{"id":94732,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:17","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/azbest\/"},"modified":"2026-06-13T11:34:44","modified_gmt":"2026-06-13T11:34:44","slug":"azbest","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/fact\/azbest\/","title":{"rendered":"Azbest"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je azbestu v E\u00da vystaven\u00fdch 4,1 a\u017e 7,3 mili\u00f3na pracovn\u00edkov a odhaduje sa, \u017ee azbest je ka\u017edoro\u010dne pr\u00ed\u010dinou smrti viac ako 90 000 \u013eud\u00ed. Azbest je klasifikovan\u00fd ako karcinog\u00e9n kateg\u00f3rie 1A, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee sa pova\u017euje za jednozna\u010dn\u00fa pr\u00ed\u010dinu rakoviny u \u013eud\u00ed. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Vdychovanie azbestov\u00fdch vl\u00e1kien m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 chronick\u00e9 ochorenia p\u013e\u00fac, ako je rakovina p\u013e\u00fac, rakovina p\u013e\u00facnej v\u00fdstelky a mezoteli\u00f3m (rakovina pohrudnice a pobru\u0161nice) a azbest\u00f3za (z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 zjazvenie p\u013e\u00fac sp\u00f4sobuj\u00face postupn\u00fa d\u00fdchavi\u010dnos\u0165). Pod\u013ea Svetovej zdravotn\u00edckej organiz\u00e1cie je pribli\u017ene polovica v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u00famrt\u00ed na rakovinu z povolania sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 azbestom. <\/p>\n

Kde sa vyskytuj\u00fa rizik\u00e1<\/h2>\n

Riziko sa m\u00f4\u017ee vyskytn\u00fa\u0165 po\u010das renov\u00e1cie alebo demol\u00e1cie budov, technick\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed alebo lod\u00ed alebo po\u010das odstra\u0148ovania n\u00e1sledkov t\u00fdchto \u010dinnost\u00ed. Hlavn\u00fdm odvetv\u00edm, v ktorom doch\u00e1dza k expoz\u00edcii, je Stavebn\u00edctvo. Exponovan\u00ed pracovn\u00edci m\u00f4\u017eu pracova\u0165 pri demol\u00e1cii, renov\u00e1cii domov, pri pokr\u00fdvan\u00ed podl\u00e1h, striech alebo ako mechanici v priemysle. \u010eal\u0161\u00edmi rizikov\u00fdmi povolaniami s\u00fa pracovn\u00edci v lodeniciach, hasi\u010di, pracovn\u00edci v elektr\u00e1r\u0148ach a pracovn\u00edci v odpadovom hospod\u00e1rstve. <\/p>\n

Viac o l\u00e1tke<\/h2>\n

Azbest sa vo ve\u013ekej miere pou\u017e\u00edval v budov\u00e1ch a stavebn\u00fdch materi\u00e1loch, strojoch, vozidl\u00e1ch a spotrebn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobkoch. Azbest je s\u00fahrnn\u00fd n\u00e1zov pre prirodzene sa vyskytuj\u00face silik\u00e1tov\u00e9 miner\u00e1ly s kry\u0161talickou \u0161trukt\u00farou a vl\u00e1knit\u00fdm charakterom. Jednotliv\u00e9 azbestov\u00e9 vl\u00e1kna nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 vidie\u0165 ani c\u00edti\u0165. Azbestov\u00e9 vl\u00e1kna sa uvo\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa do ovzdu\u0161ia pri \u010dinnostiach s materi\u00e1lmi obsahuj\u00facimi azbest. <\/p>\n

Vl\u00e1kna sa potom m\u00f4\u017eu vd\u00fdchnu\u0165 bez toho, aby o tom vedeli, a uviaznu\u0165 v p\u013e\u00facach alebo sa usadi\u0165 v tr\u00e1viacom trakte. Eur\u00f3pska \u00fania v roku 2005 zak\u00e1zala ak\u00e9ko\u013evek pou\u017e\u00edvanie, ako aj \u0165a\u017ebu, v\u00fdrobu a spracovanie azbestov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobkov z azbestu. <\/p>\n

V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti plat\u00ed z\u00e1v\u00e4zn\u00e1 limitn\u00e1 hodnota expoz\u00edcie na pracovisku v E\u00da, ktor\u00e1 je 0,1 vl\u00e1kna\/cm\u00b3 (TWA – skratka pre \u010casovo v\u00e1\u017een\u00fd priemer – Time Weighted Average).<\/p>\n

Nebezpe\u010denstv\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 sa m\u00f4\u017eu vyskytn\u00fa\u0165<\/h2>\n

V priebehu mnoh\u00fdch rokov m\u00f4\u017eu vdychovan\u00e9 azbestov\u00e9 vl\u00e1kna sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 z\u00e1pal, ktor\u00fd vy\u00fasti do rakoviny, presnej\u0161ie do rakoviny p\u013e\u00fac a mezoteli\u00f3mu. Prv\u00fdmi pr\u00edznakmi rakoviny s\u00favisiacej s azbestom m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 d\u00fdchavi\u010dnos\u0165, ka\u0161e\u013e, boles\u0165 na hrudn\u00edku, tr\u00e1viace probl\u00e9my a nevo\u013enos\u0165. <\/p>\n

Doba latencie medzi expoz\u00edciou a rakovinou s\u00favisiacou s azbestom sa pohybuje od 15 do 50 rokov v z\u00e1vislosti od typu azbestu, \u00farovne expoz\u00edcie, typu rakoviny a faktorov \u017eivotn\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00fdlu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u010co m\u00f4\u017eete urobi\u0165<\/h2>\n

Zistite, \u010di s\u00fa pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly obsahuj\u00face azbest, presk\u00famajte, \u010di pri pr\u00e1ci nevznikn\u00fa vl\u00e1kna pren\u00e1\u0161an\u00e9 vzduchom, a pr\u00edsne dodr\u017eiavajte platn\u00e9 predpisy. Informujte pracovn\u00edkov o rizik\u00e1ch a prevent\u00edvnych opatreniach. Ak nie je ist\u00e9, \u010di sa v budove m\u00f4\u017ee nach\u00e1dza\u0165 azbest, testovanie materi\u00e1lu objasn\u00ed, \u010di bol pou\u017eit\u00fd. <\/p>\n

Odstr\u00e1\u0148te materi\u00e1ly obsahuj\u00face azbest \u010do najmenej de\u0161trukt\u00edvne. Ak je potrebn\u00e9 ho naru\u0161i\u0165, napr. pri rekon\u0161trukcii budovy, uistite sa, \u017ee vy\u0161kolen\u00ed pracovn\u00edci pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa spr\u00e1vne vybavenie a pracovn\u00e9 techniky, aby sa minimalizovala expoz\u00edcia a maximalizovala \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 kontrol. Uistite sa, \u017ee sa na Osobn\u00fa ochranu pou\u017e\u00edva spr\u00e1vna maska a kombin\u00e9za. \u013dudia, ktor\u00ed boli v minulosti vystaven\u00ed expoz\u00edcii za \u00fa\u010delom ochrany pred azbestom, by mali pravidelne vyh\u013ead\u00e1va\u0165 zdravotn\u00e9 prehliadky a mali by by\u0165 vy\u0161kolen\u00ed, aby si d\u00e1vali pozor na pr\u00edznaky mo\u017enej rakoviny. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[5596],"class_list":["post-94732","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-azbest-sk"],"yoast_head":"\nAzbest - %<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Azbestu je v E\u00da vystaven\u00fdch 4,1 a\u017e 7,3 mili\u00f3na pracovn\u00edkov. 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