{"id":94729,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:16","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/polycyklicke-aromaticke-uhlovodiky-pau\/"},"modified":"2026-06-13T11:33:12","modified_gmt":"2026-06-13T11:33:12","slug":"polycyklicke-aromaticke-uhlovodiky-pau","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/fact\/polycyklicke-aromaticke-uhlovodiky-pau\/","title":{"rendered":"Polycyklick\u00e9 aromatick\u00e9 uh\u013eovod\u00edky (PAU)"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p>Odhaduje sa, \u017ee polycyklick\u00fdmi aromatick\u00fdmi uh\u013eovod\u00edkmi (PAU) je v E\u00da vystaven\u00fdch a\u017e 1,3 mili\u00f3na pracovn\u00edkov. Agent\u00fara IARC klasifikuje PAU ako karcinog\u00e9n skupiny 1, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee s\u00fa pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za jednozna\u010dn\u00fa pr\u00ed\u010dinu rakoviny. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Mnoh\u00e9 PAU s\u00fa pod\u013ea nariadenia CLP klasifikovan\u00e9 ako karcinog\u00e9ny kateg\u00f3rie 1A alebo 1B, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee tieto l\u00e1tky s\u00fa jednozna\u010dnou pr\u00ed\u010dinou rakoviny alebo m\u00f4\u017eu sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 rakovinu u \u013eud\u00ed. PAU sa m\u00f4\u017eu prehltn\u00fa\u0165, vd\u00fdchnu\u0165 alebo v niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch prejs\u0165 cez poko\u017eku. Dlhodob\u00e1 expoz\u00edcia m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 rakovinu p\u013e\u00fac a ko\u017ee.  <\/p>\n<h2>Kde sa vyskytuj\u00fa rizik\u00e1<\/h2>\n<p>Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iemu riziku expoz\u00edcie PAU s\u00fa vystaven\u00ed pracovn\u00edci v priemyseln\u00fdch odvetviach alebo povolaniach, v ktor\u00fdch sa pou\u017e\u00edva alebo vyr\u00e1ba uhlie alebo produkty z uhlia. Medzi t\u00fdchto pracovn\u00edkov patria asfalt\u00e9ri, pracovn\u00edci s uho\u013en\u00fdm plynom, ryb\u00e1ri (uho\u013en\u00fd decht na sie\u0165ach), pracovn\u00edci s grafitov\u00fdmi elektr\u00f3dami, mechanici (automobilov a Dieselov\u00fdch motorov), cest\u00e1ri (chodn\u00edkov) a pracovn\u00edci pri v\u00fdrobe pneumat\u00edk a gumy. S ne\u00famyselnou tvorbou PAU sa sp\u00e1ja aj hasenie po\u017eiarov, spa\u013eovanie odpadu, udiarne, varenie, kremat\u00f3ri\u00e1, komin\u00e1rstvo, konzerv\u00e1cia dreva a san\u00e1cia p\u00f4dy.  <\/p>\n<h2>Viac o l\u00e1tke<\/h2>\n<p>PAU s\u00fa skupinou po\u010detn\u00fdch chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok, ktor\u00e9 sa prirodzene vyskytuj\u00fa v uhl\u00ed, rope a benz\u00edne. Vznikaj\u00fa aj pri vysokoteplotn\u00fdch procesoch, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa v\u00fdsledkom ne\u00fapln\u00e9ho spa\u013eovania alebo pyrol\u00fdzy organick\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov, ako s\u00fa uhlie, ropa, plyn, drevo, odpadky a tabak. PAU vznikaj\u00face z t\u00fdchto zdrojov sa m\u00f4\u017eu viaza\u0165 na mal\u00e9 \u010dastice vo vzduchu alebo ich vytv\u00e1ra\u0165. Pri varen\u00ed pri vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch sa PAU tvoria v m\u00e4se a v in\u00fdch potravin\u00e1ch. Cigaretov\u00fd dym obsahuje mnoho PAU.    <\/p>\n<h2>Nebezpe\u010denstv\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 sa m\u00f4\u017eu vyskytn\u00fa\u0165<\/h2>\n<p>PAU maj\u00fa n\u00edzku ak\u00fatnu toxicitu. Ak\u00fatne \u00fa\u010dinky pripisovan\u00e9 expoz\u00edcii PAU s\u00fa pravdepodobne sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 in\u00fdmi faktormi. Dlhodob\u00e1 profesion\u00e1lna expoz\u00edcia PAU m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 vplyv na viacer\u00e9 telesn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my. M\u00f4\u017ee ovplyvni\u0165 d\u00fdchac\u00ed syst\u00e9m (zn\u00ed\u017eenie funkcie p\u013e\u00fac, boles\u0165 na hrudn\u00edku, podr\u00e1\u017edenie d\u00fdchac\u00edch ciest a rakovina p\u013e\u00fac), tr\u00e1viaci syst\u00e9m (vr\u00e1tane rakoviny tr\u00e1viaceho traktu), ko\u017eu (pop\u00e1leniny a bradavice na miestach vystaven\u00fdch slnku, ktor\u00e9 sa m\u00f4\u017eu vyvin\u00fa\u0165 do rakoviny) a o\u010di (podr\u00e1\u017edenie o\u010d\u00ed). M\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 tie\u017e pr\u00ed\u010dinou in\u00fdch typov rakoviny, ako je leuk\u00e9mia, rakovina pe\u010dene a mo\u010dov\u00e9ho mech\u00fara.    <\/p>\n<p><strong>Doba latencie medzi expoz\u00edciou a rakovinou s\u00favisiacou s PAU sa pohybuje od 5 do 20 rokov v z\u00e1vislosti od r\u00f4znych typov rakoviny.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>\u010co m\u00f4\u017eete urobi\u0165<\/h2>\n<p>Najlep\u0161\u00edm rie\u0161en\u00edm je kontrolova\u0165 expoz\u00edciu vyl\u00fa\u010den\u00edm alebo nahraden\u00edm. Ke\u010f\u017ee v\u0161ak PAU vznikaj\u00fa pri spa\u013eovac\u00edch procesoch, nie je jednoduch\u00e9 t\u00fato l\u00e1tku eliminova\u0165 alebo nahradi\u0165. Dym by sa mal minimalizova\u0165 \u010do najbli\u017e\u0161ie k zdroju prepracovan\u00edm n\u00e1vrhu pr\u00e1ce a prehodnoten\u00edm pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch techn\u00edk a materi\u00e1lov, napr\u00edklad ods\u00e1van\u00e9ho zv\u00e1racieho hor\u00e1ka. Ak to nepom\u00f4\u017ee, emisie by sa mali kontrolova\u0165 v tesnej bl\u00edzkosti zdroja, napr\u00edklad pomocou lok\u00e1lnych ods\u00e1vac\u00edch ventila\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov. Pravidelne vykon\u00e1vajte reprezentat\u00edvne merania expoz\u00edcie, aby bolo zn\u00e1me, kedy a kde by sa mali prija\u0165 \u010fal\u0161ie opatrenia na zn\u00ed\u017eenie rizika.    <\/p>\n<p>Neust\u00e1le upozor\u0148ujte pracovn\u00edkov na \u00fa\u010dinky expoz\u00edcie a nab\u00e1dajte ich, aby hl\u00e1sili v\u010dasn\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky. Osobn\u00e1 ochrana by sa mala pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 a\u017e ako posledn\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165, po vy\u010derpan\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fdch technick\u00fdch rie\u0161en\u00ed. Ak sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa, uistite sa, \u017ee s\u00fa k dispoz\u00edcii spr\u00e1vne prostriedky na osobn\u00fa ochranu. V pr\u00edpade PAU je mo\u017en\u00e9 monitorova\u0165 z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e organizmu aj vykon\u00e1van\u00edm biomonitoringu, ak je to mo\u017en\u00e9 pod\u013ea vn\u00fatro\u0161t\u00e1tnych pr\u00e1vnych predpisov.   <\/p>\n<p><em>Odkazy: CDC, IARC, spr\u00e1va o \u0161t\u00fadii IA<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[5514],"class_list":["post-94729","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-polycyklicke-aromaticke-uhlovodiky-pau"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.0 (Yoast SEO v28.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Polycyklick\u00e9 aromatick\u00e9 uh\u013eovod\u00edky (PAU) - %<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Odhaduje sa, \u017ee polycyklick\u00fdmi aromatick\u00fdmi uh\u013eovod\u00edkmi (PAU) je v E\u00da vystaven\u00fdch a\u017e 1,3 mili\u00f3na pracovn\u00edkov.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/fact\/polycyklicke-aromaticke-uhlovodiky-pau\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Polycyklick\u00e9 aromatick\u00e9 uh\u013eovod\u00edky (PAU)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Odhaduje sa, \u017ee polycyklick\u00fdmi aromatick\u00fdmi uh\u013eovod\u00edkmi (PAU) je v E\u00da vystaven\u00fdch a\u017e 1,3 mili\u00f3na pracovn\u00edkov.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/fact\/polycyklicke-aromaticke-uhlovodiky-pau\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"STOP carcinogens at work\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-13T11:33:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Odhadovan\u00fd \u010das \u010d\u00edtania \" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 min\u00fata\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sk\\\/fact\\\/polycyklicke-aromaticke-uhlovodiky-pau\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sk\\\/fact\\\/polycyklicke-aromaticke-uhlovodiky-pau\\\/\",\"name\":\"Polycyklick\u00e9 aromatick\u00e9 uh\u013eovod\u00edky (PAU) - 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