{"id":94740,"date":"2023-08-29T10:09:24","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:09:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/14-dioxan\/"},"modified":"2026-06-13T11:33:37","modified_gmt":"2026-06-13T11:33:37","slug":"14-dioxan","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/fact\/14-dioxan\/","title":{"rendered":"1,4-diox\u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Odhaduje sa, \u017ee v E\u00da je 1,4-diox\u00e1nu vystaven\u00fdch a\u017e 30 000 pracovn\u00edkov. Typick\u00e9 pracovisk\u00e1, kde sa 1,4-diox\u00e1n pou\u017e\u00edva, s\u00fa v gum\u00e1renskom a chemickom priemysle. M\u00f4\u017ee sa vyskytova\u0165 aj ako ved\u013eaj\u0161\u00ed produkt v kozmetickom priemysle. Pracovn\u00edci s\u00fa vystaven\u00ed najm\u00e4 kontamin\u00e1cii pren\u00e1\u0161anej vzduchom a ko\u017en\u00e9mu kontaktu, hoci je mo\u017en\u00e1 aj or\u00e1lna expoz\u00edcia. 1,4-diox\u00e1n je pod\u013ea pr\u00e1vnych predpisov CLP (Klasifik\u00e1cia, ozna\u010dovanie a balenie) klasifikovan\u00fd ako karcinog\u00e9n kateg\u00f3rie 1B (Carc. 1B) a je podozrenie, \u017ee prispieva ku vzniku karcin\u00f3mov v nose, ako aj n\u00e1dorov pe\u010dene a obli\u010diek. Okrem toho 1,4-diox\u00e1n sp\u00f4sobuje v\u00e1\u017ene podr\u00e1\u017edenie o\u010d\u00ed a m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 podr\u00e1\u017edenie d\u00fdchac\u00edch ciest; opakovan\u00e9 vystavenie poko\u017eky m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 jej vysu\u0161enie alebo popraskanie. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Kde sa vyskytuje riziko<\/h2>\n

K profesion\u00e1lnej expoz\u00edcii doch\u00e1dza pri v\u00fdrobe, spracovan\u00ed a pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed 1,4-diox\u00e1nu prostredn\u00edctvom inhal\u00e1cie alebo derm\u00e1lnej expoz\u00edcie. 1,4-diox\u00e1n sa \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edva ako rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adlo v laborat\u00f3ri\u00e1ch (napr. mobiln\u00e1 f\u00e1za v chromatografii) a v priemyseln\u00fdch prev\u00e1dzkach pri polymeriza\u010dn\u00fdch procesoch. V s\u00favislosti s expoz\u00edciou je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 zv\u00e1\u017ei\u0165 \u010distiace a \u00fadr\u017eb\u00e1rske \u010dinnosti. <\/p>\n

Viac o l\u00e1tke<\/h2>\n

1,4-diox\u00e1n je \u010d\u00edra, bezfarebn\u00e1 kvapalina, ktor\u00e1 sa \u013eahko mie\u0161a s in\u00fdmi rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adlami. Pre svoju inertnos\u0165 sa pou\u017e\u00edva najm\u00e4 ako samotn\u00e9 rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adlo. Je vysoko hor\u013eav\u00fd a m\u00f4\u017ee vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9 peroxidy. 1,4-diox\u00e1n je antropog\u00e9nna chemick\u00e1 l\u00e1tka, ktor\u00e1 sa v \u017eivotnom prostred\u00ed prirodzene nevyskytuje. Je zn\u00e1mym ved\u013eaj\u0161\u00edm produktom priemyseln\u00fdch etoxyla\u010dn\u00fdch procesov, a preto m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pr\u00edtomn\u00fd ako kontaminant v kozmetike a v\u00fdrobkoch osobnej starostlivosti, kde je jeho koncentr\u00e1cia pr\u00edsne regulovan\u00e1. 1,4-diox\u00e1n sa na\u0161iel aj ako rez\u00edduum v predmetoch z plastu a gumy (napr. v rukaviciach, top\u00e1nkach, oble\u010den\u00ed, gumov\u00fdch rukov\u00e4tiach, radiacej p\u00e1ke, volante). <\/p>\n

1,4-diox\u00e1n je vo vode stabiln\u00fd a nerozklad\u00e1 sa. Zl\u00fa\u010deniny vo vzduchu m\u00f4\u017eu 1,4-diox\u00e1n r\u00fdchlo rozlo\u017ei\u0165 na r\u00f4zne zl\u00fa\u010deniny. Existuje kontamin\u00e1cia \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia (podzemn\u00fdch v\u00f4d) s\u00favisiaca s likvid\u00e1ciou chemick\u00fdch rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adiel obsahuj\u00facich 1,4-diox\u00e1n a s likvid\u00e1ciou samotn\u00e9ho 1,4-diox\u00e1nu. <\/p>\n

Nebezpe\u010denstv\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 sa m\u00f4\u017eu vyskytn\u00fa\u0165<\/h2>\n

1,4-diox\u00e1n sa po inhal\u00e1cii a or\u00e1lnej expoz\u00edcii r\u00fdchlo a takmer \u00faplne absorbuje. V\u00fdznamn\u00e1 je aj absorpcia cez ko\u017eu. Po vd\u00fdchnut\u00ed 1,4-diox\u00e1nu sa m\u00f4\u017eu vyskytn\u00fa\u0165 bolesti v hornej \u010dasti brucha a vracanie, ako aj podr\u00e1\u017edenie o\u010d\u00ed a d\u00fdchac\u00edch ciest. Medzi \u010fal\u0161ie pr\u00edznaky intoxik\u00e1cie 1,4-diox\u00e1nom patr\u00ed po\u0161kodenie pe\u010dene a obli\u010diek, k\u0155\u010de a k\u00f3ma. V tejto s\u00favislosti je potrebn\u00e9 vzia\u0165 do \u00favahy s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fa absorpciu l\u00e1tky cez ko\u017eu. Okrem toho opakovan\u00e1 derm\u00e1lna expoz\u00edcia 1,4-diox\u00e1nu m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k po\u0161kodeniu ko\u017ee. Okrem toho sa v \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1ch na zvierat\u00e1ch pozorovali \u00fa\u010dinky na pe\u010de\u0148 a obli\u010dky, ako aj na centr\u00e1lny nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, ako napr\u00edklad strnul\u00e1 ch\u00f4dza, nark\u00f3za, paral\u00fdza a k\u00f3ma. Treba poznamena\u0165, \u017ee hlavn\u00fdmi cie\u013eov\u00fdmi org\u00e1nmi s\u00fa po dlhodobej expoz\u00edcii d\u00fdchac\u00ed syst\u00e9m, pe\u010de\u0148 a obli\u010dky. <\/p>\n

\u010co m\u00f4\u017eete urobi\u0165<\/h2>\n

V pr\u00edpadoch, kde je to mo\u017en\u00e9, by sa malo zv\u00e1\u017ei\u0165 nahradenie tejto l\u00e1tky. Ak alternat\u00edvy nie s\u00fa k dispoz\u00edcii alebo ak sa 1,4-diox\u00e1n m\u00f4\u017ee vyskytova\u0165 ako ved\u013eaj\u0161\u00ed produkt, je potrebn\u00e9 pravidelne vykon\u00e1va\u0165 riadne merania expoz\u00edcie, aby bolo zrejm\u00e9, kedy a kde je potrebn\u00e9 prija\u0165 opatrenia. Na zabr\u00e1nenie nepriazniv\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dinkom na zdravie je preto mimoriadne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 expoz\u00edciu pod limitn\u00fa hodnotu stanoven\u00fa na z\u00e1klade zdravotn\u00fdch h\u013ead\u00edsk. V priemyseln\u00fdch procesoch s\u00fa pr\u00edkladmi technick\u00fdch kontroln\u00fdch opatren\u00ed uzavret\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 ods\u00e1vanie a miestne ods\u00e1vanie. Aj pri pr\u00e1ci s uzavret\u00fdmi syst\u00e9mami m\u00f4\u017ee d\u00f4js\u0165 k expoz\u00edcii, napr. pri odbere vzoriek. V tak\u00fdchto pr\u00edpadoch s\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 merania a kontroln\u00e9 opatrenia. Medzi \u010fal\u0161ie odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00e9 pracovn\u00e9 postupy patr\u00ed poskytovanie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o nebezpe\u010denstve a \u0161kolenia zamestnancom, ako aj v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 normy pracovnej hygieny pre priestory, kde sa manipuluje s chemik\u00e1liami. Zamestnanci \u00fadr\u017eby a upratovania by mali by\u0165 tie\u017e za\u0161kolen\u00ed. Zis\u0165ujte, \u010di zamestnanci nehl\u00e1sia po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky. Odpor\u00fa\u010da sa zapoji\u0165 pracovn\u00e9ho lek\u00e1ra. Majte na pam\u00e4ti, \u017ee v pr\u00edpade 1,4-diox\u00e1nu mo\u017eno pos\u00fadenie expoz\u00edcie podpori\u0165 biomonitoringom, ak to umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa vn\u00fatro\u0161t\u00e1tne pr\u00e1vne predpisy. Zamestnanci musia by\u0165 informovan\u00ed o \u00fa\u010dinkoch expoz\u00edcie. Osobn\u00e1 ochrana by sa mala pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 len ako posledn\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165, po zaveden\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fdch technick\u00fdch rie\u0161en\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Zdroje: BAuA, CLP (Klasifik\u00e1cia, ozna\u010dovanie a balenie), nemeck\u00e1 komisia MAK, RAC<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[5949],"class_list":["post-94740","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-14-dioxan-sk"],"yoast_head":"\n1,4-diox\u00e1n - %<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"V E\u00da je 1,4-diox\u00e1nu vystaven\u00fdch 30 000 pracovn\u00edkov. 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