{"id":42639,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:16","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/hidrocarbonetos-aromaticos-policiclicos-pah\/"},"modified":"2026-06-13T11:32:10","modified_gmt":"2026-06-13T11:32:10","slug":"hidrocarbonetos-aromaticos-policiclicos-pah","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/pt-pt\/fact\/hidrocarbonetos-aromaticos-policiclicos-pah\/","title":{"rendered":"Hidrocarbonetos arom\u00e1ticos polic\u00edclicos (HAP)"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p>Estima-se que at\u00e9 1,3 milh\u00f5es de trabalhadores estejam expostos a hidrocarbonetos arom\u00e1ticos polic\u00edclicos (HAP) na UE. Os HAP s\u00e3o classificados como agentes cancer\u00edgenos do Grupo 1 pela IARC, o que significa que s\u00e3o considerados uma causa comprovada de cancro. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Muitos HAP s\u00e3o classificados como agentes cancer\u00edgenos da categoria 1A ou 1B de acordo com o regulamento CRE, o que significa que essas subst\u00e2ncias s\u00e3o uma causa comprovada de cancro ou podem causar cancro nos seres humanos. Os HAP podem ser ingeridos, inalados ou, em alguns casos, absorvidos pela pele. A exposi\u00e7\u00e3o a longo prazo pode causar cancro do pulm\u00e3o e da pele.  <\/p>\n<h2>Onde ocorrem os riscos<\/h2>\n<p>Os trabalhadores de ind\u00fastrias ou setores que utilizam ou produzem carv\u00e3o ou produtos derivados do carv\u00e3o s\u00e3o os que correm maior risco de exposi\u00e7\u00e3o aos HAP. Entre esses trabalhadores contam-se os que trabalham com asfalto, g\u00e1s de carv\u00e3o, pescadores (alcatr\u00e3o de carv\u00e3o nas redes), trabalhadores da ind\u00fastria de el\u00e9trodos de grafite, mec\u00e2nicos (de autom\u00f3veis e motores Diesel), trabalhadores da constru\u00e7\u00e3o de estradas (pavimenta\u00e7\u00e3o) e trabalhadores da ind\u00fastria de pneus e borracha. Al\u00e9m disso, o combate a inc\u00eandios, a incinera\u00e7\u00e3o de res\u00edduos, os fum\u00e1rios, a cozinha, os cremat\u00f3rios, a limpeza de chamin\u00e9s, a preserva\u00e7\u00e3o da madeira e a remedia\u00e7\u00e3o de solos est\u00e3o associados \u00e0 gera\u00e7\u00e3o acidental de HAP.  <\/p>\n<h2>Mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre a subst\u00e2ncia<\/h2>\n<p>Os HAP s\u00e3o uma classe de in\u00fameras subst\u00e2ncias qu\u00edmicas que ocorrem naturalmente no carv\u00e3o, no petr\u00f3leo bruto e na gasolina. Tamb\u00e9m se formam atrav\u00e9s de processos a altas temperaturas resultantes da combust\u00e3o incompleta ou da pir\u00f3lise de materiais org\u00e2nicos, como carv\u00e3o, petr\u00f3leo, g\u00e1s, madeira, lixo e tabaco. Os HAP gerados por estas fontes podem ligar-se a ou formar pequenas part\u00edculas no ar. Cozinhar a altas temperaturas forma PAHs na carne e noutros alimentos. O fumo do cigarro cont\u00e9m muitos PAHs.    <\/p>\n<h2>Perigos que podem ocorrer<\/h2>\n<p>Os HAP apresentam baixa toxicidade aguda. Os efeitos agudos atribu\u00eddos \u00e0 exposi\u00e7\u00e3o aos HAP s\u00e3o provavelmente causados por outros agentes. A exposi\u00e7\u00e3o profissional a longo prazo aos HAP pode afetar v\u00e1rios sistemas do organismo. Pode afetar o sistema respirat\u00f3rio (diminui\u00e7\u00e3o da fun\u00e7\u00e3o pulmonar, dor no peito, irrita\u00e7\u00e3o das vias respirat\u00f3rias e cancro do pulm\u00e3o), o sistema gastrointestinal (incluindo cancro gastrointestinal), a pele (queimaduras e verrugas em \u00e1reas expostas ao sol que podem evoluir para cancro) e os olhos (irrita\u00e7\u00e3o ocular). Tamb\u00e9m pode ser uma causa de outros tipos de cancro, como leucemia, cancro do f\u00edgado e da bexiga.    <\/p>\n<p><strong>The latency period between exposure and the development of associated cancers varies from 5 to 20 years, depending on the different types of cancer.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>O que podes fazer<\/h2>\n<p>A melhor solu\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 controlar a exposi\u00e7\u00e3o atrav\u00e9s da elimina\u00e7\u00e3o ou substitui\u00e7\u00e3o. No entanto, uma vez que os HAP t\u00eam origem em processos de combust\u00e3o, n\u00e3o \u00e9 f\u00e1cil eliminar ou substituir esta subst\u00e2ncia. A fuma\u00e7a deve ser minimizada o mais pr\u00f3ximo poss\u00edvel da fonte, redesenhando o trabalho e reconsiderando as t\u00e9cnicas e os materiais utilizados, por exemplo, utilizando um ma\u00e7arico de soldadura com exaust\u00e3o. Se isso n\u00e3o funcionar, a emiss\u00e3o deve ser controlada nas imedia\u00e7\u00f5es da fonte, por exemplo, utilizando sistemas de ventila\u00e7\u00e3o por extra\u00e7\u00e3o local. Realiza periodicamente medi\u00e7\u00f5es de exposi\u00e7\u00e3o representativas, para que se saiba quando e onde devem ser tomadas medidas adicionais de redu\u00e7\u00e3o do risco.    <\/p>\n<p>Mant\u00e9m os trabalhadores sempre a par dos efeitos da exposi\u00e7\u00e3o e incentiva-os a comunicar os primeiros sintomas. O equipamento de prote\u00e7\u00e3o individual s\u00f3 deve ser usado como \u00faltimo recurso, depois de esgotadas todas as poss\u00edveis solu\u00e7\u00f5es t\u00e9cnicas. Se for usado, certifica-te de que o equipamento de prote\u00e7\u00e3o individual adequado est\u00e1 \u00e0 m\u00e3o. No caso dos HAP, tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 poss\u00edvel monitorizar a carga corporal atrav\u00e9s de biomonitoriza\u00e7\u00e3o, se aplic\u00e1vel, de acordo com a legisla\u00e7\u00e3o nacional.   <\/p>\n<p><em>Referencias: CDC, IARC, relat\u00f3rio do estudo IA<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[1618],"class_list":["post-42639","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-hidrocarbonetos-aromaticos-policiclicos-pah"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.8 (Yoast SEO v27.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Hidrocarbonetos arom\u00e1ticos polic\u00edclicos (HAP) - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Estima-se que at\u00e9 1,3 milh\u00f5es de trabalhadores estejam expostos a hidrocarbonetos arom\u00e1ticos polic\u00edclicos (HAP) na UE.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/pt-pt\/fact\/hidrocarbonetos-aromaticos-policiclicos-pah\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hidrocarbonetos arom\u00e1ticos polic\u00edclicos (HAP)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Estima-se que at\u00e9 1,3 milh\u00f5es de trabalhadores estejam expostos a hidrocarbonetos arom\u00e1ticos polic\u00edclicos (HAP) na UE.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/pt-pt\/fact\/hidrocarbonetos-aromaticos-policiclicos-pah\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"STOP carcinogens at work\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-13T11:32:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Tempo estimado de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/pt-pt\\\/fact\\\/hidrocarbonetos-aromaticos-policiclicos-pah\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/pt-pt\\\/fact\\\/hidrocarbonetos-aromaticos-policiclicos-pah\\\/\",\"name\":\"Hidrocarbonetos arom\u00e1ticos polic\u00edclicos (HAP) - 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