{"id":106476,"date":"2026-06-29T10:40:14","date_gmt":"2026-06-29T10:40:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/tekave-organicke-zluceniny-voc\/"},"modified":"2026-06-29T10:40:14","modified_gmt":"2026-06-29T10:40:14","slug":"tekave-organicke-zluceniny-voc","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/fact\/tekave-organicke-zluceniny-voc\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny (VOC)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mo\u017eno predpoklada\u0165, \u017ee nieko\u013eko mili\u00f3nov pracovn\u00edkov v E\u00da je v r\u00e1mci svojej pr\u00e1ce vystaven\u00fdch p\u00f4sobeniu skupiny chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok, ktor\u00e9 sa \u010dasto vyskytuj\u00fa v rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adl\u00e1ch a s\u00fa zn\u00e1me ako prchav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky (VOC). T\u00e1to heterog\u00e9nna skupina zah\u0155\u0148a l\u00e1tky ako Benz\u00e9n a Formaldehyd, ktor\u00e9 patria medzi najbe\u017enej\u0161ie karcinog\u00e9nne expoz\u00edcie s\u00favisiace s pr\u00e1cou v E\u00da. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Expoz\u00edcii zvy\u010dajne doch\u00e1dza vdychovan\u00edm alebo, v pr\u00edpade l\u00e1tok, ktor\u00e9 sa vstreb\u00e1vaj\u00fa cez ko\u017eu, cez ko\u017eu.<\/p>\n

Niektor\u00e9 VOC s\u00fa klasifikovan\u00e9 ako jednozna\u010dne karcinog\u00e9nne (napr. Benz\u00e9n \u2013 karc. kat. 1A alebo Formaldehyd \u2013 karc. Cat 1B) alebo ako l\u00e1tky toxick\u00e9 pre reprodukciu (napr. Tolu\u00e9n \u2013 Repr. Cat 2). Ke\u010f\u017ee VOC tvoria heterog\u00e9nnu skupinu l\u00e1tok, je mo\u017en\u00e1 viacn\u00e1sobn\u00e1 expoz\u00edcia vo forme zmesi l\u00e1tok. Expoz\u00edcia takejto zmesi \u0161kodliv\u00fdch l\u00e1tok m\u00f4\u017ee v\u00fdrazne zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 s\u00favisiace riziko rakoviny. <\/p>\n

Kde sa vyskytuj\u00fa rizik\u00e1<\/h2>\n

Medzi VOC patria r\u00f4zne be\u017ene pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, ako napr\u00edklad tie, ktor\u00e9 sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adl\u00e1ch, (fos\u00edlnych) paliv\u00e1ch, \u010distiacich prostriedkoch, farb\u00e1ch a lakoch, Pestic\u00eddoch alebo lepidl\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Na pracovisku sa vyskytuj\u00fa predov\u0161etk\u00fdm tam, kde sa organick\u00e9 rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adl\u00e1 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa, sprac\u00favaj\u00fa alebo uvo\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa ako ved\u013eaj\u0161ie produkty. K vysokej alebo \u0161pi\u010dkovej expoz\u00edcii doch\u00e1dza pri striekan\u00ed farieb, \u010disten\u00ed alebo odmas\u0165ovan\u00ed rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adlami, \u010disten\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed v uzavret\u00fdch priestoroch a pri \u00fadr\u017ebe alebo po\u010das stavebnej renov\u00e1cie. \u010ealej doch\u00e1dza k expoz\u00edcii strednej intenzity pri v\u00fdrobe chemik\u00e1li\u00ed a plastov, pri v\u00fdrobe lepidiel, n\u00e1terov a atramentov a pri spracovan\u00ed gumy a plastov. <\/p>\n

K \u010fal\u0161ej expoz\u00edcii zvy\u010dajne doch\u00e1dza pri ma\u013eovan\u00ed a nan\u00e1\u0161an\u00ed n\u00e1terov, pri oprav\u00e1ch a \u00fadr\u017ebe motorov\u00fdch vozidiel, v polygrafickom a vydavate\u013eskom priemysle, v sektore upratovac\u00edch slu\u017eieb a v zdravotn\u00edctve.<\/p>\n

Viac o l\u00e1tke<\/h2>\n

V\u0161eobecne povedan\u00e9, VOC \u2013 v z\u00e1vislosti od defin\u00edcie \u2013 s\u00fa organick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa tlak pary 0,01 kPa alebo viac pri teplote 293,15 K, alebo organick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny s bodom varu do 250 \u00b0C pri \u0161tandardnom tlaku 101,3 kPa. V d\u00f4sledku toho sa zna\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00e1 t\u00fdchto l\u00e1tok dost\u00e1vaj\u00fa do plynnej f\u00e1zy u\u017e pri izbovej teplote, \u010do predstavuje riziko expoz\u00edcie predov\u0161etk\u00fdm vdychovan\u00edm. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je mnoho z t\u00fdchto l\u00e1tok lipofiln\u00fdch, a preto sa m\u00f4\u017eu potenci\u00e1lne vstreb\u00e1va\u0165 cez ko\u017eu, ako napr\u00edklad organick\u00e9 rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adl\u00e1 Benz\u00e9n, Tolu\u00e9n a xyl\u00e9n. <\/p>\n

Na \u00farovni E\u00da neexistuje \u017eiadna z\u00e1v\u00e4zn\u00e1 limitn\u00e1 hodnota expoz\u00edcie pri pr\u00e1ci, existuj\u00fa v\u0161ak z\u00e1v\u00e4zn\u00e9 hodnoty pre Benz\u00e9n (0,66 mg\/m\u00b3), Formaldehyd (0,37 mg\/m\u00b3) a Vinylchlorid (2,6 mg\/m\u00b3).<\/p>\n

Nebezpe\u010denstv\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 sa m\u00f4\u017eu vyskytn\u00fa\u0165<\/h2>\n

V z\u00e1vislosti od zlo\u017eenia m\u00f4\u017ee ak\u00fatna expoz\u00edcia vo\u013ene letuj\u00facim organick\u00fdm zl\u00fa\u010denin\u00e1m (VOC) sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 r\u00f4zne pr\u00edznaky, ako s\u00fa z\u00e1vraty, bolesti hlavy alebo podr\u00e1\u017edenie o\u010d\u00ed, nosa a d\u00fdchac\u00edch ciest.<\/p>\n

Z dlhodob\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska m\u00f4\u017ee t\u00e1to expoz\u00edcia vies\u0165 k rakovinov\u00fdm ochoreniam, ako je leuk\u00e9mia (Benz\u00e9n), rakovina nosohltana (Formaldehyd) alebo rakovina pe\u010dene (Vinylchlorid).<\/p>\n

Niektor\u00e9 VOC s\u00fa tie\u017e klasifikovan\u00e9 ako l\u00e1tky toxick\u00e9 pre reprodukciu (napr\u00edklad Tolu\u00e9n \u2013 kateg\u00f3ria 2).<\/p>\n

\u010co m\u00f4\u017eete urobi\u0165<\/h2>\n

V ide\u00e1lnom pr\u00edpade by sa rizik\u00e1 expoz\u00edcie p\u00f4sobeniu VOC mali regulova\u0165 ich nahraden\u00edm alebo elimin\u00e1ciou. V\u00fdber l\u00e1tok s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm tlakom p\u00e1r pom\u00e1ha zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 uvo\u013e\u0148ovanie l\u00e1tky do okolit\u00e9ho ovzdu\u0161ia. Skontrolujte, \u010di je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 syst\u00e9my na vodnej b\u00e1ze s cie\u013eom zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 spotrebu rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adiel. Dezinfek\u010dn\u00e9 prostriedky nahra\u010fte tak\u00fdmi, ktor\u00e9 neobsahuj\u00fa aldehydy. <\/p>\n

L\u00e1tky pou\u017e\u00edvajte v uzavret\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch, aby ste predi\u0161li expoz\u00edcii, a emisie zachyt\u00e1vajte priamo pri zdroji pomocou miestneho ods\u00e1vania. Na pracovisku vykon\u00e1vajte merania expoz\u00edcie, a to aj s cie\u013eom pos\u00fadi\u0165 expoz\u00edciu zmesiam l\u00e1tok, a majte na pam\u00e4ti vy\u0161\u0161ie riziko s\u00fabe\u017enej expoz\u00edcie viacer\u00fdm l\u00e1tkam. Minimalizujte dobu expoz\u00edcie a vyhnite sa kontaktu s poko\u017ekou. Pravidelne si menejte pracovn\u00fd odev, aby ste zn\u00ed\u017eili riziko kontamin\u00e1cie. <\/p>\n

Nakoniec je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 aj prostriedky osobnej ochrany, a to v pr\u00edpade, \u017ee u\u017e boli vy\u010derpan\u00e9 v\u0161etky ostatn\u00e9 prevent\u00edvne opatrenia, s cie\u013eom \u010falej minimalizova\u0165 ak\u00fako\u013evek zostatkov\u00fa expoz\u00edciu: napr\u00edklad pou\u017eit\u00edm vhodn\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch rukav\u00edc, ochrann\u00fdch okuliarov a d\u00fdchac\u00edch masiek. V tejto s\u00favislosti musia by\u0165 ve\u013ekos\u0165, charakter a \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 prostriedkov osobnej ochrany prisp\u00f4soben\u00e9 rizik\u00e1m na pracovisku a individu\u00e1lnym okolnostiam. <\/p>\n

Zdroje: Spolkov\u00fd \u00farad pre \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie, Eur\u00f3pska agent\u00fara pre \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie, Eur\u00f3pska komisia, EUR-Lex, EU-OSHA (WES), Nemeck\u00e1 toxikologick\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165, GESTIS, WHO<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[8603],"class_list":["post-106476","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-tekave-organicke-zluceniny-voc"],"yoast_head":"\nT\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny (VOC) - %<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! 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