{"id":42605,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:21","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/compostos-de-niquel\/"},"modified":"2026-06-13T11:33:51","modified_gmt":"2026-06-13T11:33:51","slug":"compostos-de-niquel","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/pt-pt\/fact\/compostos-de-niquel\/","title":{"rendered":"Compostos de n\u00edquel"},"content":{"rendered":"

De acordo com as \u00faltimas estimativas de 2019, cerca de 80 000 trabalhadores na UE est\u00e3o expostos a fumos, poeiras e n\u00e9voas transportados pelo ar que cont\u00eam n\u00edquel e os seus compostos de n\u00edquel.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Os compostos de n\u00edquel s\u00e3o classificados como agentes cancer\u00edgenos da categoria 1A, o que significa que s\u00e3o uma causa comprovada de cancro em seres humanos. O n\u00edquel met\u00e1lico \u00e9 classificado pela IARC como agente cancer\u00edgeno do grupo 2B, possivelmente cancer\u00edgeno para os seres humanos. A exposi\u00e7\u00e3o ocorre por inala\u00e7\u00e3o, ingest\u00e3o ou contacto com a pele. Al\u00e9m disso, podem surgir problemas de pele e efeitos respirat\u00f3rios ap\u00f3s a exposi\u00e7\u00e3o ao n\u00edquel e aos Compostos de n\u00edquel. Existe um risco acrescido de cancro do pulm\u00e3o e da nariz devido \u00e0 exposi\u00e7\u00e3o a poeiras de refinarias de n\u00edquel e ao subsulfureto de n\u00edquel. <\/p>\n

Onde ocorrem os riscos<\/h2>\n

O n\u00edquel, na forma de v\u00e1rias ligas e compostos, tem sido amplamente utilizado comercialmente h\u00e1 mais de 100 anos. Os compostos de n\u00edquel e o n\u00edquel met\u00e1lico t\u00eam muitas aplica\u00e7\u00f5es industriais e comerciais, incluindo a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o em a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel e outras ligas de n\u00edquel, catalisadores, baterias, pigmentos e cer\u00e2micas. A maioria dos trabalhadores expostos ao n\u00edquel e aos Compostos de n\u00edquel na Uni\u00e3o Europeia trabalha na fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o de produtos met\u00e1licos e na Fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o de m\u00e1quinas e de equipamentos, exceto para equipamentos el\u00e9tricos e de transporte. A exposi\u00e7\u00e3o profissional \u00e9 comum entre os trabalhadores envolvidos na fundi\u00e7\u00e3o, soldadura, moldagem, pintura com spray e esmerilagem de n\u00edquel, Compostos de n\u00edquel e materiais que contenham n\u00edquel. <\/p>\n

Mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre a subst\u00e2ncia<\/h2>\n

O n\u00edquel \u00e9 um elemento met\u00e1lico branco-prateado que se encontra na crosta terrestre. O n\u00edquel pode ser combinado com outros elementos para formar compostos de n\u00edquel. Devido \u00e0s suas propriedades \u00fanicas, o n\u00edquel tem muitas utiliza\u00e7\u00f5es industriais. A maior parte do n\u00edquel \u00e9 utilizada em ligas met\u00e1licas porque lhe confere propriedades \u00fateis, tais como resist\u00eancia \u00e0 corros\u00e3o, resist\u00eancia ao calor e dureza. <\/p>\n

Est\u00e3o em vigor os valores-limite de exposi\u00e7\u00e3o profissional vinculativos da UE de 0,01 mg\/m\u00b3 para a fra\u00e7\u00e3o respir\u00e1vel e de 0,05 mg\/m\u00b3 para a fra\u00e7\u00e3o inal\u00e1vel (ambos TWA).<\/p>\n

Perigos que podem ocorrer<\/h2>\n

A exposi\u00e7\u00e3o profissional ao n\u00edquel ocorre principalmente atrav\u00e9s da inala\u00e7\u00e3o de part\u00edculas de poeira e vapores ou pelo contacto com a pele. A exposi\u00e7\u00e3o aguda a n\u00edveis elevados de n\u00edquel por inala\u00e7\u00e3o pode causar danos graves nos pulm\u00f5es e nos rins. A exposi\u00e7\u00e3o prolongada \u00e0 poeira das refinarias de n\u00edquel aumenta o risco de cancro do pulm\u00e3o e da nariz entre os trabalhadores dessas instala\u00e7\u00f5es. A exposi\u00e7\u00e3o cut\u00e2nea cr\u00f3nica ao n\u00edquel pode causar dermatite, com sintomas como pele seca, irritada ou com comich\u00e3o. A inala\u00e7\u00e3o cr\u00f3nica de n\u00edquel met\u00e1lico e de Compostos de n\u00edquel insol\u00faveis em \u00e1gua pode causar efeitos respirat\u00f3rios, incluindo diminui\u00e7\u00e3o da fun\u00e7\u00e3o pulmonar e bronquite. A inala\u00e7\u00e3o cr\u00f3nica de Compostos de n\u00edquel sol\u00faveis pode causar asma. <\/p>\n

The period between the exposure to nickel and the appearance of cancer symptoms varies from 13 to 24 years.<\/strong><\/p>\n

O que podes fazer<\/h2>\n

A forma mais eficaz de prevenir a exposi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 substituir por produtos sem n\u00edquel ou com menor teor de n\u00edquel. Se n\u00e3o for poss\u00edvel substituir os produtos que cont\u00eam n\u00edquel, a exposi\u00e7\u00e3o ao n\u00edquel deve ser reduzida atrav\u00e9s de medidas de controlo t\u00e9cnico. Realiza medi\u00e7\u00f5es de exposi\u00e7\u00e3o corretas de forma cont\u00ednua, para que se saiba quando \u00e9 preciso agir. Verifica se os trabalhadores relatam sintomas precoces. Mant\u00e9m os trabalhadores sempre informados sobre os efeitos da exposi\u00e7\u00e3o. Al\u00e9m disso, d\u00e1 forma\u00e7\u00e3o aos trabalhadores sobre os riscos, pr\u00e1ticas de trabalho seguras e medidas de higiene eficazes. Complementa isto com equipamento de prote\u00e7\u00e3o individual nos casos em que os controlos vi\u00e1veis n\u00e3o sejam suficientes para reduzir as exposi\u00e7\u00f5es abaixo dos limites de exposi\u00e7\u00e3o. <\/p>\n

O equipamento de prote\u00e7\u00e3o individual s\u00f3 deve ser utilizado como \u00faltimo recurso, depois de apresentadas as solu\u00e7\u00f5es t\u00e9cnicas poss\u00edveis. Dado que o n\u00edquel met\u00e1lico e alguns compostos de n\u00edquel podem causar sensibiliza\u00e7\u00e3o cut\u00e2nea, o contacto com a pele deve ser evitado tanto quanto poss\u00edvel. Se a elimina\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o for poss\u00edvel, devem ser tomadas medidas de controlo para minimizar o contacto com a pele. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[1564],"class_list":["post-42605","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-compostos-de-niquel"],"yoast_head":"\nCompostos de n\u00edquel - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"De acordo com as \u00faltimas estimativas de 2019, cerca de 80 000 trabalhadores na UE est\u00e3o expostos ao n\u00edquel e aos seus compostos de n\u00edquel.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/pt-pt\/fact\/compostos-de-niquel\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Compostos de n\u00edquel\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"De acordo com as \u00faltimas estimativas de 2019, cerca de 80 000 trabalhadores na UE est\u00e3o expostos ao n\u00edquel e aos seus compostos de n\u00edquel.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/pt-pt\/fact\/compostos-de-niquel\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"STOP carcinogens at work\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-13T11:33:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Tempo estimado de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/pt-pt\\\/fact\\\/compostos-de-niquel\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/pt-pt\\\/fact\\\/compostos-de-niquel\\\/\",\"name\":\"Compostos de n\u00edquel - 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