{"id":94734,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:21","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/zluceniny-niklu\/"},"modified":"2026-06-30T13:24:04","modified_gmt":"2026-06-30T13:24:04","slug":"zluceniny-niklu","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/fact\/zluceniny-niklu\/","title":{"rendered":"Zl\u00fa\u010deniny niklu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pod\u013ea najnov\u0161\u00edch odhadov z roku 2019 je v E\u00da pribli\u017ene 80 000 pracovn\u00edkov vystaven\u00fdch p\u00f4sobeniu v\u00fdparov, prachu a hmiel vo vzduchu, ktor\u00e9 obsahuj\u00fa nikel a jeho zl\u00fa\u010deniny.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Zl\u00fa\u010deniny niklu s\u00fa zaraden\u00e9 do kateg\u00f3rie karcinog\u00e9nov 1A, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee s\u00fa preuk\u00e1zanou pr\u00ed\u010dinou rakoviny u \u013eud\u00ed. Kovov\u00fd nikel je pod\u013ea IARC zaraden\u00fd do skupiny karcinog\u00e9nov 2B, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee je pre \u013eud\u00ed pravdepodobne karcinog\u00e9nny. K expoz\u00edcii doch\u00e1dza vdychovan\u00edm, po\u017eit\u00edm alebo kontaktom s poko\u017ekou. Okrem toho sa po expoz\u00edcii niklu a Zl\u00fa\u010denin\u00e1m niklu vyskytuj\u00fa ko\u017en\u00e9 \u0165a\u017ekosti a respira\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky. Existuje zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 riziko rakoviny p\u013e\u00fac a nosa v d\u00f4sledku expoz\u00edcie prachom z rafin\u00e9ri\u00ed niklu a subsulfidu niklu. <\/p>\n

Kde sa vyskytuj\u00fa rizik\u00e1<\/h2>\n

Nikel vo forme r\u00f4znych zliatin a zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn sa komer\u010dne vyu\u017e\u00edva u\u017e viac ako 100 rokov. Zl\u00fa\u010deniny niklu a kovov\u00fd nikel maj\u00fa mnoho priemyseln\u00fdch a komer\u010dn\u00fdch vyu\u017eit\u00ed vr\u00e1tane pou\u017eitia v nehrdzavej\u00facej oceli a in\u00fdch zliatin\u00e1ch niklu, katalyz\u00e1toroch, bat\u00e9ri\u00e1ch, pigmentoch a keramike. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina pracovn\u00edkov vystaven\u00fdch niklu a zl\u00fa\u010denin\u00e1m niklu v Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanii pracuje pri v\u00fdrobe kovov\u00fdch kon\u0161trukci\u00ed okrem strojov a zariaden\u00ed. Profesion\u00e1lna expoz\u00edcia je be\u017en\u00e1 pre pracovn\u00edkov zapojen\u00fdch do tavenia, zv\u00e1rania, odlievania, striekania a br\u00fasenia niklu, Zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn niklu a materi\u00e1lov obsahuj\u00facich nikel. <\/p>\n

Viac o l\u00e1tke<\/h2>\n

Nikel je striebornobiely kovov\u00fd prvok, ktor\u00fd sa nach\u00e1dza v zemskej k\u00f4re. V \u017eivotnom prostred\u00ed sa vyskytuje prirodzene v n\u00edzkych mno\u017estv\u00e1ch. nikel sa m\u00f4\u017ee kombinova\u0165 s in\u00fdmi prvkami a vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 Zl\u00fa\u010deniny niklu. V\u010faka svojim jedine\u010dn\u00fdm vlastnostiam m\u00e1 nikel mnoho priemyseln\u00fdch vyu\u017eit\u00ed. Najviac niklu sa pou\u017e\u00edva v zliatin\u00e1ch kovov, preto\u017ee im dod\u00e1va u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 vlastnosti, ako je odolnos\u0165 proti kor\u00f3zii, tepeln\u00e1 odolnos\u0165 a tvrdos\u0165. <\/p>\n

Platia z\u00e1v\u00e4zn\u00e9 limitn\u00e9 hodnoty expoz\u00edcie v E\u00da vo v\u00fd\u0161ke 0,01 mg\/m\u00b3 pre d\u00fdchate\u013en\u00fa frakciu a 0,05 mg\/m\u00b3 pre inhalovate\u013en\u00fa frakciu (v oboch pr\u00edpadoch ide o TWA – skratka pre \u010casovo v\u00e1\u017een\u00fd priemer – Time Weighted Average).<\/p>\n

Nebezpe\u010denstv\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 sa m\u00f4\u017eu vyskytn\u00fa\u0165<\/h2>\n

K profesion\u00e1lnej expoz\u00edcii niklu doch\u00e1dza najm\u00e4 vdychovan\u00edm prachov\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc a v\u00fdparov alebo kontaktom s poko\u017ekou. Ak\u00fatna expoz\u00edcia vysok\u00fdm hladin\u00e1m niklu vd\u00fdchnut\u00edm m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 v\u00e1\u017ene po\u0161kodenie p\u013e\u00fac a obli\u010diek. Dlhodob\u00e1 expoz\u00edcia prachom z rafin\u00e9rie niklu vedie u pracovn\u00edkov rafin\u00e9rie niklu k zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9mu riziku rakoviny p\u013e\u00fac a nosa. Chronick\u00e1 derm\u00e1lna expoz\u00edcia niklu m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k dermatit\u00edde s \u0165a\u017ekos\u0165ami, ako je such\u00e1, podr\u00e1\u017eden\u00e1 alebo svrbiv\u00e1 poko\u017eka. Chronick\u00e9 vdychovanie kovov\u00e9ho niklu a vo vode nerozpustn\u00fdch Zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn niklu m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k \u00fa\u010dinkom na d\u00fdchacie cesty vr\u00e1tane zn\u00ed\u017eenia funkcie p\u013e\u00fac a bronchit\u00eddy. Chronick\u00e1 inhal\u00e1cia rozpustn\u00fdch zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn niklu m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 za n\u00e1sledok astmu. <\/p>\n

\u010cas medzi vystaven\u00edm niklu a pr\u00edznakmi rakoviny sa pohybuje od 13 do 24 rokov.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u010co m\u00f4\u017eete urobi\u0165<\/h2>\n

Naj\u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161\u00edm sp\u00f4sobom, ako zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 expoz\u00edcii, je nahradi\u0165 ich v\u00fdrobkami bez obsahu niklu alebo s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm obsahom niklu. Ak nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 nahradi\u0165 v\u00fdrobky obsahuj\u00face nikel, expoz\u00edcia niklu by sa mala zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 prostredn\u00edctvom technick\u00fdch kontrol. Priebe\u017ene vykon\u00e1vajte spr\u00e1vne merania expoz\u00edcie, aby ste vedeli, kedy treba kona\u0165. Presk\u00famajte, \u010di pracovn\u00edci hl\u00e1sia skor\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky. Neust\u00e1le upozor\u0148ujte pracovn\u00edkov na \u00fa\u010dinky expoz\u00edcie. Okrem toho za\u0161ko\u013eujte pracovn\u00edkov o nebezpe\u010denstv\u00e1ch, bezpe\u010dn\u00fdch pracovn\u00fdch postupoch a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch hygienick\u00fdch opatreniach. Ak uskuto\u010dnite\u013en\u00e9 kontroly neposta\u010duj\u00fa na zn\u00ed\u017eenie expoz\u00edcie pod expozi\u010dn\u00e9 limity, dopl\u0148te ich osobnou ochranou. <\/p>\n

Osobn\u00e1 ochrana by sa mala pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 len ako posledn\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 po predlo\u017een\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fdch technick\u00fdch rie\u0161en\u00ed. Ke\u010f\u017ee kovov\u00fd nikel a niektor\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny niklu m\u00f4\u017eu sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 senzibiliz\u00e1ciu poko\u017eky, malo by sa \u010do najviac zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 kontaktu s poko\u017ekou. Ak elimin\u00e1cia nie je mo\u017en\u00e1, mali by sa prija\u0165 kontroln\u00e9 opatrenia na minimaliz\u00e1ciu kontaktu s poko\u017ekou. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[5438],"class_list":["post-94734","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-zluceniny-niklu"],"yoast_head":"\nZl\u00fa\u010deniny niklu - %<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pod\u013ea najnov\u0161\u00edch odhadov z roku 2019 je niklu a jeho zl\u00fa\u010denin\u00e1m v E\u00da vystaven\u00fdch pribli\u017ene 80 000 pracovn\u00edkov.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/fact\/zluceniny-niklu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Zl\u00fa\u010deniny niklu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pod\u013ea najnov\u0161\u00edch odhadov z roku 2019 je niklu a jeho zl\u00fa\u010denin\u00e1m v E\u00da vystaven\u00fdch pribli\u017ene 80 000 pracovn\u00edkov.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/fact\/zluceniny-niklu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"STOP carcinogens at work\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-30T13:24:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Odhadovan\u00fd \u010das \u010d\u00edtania \" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 min\u00fata\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sk\\\/fact\\\/zluceniny-niklu\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\\\/sk\\\/fact\\\/zluceniny-niklu\\\/\",\"name\":\"Zl\u00fa\u010deniny niklu - 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