u00e9m disso, o contacto com a Epicloridrina pode irritar e queimar a pele e os olhos. Em n\u00edveis elevados de exposi\u00e7\u00e3o, podem observar-se n\u00e1useas, v\u00f3mitos, tosse, falta de ar, inflama\u00e7\u00e3o dos pulm\u00f5es, edema pulmonar, efeitos no sistema nervoso central e danos renais e hep\u00e1ticos. O contacto repetido ou prolongado com a Epicloridrina pode causar sensibiliza\u00e7\u00e3o cut\u00e2nea. Al\u00e9m disso, a exposi\u00e7\u00e3o cr\u00f3nica \u00e0 Epicloridrina pode ter efeitos nos rins, f\u00edgado e pulm\u00f5es, bem como aumentar o risco de cancro linf\u00e1tico e hematopoi\u00e9tico. <\/p>\n

O que podes fazer<\/h2>\n

A forma mais eficaz de evitar a exposi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 atrav\u00e9s da substitui\u00e7\u00e3o da epicloridrina, por exemplo, por m\u00e9todos alternativos de fabrico de resinas ep\u00f3xidas; substitutos das resinas ep\u00f3xidas nas diferentes aplica\u00e7\u00f5es, como revestimentos, constru\u00e7\u00e3o, colas, laminados e comp\u00f3sitos; processos alternativos de s\u00edntese de glicerina; e substitutos dos elast\u00f3meros de epicloridrina. Quando a substitui\u00e7\u00e3o da epicloridrina n\u00e3o for poss\u00edvel e a sua utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o puder ser evitada, devem ser adoptadas medidas para reduzir a exposi\u00e7\u00e3o. <\/p>\n

A forma mais eficaz de evitar a exposi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 epiclorodrina \u00e9 desenvolver e utilizar sistemas fechados. Se tal n\u00e3o for poss\u00edvel, devem ser aplicadas medidas t\u00e9cnicas, tais como uma ventila\u00e7\u00e3o local eficaz, complementada por uma boa ventila\u00e7\u00e3o do local de trabalho, bem como a verifica\u00e7\u00e3o da sua efic\u00e1cia, para garantir que a exposi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 minimizada tanto quanto tecnicamente poss\u00edvel. <\/p>\n

Realiza avalia\u00e7\u00f5es regulares da exposi\u00e7\u00e3o para verificar se as medidas de prote\u00e7\u00e3o em vigor s\u00e3o eficazes ou se \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio tomar medidas adicionais. Os trabalhadores devem estar cientes dos efeitos da exposi\u00e7\u00e3o e receber forma\u00e7\u00e3o regular sobre as medidas de controlo necess\u00e1rias para trabalhar em seguran\u00e7a com a epicloridrina, de forma a prevenir a exposi\u00e7\u00e3o. Recomenda-se o envolvimento de um m\u00e9dico do trabalho. Incentiva os trabalhadores a comunicarem os primeiros sintomas. Al\u00e9m disso, todos os trabalhadores devem ser instru\u00eddos a lavar bem as m\u00e3os antes de fazer uma pausa ou entrar noutra \u00e1rea, e a tomar banho e mudar de roupa no final de cada turno. <\/p>\n

Certifica-te de que os trabalhadores disp\u00f5em de equipamento de prote\u00e7\u00e3o individual adequado, como vestu\u00e1rio de prote\u00e7\u00e3o e luvas, se necess\u00e1rio. O equipamento de prote\u00e7\u00e3o individual n\u00e3o deve ser utilizado como \u00fanica medida preventiva. Devem ter sido implementadas previamente o maior n\u00famero poss\u00edvel das medidas t\u00e9cnicas e organizacionais acima referidas. Al\u00e9m disso, na sele\u00e7\u00e3o do equipamento, deve ter-se em conta a anatomia dos trabalhadores que o ir\u00e3o utilizar e, no caso de equipamento de prote\u00e7\u00e3o respirat\u00f3ria baseado no ajuste facial, \u00e9 altamente recomend\u00e1vel que se realize um teste de ajuste em cada pessoa. <\/p>\n

Os equipamentos de prote\u00e7\u00e3o individual s\u00f3 devem ser utilizados como \u00faltimo recurso e apenas temporariamente, depois de esgotadas as solu\u00e7\u00f5es t\u00e9cnicas poss\u00edveis. Os trabalhadores devem receber a forma\u00e7\u00e3o e a informa\u00e7\u00e3o necess\u00e1rias para a correta utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o e manuten\u00e7\u00e3o dos EPI. <\/p>\n

Refer\u00eancias: ECHA, CRE, IARC, ICSCs, IOM<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[1574],"class_list":["post-42588","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-epicloridrina"],"yoast_head":"\nEpicloridrina - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! We collected all the important information these causing substances in easy-to-understand factsheets.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/pt-pt\/fact\/epicloridrina\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Epicloridrina\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! 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