{"id":106522,"date":"2026-06-29T10:13:55","date_gmt":"2026-06-29T10:13:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/dichlormetan-2\/"},"modified":"2026-06-29T10:13:55","modified_gmt":"2026-06-29T10:13:55","slug":"dichlormetan-2","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/fact\/dichlormetan-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Dichl\u00f3rmet\u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Star\u0161ie \u00fadaje (CAREX) z roku 1990 poukazuj\u00fa na expoz\u00edciu dichl\u00f3rmet\u00e1nu (zn\u00e1meho aj ako metyl\u00e9nchlorid alebo chloroform) pri pr\u00e1ci u pribli\u017ene 250 000 pracovn\u00edkov v E\u00da (15 \u010dlensk\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov). Odvtedy v\u0161ak bolo pou\u017e\u00edvanie dichl\u00f3rmet\u00e1nu v\u00fdrazne obmedzen\u00e9 (nariadenie REACH, smernica o pitnej vode). <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Aktu\u00e1lne odhady expoz\u00edcie Dichl\u00f3rmet\u00e1nu na pracovisku v E\u00da nie s\u00fa k dispoz\u00edcii. Hlavn\u00fdmi cestami expoz\u00edcie na pracovisku s\u00fa d\u00fdchacie cesty a ko\u017ea. Dichl\u00f3rmet\u00e1n je pod\u013ea nariadenia CLP harmonizovane klasifikovan\u00fd ako karcinog\u00e9n kateg\u00f3rie 2. IARC klasifikuje t\u00fato l\u00e1tku ako karcinog\u00e9n skupiny 2A (pravdepodobne karcinog\u00e9nny pre \u013eud\u00ed). Dichl\u00f3rmet\u00e1n je podozriv\u00fd zo sp\u00f4sobovania rakoviny pankreasu, p\u013e\u00fac a pe\u010dene. <\/p>\n

Kde sa vyskytuj\u00fa rizik\u00e1<\/h2>\n

Dichl\u00f3rmet\u00e1n sa pou\u017e\u00edva predov\u0161etk\u00fdm ako odstra\u0148ova\u010d farieb, odmas\u0165ova\u010d, hnac\u00ed plyn, chladivo a extrak\u010dn\u00e9 rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adlo. Je vysoko prchav\u00fd, rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a mnoh\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, a preto sa pou\u017e\u00edva aj ako rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adlo pre \u017eivice, tuky, plasty a bit\u00famen. Sl\u00fa\u017ei tie\u017e ako lepidlo pre \u0161peci\u00e1lne \u00fa\u010dely (akrylov\u00e9 sklo, polystyr\u00e9n). <\/p>\n

Dichl\u00f3rmet\u00e1n je vysoko prchav\u00fd, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pri pou\u017eit\u00ed na ve\u013ekej ploche sa vo vzduchu m\u00f4\u017eu r\u00fdchlo nahromadi\u0165 vysok\u00e9 koncentr\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 sa m\u00f4\u017eu vd\u00fdchnu\u0165. Pri tak\u00fdchto rozsiahlych aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, ako je odmas\u0165ovanie alebo lepenie (plastov\u00fdch) povrchov, sa vo vzduchu, ktor\u00fd sa vdychuje, m\u00f4\u017eu aj na\u010falej vyskytova\u0165 vysok\u00e9 koncentr\u00e1cie dichl\u00f3rmet\u00e1nu. Expoz\u00edcia vysokej intenzity m\u00f4\u017ee d\u00f4js\u0165 u pracovn\u00edkov, ktor\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa odstra\u0148ova\u010de n\u00e1terov (stavebn\u00edctvo, renov\u00e1cia), a pri \u010dinnostiach, ako je \u010distenie n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed, odmas\u0165ovanie alebo \u00fadr\u017eba v uzavret\u00fdch priestoroch. Expoz\u00edcia strednej intenzity je typick\u00e1 v chemickom a farmaceutickom priemysle a pri pr\u00edprave rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adiel, zatia\u013e \u010do expoz\u00edciu n\u00edzkej intenzity mo\u017eno o\u010dak\u00e1va\u0165 v analytick\u00fdch, v\u00fdskumn\u00fdch a zdravotn\u00edckych laborat\u00f3ri\u00e1ch, u laborat\u00f3rneho person\u00e1lu a vo farmaceutickom priemysle (extrak\u010dn\u00e9 \u010dinidl\u00e1), ako aj pri \u00faprave plastov\u00fdch povrchov odmas\u0165ovac\u00edmi prostriedkami a lepidlami. <\/p>\n

Viac o l\u00e1tke<\/h2>\n

Dichl\u00f3rmet\u00e1n je alifatick\u00fd, nas\u00fdten\u00fd halog\u00e9novan\u00fd uh\u013eovod\u00edk, ktor\u00fd je vo svojej \u010distej forme bezfarebn\u00e1 kvapalina s v\u00f4\u0148ou podobnou chloroformu. M\u00e1 n\u00edzky bod varu 40 \u00b0C a tlak pary 470 hPa (pri 20 \u00b0C) a je vysoko prchav\u00fd. Pri pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed v\u00fdrobkov obsahuj\u00facich Dichl\u00f3rmet\u00e1n sa do \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia uvo\u013e\u0148uje pribli\u017ene 85 % tejto l\u00e1tky. Za be\u017en\u00fdch podmienok pou\u017e\u00edvania nie je Dichl\u00f3rmet\u00e1n hor\u013eav\u00fd; v uzavret\u00fdch n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017ee hrozi\u0165 nebezpe\u010denstvo v\u00fdbuchu. <\/p>\n

Vzh\u013eadom na obmedzenia pou\u017e\u00edvania pod\u013ea nariadenia REACH sm\u00fa odstra\u0148ova\u010de n\u00e1terov obsahuj\u00face viac ako 0,1 hmotnostn\u00e9ho percenta Dichl\u00f3rmet\u00e1nu pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 v komer\u010dn\u00fdch podmienkach iba \u0161peci\u00e1lne vy\u0161kolen\u00fd person\u00e1l. Pri spa\u013eovan\u00ed Dichl\u00f3rmet\u00e1nu m\u00f4\u017ee vznika\u0165 plynn\u00fd, vysoko toxick\u00fd fosg\u00e9n. <\/p>\n

Nebezpe\u010denstv\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 sa m\u00f4\u017eu vyskytn\u00fa\u0165<\/h2>\n

Ak sa l\u00e1tka vstreb\u00e1va v tekutej forme, napr. cez ko\u017eu, p\u00f4sob\u00ed predov\u0161etk\u00fdm na centr\u00e1lny nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m a sp\u00f4sobuje pr\u00edznaky, ako s\u00fa bolesti hlavy, z\u00e1vraty, nevo\u013enos\u0165, znecitlivenie a zhor\u0161en\u00e1 koncentr\u00e1cia. V organizme sa Dichl\u00f3rmet\u00e1n premie\u0148a na oxid uho\u013enat\u00fd, \u010d\u00edm sp\u00f4sobuje otravu oxidom uho\u013enat\u00fdm. M\u00f4\u017ee tie\u017e d\u00f4js\u0165 k podr\u00e1\u017edeniu d\u00fdchac\u00edch ciest a o\u010d\u00ed, strate chuti do jedla, zhor\u0161enej koncentr\u00e1cii a \u00fanave. <\/p>\n

Dlhodob\u00fd kontakt s poko\u017ekou vedie k rozpadu tukov\u00e9ho tkaniva, \u010do sp\u00f4sobuje ko\u017en\u00e9 vyr\u00e1\u017eky a svrbenie. Pary Dichl\u00f3rmet\u00e1nu s\u00fa \u0165a\u017e\u0161ie ako vzduch, a preto sa hromadia pri zemi. Vdychovanie t\u00fdchto p\u00e1r m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 po\u0161kodenie zrakov\u00e9ho nervu a pe\u010dene (hepatit\u00edda). <\/p>\n

Najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edm \u00fa\u010dinkom dlhodobej expoz\u00edcie je karcinog\u00e9nnos\u0165. Existuje podozrenie, \u017ee Dichl\u00f3rmet\u00e1n sp\u00f4sobuje rakovinu pankreasu, p\u013e\u00fac a pe\u010dene. <\/p>\n

Latentn\u00e9 obdobie ved\u00face k vzniku rakoviny po expoz\u00edcii na Dichl\u00f3rmet\u00e1n sa m\u00f4\u017ee pohybova\u0165 v rozmedz\u00ed od 20 do 30 rokov.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u010co m\u00f4\u017eete urobi\u0165<\/h2>\n

V prvom rade by ste mali skontrolova\u0165, \u010di je mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky obsahuj\u00face Dichl\u00f3rmet\u00e1n nahradi\u0165 menej nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdmi alebo ne\u0161kodn\u00fdmi alternat\u00edvami. Existuje \u0161irok\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la alternat\u00edvnych v\u00fdrobkov, najm\u00e4 na pou\u017eitie ako hnac\u00ed plyn. Ak nie je k dispoz\u00edcii \u017eiadna n\u00e1hrada, je potrebn\u00e9 zavies\u0165 primeran\u00e9 opatrenia v oblasti ochrany zdravia a bezpe\u010dnosti, najm\u00e4 pri aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch vo ve\u013ekom meradle, s cie\u013eom chr\u00e1ni\u0165 vystaven\u00fdch pracovn\u00edkov. Pary sa musia zachyt\u00e1va\u0165 a ods\u00e1va\u0165 pri zdroji alebo bl\u00edzko pri zemi pomocou ods\u00e1vac\u00edch syst\u00e9mov. Po\u010det os\u00f4b podroben\u00fdch expoz\u00edcii a d\u013a\u017eka expoz\u00edcie sa musia obmedzi\u0165 na minimum. Vystaven\u00ed pracovn\u00edci musia by\u0165 pravidelne a zrozumite\u013en\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom pou\u010den\u00ed o rizik\u00e1ch Dichl\u00f3rmet\u00e1nu a o vykon\u00e1van\u00ed ochrann\u00fdch opatren\u00ed. Po vy\u010derpan\u00ed v\u0161etk\u00fdch uveden\u00fdch opatren\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 \u010fal\u0161ie zn\u00ed\u017eenie absorpcie Dichl\u00f3rmet\u00e1nu do tela dosiahnu\u0165 pou\u017eit\u00edm vhodn\u00fdch osobn\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch prostriedkov (OOP) a pracovn\u00e9ho o\u0161atenia. OOP a pracovn\u00fd odev musia by\u0165 vhodn\u00e9 na hygienick\u00e9 \u010distenie a skladovanie. Pri pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed d\u00fdchac\u00edch ochrann\u00fdch prostriedkov a rukav\u00edc je potrebn\u00e9 dodr\u017eiava\u0165 pokyny v\u00fdrobcu t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa vhodnosti, zaobch\u00e1dzania, \u00fadr\u017eby, \u010distenia a doby prieniku. <\/p>\n

Zdroje: OECD, ECHA; EU-OSHA, Gestis, EK, UBA.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[5952],"class_list":["post-106522","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-dichlormetan"],"yoast_head":"\nDichl\u00f3rmet\u00e1n - %<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! We collected all the important information these causing substances in easy-to-understand factsheets.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/fact\/dichlormetan-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Dichl\u00f3rmet\u00e1n\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! We collected all the important information these causing substances in easy-to-understand factsheets.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/fact\/dichlormetan-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"STOP carcinogens at work\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Odhadovan\u00fd \u010das \u010d\u00edtania \" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"5 min\u00fata\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sk\\\/fact\\\/dichlormetan-2\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sk\\\/fact\\\/dichlormetan-2\\\/\",\"name\":\"Dichl\u00f3rmet\u00e1n - %\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sk\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-29T10:13:55+00:00\",\"description\":\"Be aware of what you work with! We collected all the important information these causing substances in easy-to-understand factsheets.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sk\\\/fact\\\/dichlormetan-2\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sk\\\/fact\\\/dichlormetan-2\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sk\\\/fact\\\/dichlormetan-2\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sk\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Facts\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sk\\\/fact\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"V\u0161etky karcinog\u00e9ny\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sk\\\/carcinogens\\\/all-carcinogens-sk\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Dichl\u00f3rmet\u00e1n\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sk\\\/carcinogens\\\/dichlormetan\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":5,\"name\":\"Dichl\u00f3rmet\u00e1n\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sk\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sk\\\/\",\"name\":\"STOP Carcinogens at work\",\"description\":\"Every year, about 100.000 people die from cancer that was caused by exposure to carcinogens at work in Europe.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sk\\\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"Roadmap on Carcinogens\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sk\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sk\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"TNO\",\"alternateName\":\"This is a European wide voluntary action scheme\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sk\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sk\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/cropped-FavLarge-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/cropped-FavLarge-1.png\",\"width\":512,\"height\":512,\"caption\":\"TNO\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sk\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/homepage\\\/legal\\\/\",\"ownershipFundingInfo\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/general\\\/about-us\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Dichl\u00f3rmet\u00e1n - %","description":"Be aware of what you work with! We collected all the important information these causing substances in easy-to-understand factsheets.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/fact\/dichlormetan-2\/","og_locale":"sk_SK","og_type":"article","og_title":"Dichl\u00f3rmet\u00e1n","og_description":"Be aware of what you work with! We collected all the important information these causing substances in easy-to-understand factsheets.","og_url":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/fact\/dichlormetan-2\/","og_site_name":"STOP carcinogens at work","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Odhadovan\u00fd \u010das \u010d\u00edtania ":"5 min\u00fata"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/fact\/dichlormetan-2\/","url":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/fact\/dichlormetan-2\/","name":"Dichl\u00f3rmet\u00e1n - %","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-06-29T10:13:55+00:00","description":"Be aware of what you work with! We collected all the important information these causing substances in easy-to-understand factsheets.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/fact\/dichlormetan-2\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"sk-SK","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/fact\/dichlormetan-2\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/fact\/dichlormetan-2\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Facts","item":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/fact\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"V\u0161etky karcinog\u00e9ny","item":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/carcinogens\/all-carcinogens-sk\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"Dichl\u00f3rmet\u00e1n","item":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/carcinogens\/dichlormetan\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":5,"name":"Dichl\u00f3rmet\u00e1n"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/#website","url":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/","name":"STOP Carcinogens at work","description":"Every year, about 100.000 people die from cancer that was caused by exposure to carcinogens at work in Europe.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/#organization"},"alternateName":"Roadmap on Carcinogens","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"sk-SK"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/#organization","name":"TNO","alternateName":"This is a European wide voluntary action scheme","url":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sk-SK","@id":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/cropped-FavLarge-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/cropped-FavLarge-1.png","width":512,"height":512,"caption":"TNO"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"publishingPrinciples":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/homepage\/legal\/","ownershipFundingInfo":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/general\/about-us\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fact\/106522","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fact"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/fact"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=106522"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"carcinogens","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/carcinogens?post=106522"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}