{"id":94747,"date":"2024-01-04T09:19:19","date_gmt":"2024-01-04T09:19:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/13-butadien\/"},"modified":"2026-06-13T11:31:43","modified_gmt":"2026-06-13T11:31:43","slug":"13-butadien","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/fact\/13-butadien\/","title":{"rendered":"1,3 butadi\u00e9n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pod\u013ea najnov\u0161\u00edch odhadov je 1,3 butadi\u00e9nu (1,3-BD) potenci\u00e1lne vystaven\u00fdch 27 600 pracovn\u00edkov v E\u00da. Z \u00fadajov z rokov 1990 – 1993 vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee exponovan\u00fdch bolo pribli\u017ene 31 600 pracovn\u00edkov. K expoz\u00edcii dcoh\u00e1dza preva\u017ene vd\u00fdchnut\u00edm. 1,3-BD m\u00e1 pod\u013ea nariadenia CLP harmonizovan\u00fa klasifik\u00e1ciu ako karcinog\u00e9nna kateg\u00f3ria 1A (l\u00e1tky, o ktor\u00fdch je zn\u00e1me, \u017ee maj\u00fa karcinog\u00e9nny potenci\u00e1l pre \u010dloveka, zalo\u017een\u00fd preva\u017ene na d\u00f4kazoch o \u013eudskom faktore). Hlavn\u00e9 karcinog\u00e9nne \u00fa\u010dinky s\u00fa leuk\u00e9mia a lymf\u00f3m). <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Kde sa vyskytuj\u00fa rizik\u00e1<\/h2>\n

1,3 butadi\u00e9n sa pou\u017e\u00edva najm\u00e4 pri v\u00fdrobe syntetick\u00fdch kau\u010dukov (vr\u00e1tane styr\u00e9n-butadi\u00e9nov\u00e9ho kau\u010duku), termoplastick\u00fdch \u017eiv\u00edc, latexu a ako chemick\u00fd medziprodukt (pri v\u00fdrobe neopr\u00e9nu pre automobilov\u00fd a priemyseln\u00fd gumov\u00fd tovar, pri v\u00fdrobe metylmetakryl\u00e1t-butadi\u00e9n-styr\u00e9nov\u00e9ho polym\u00e9ru, ktor\u00fd sa pou\u017e\u00edva ako spev\u0148ovadlo PVC, a pri v\u00fdrobe adiponitrilu (prekurzor nylonu)).<\/p>\n

K hlavnej profesion\u00e1lnej expoz\u00edcii doch\u00e1dza v z\u00e1vodoch na v\u00fdrobu monom\u00e9ru 1,3-BD a v z\u00e1vodoch na v\u00fdrobu kau\u010duku\/polym\u00e9rov na b\u00e1ze styr\u00e9nu-1,3-BD. K profesi\u00e1m s vysok\u00fdm rizikom expoz\u00edcie patria procesn\u00ed technici pri vykl\u00e1dke, v n\u00e1dr\u017eovom hospod\u00e1rstve a v oblasti \u010distenia, polymeriz\u00e1cie a reakcie, laborat\u00f3rni technici a technici \u00fadr\u017eby. <\/p>\n

Okrem toho m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 pracovn\u00edci vystaven\u00ed 1,3-BD z pr\u00fadov produktov z ropn\u00fdch rafin\u00e9ri\u00ed alebo z dymu vznikaj\u00faceho po\u010das elektrochirurgick\u00fdch z\u00e1krokov.<\/p>\n

Viac o l\u00e1tke<\/h2>\n

1,3-BD je bezfarebn\u00fd plyn vyr\u00e1ban\u00fd parn\u00fdm krakovan\u00edm paraf\u00ednov\u00fdch uh\u013eovod\u00edkov. Emisie 1,3-BD do \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa aj zo zdrojov, ako s\u00fa v\u00fdfukov\u00e9 plyny automobilov, cigaretov\u00fd dym, dym z po\u017eiarov dreva a spa\u013eovanie gumy a plastov. Nie je zn\u00e1me, \u017ee by sa 1,3-BD vyskytoval vo ve\u013ekom mno\u017estve ako pr\u00edrodn\u00fd produkt. <\/p>\n

Nebezpe\u010denstv\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 sa m\u00f4\u017eu vyskytn\u00fa\u0165<\/h2>\n

Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed potenci\u00e1l profesion\u00e1lnej expoz\u00edcie 1,3-BD je pri vd\u00fdchnut\u00ed. O\u010dak\u00e1va sa, \u017ee expoz\u00edcia po\u017eit\u00edm potrav\u00edn a pitnej vody bude ve\u013emi n\u00edzka, ak sa prijm\u00fa vhodn\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 hygienick\u00e9 opatrenia. Ak\u00fatna expoz\u00edcia 1,3-BD m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 ospalos\u0165 alebo z\u00e1vraty. Chronick\u00e1 expoz\u00edcia 1,3-BD je spojen\u00e1 so zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm rizikom vzniku hemato-lymfopoetickej rakoviny (t. j. leuk\u00e9mie a\/alebo lymf\u00f3mu). <\/p>\n

\u010co m\u00f4\u017eete urobi\u0165<\/h2>\n

V aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch by sa mala zv\u00e1\u017ei\u0165 n\u00e1hrada, ak je to mo\u017en\u00e9. Ak nie s\u00fa k dispoz\u00edcii alternat\u00edvy alebo sa 1,3-BD m\u00f4\u017ee vyskytova\u0165 ako ved\u013eaj\u0161\u00ed produkt, vykon\u00e1vajte pravideln\u00e9 hodnotenia expoz\u00edcie, aby bolo zn\u00e1me, kedy treba prija\u0165 opatrenia. <\/p>\n

Existuje nieko\u013eko sp\u00f4sobov, ako zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 expoz\u00edciu 1,3-BD. Uprednost\u0148ovan\u00fdm pr\u00edstupom je vyu\u017eitie technick\u00fdch kontrol, ako je lok\u00e1lne ods\u00e1vanie a \u00faprava procesu. Ak tieto opatrenia nie s\u00fa dostato\u010dn\u00e9, m\u00f4\u017eu sa zavies\u0165 in\u00e9 opatrenia vr\u00e1tane po\u017eiadavky na ochranu d\u00fdchac\u00edch ciest, ak vetranie nie je mo\u017en\u00e9, po\u017eiadavky, aby sa pracovn\u00edci pred opusten\u00edm z\u00e1vodu osprchovali a prezliekli do be\u017en\u00e9ho oble\u010denia, a vyd\u00e1vania ochrann\u00fdch okuliarov a ochrann\u00fdch \u0161t\u00edtov proti striekaj\u00facej vode pod\u013ea potreby. <\/p>\n

Okrem toho je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 vy\u0161koli\u0165 pracovn\u00edkov o rizik\u00e1ch, bezpe\u010dn\u00fdch pracovn\u00fdch postupoch a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch hygienick\u00fdch opatreniach. Osobn\u00e1 ochrana (OOPP) by sa mala pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 a\u017e ako posledn\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 po zaveden\u00ed v\u0161etk\u00fdch mo\u017en\u00fdch technick\u00fdch a organiza\u010dn\u00fdch rie\u0161en\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Odkazy: RAC, IARC, ATSDR, NFA, OSHA, COM<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[5894],"class_list":["post-94747","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-13-butadien-sk"],"yoast_head":"\n1,3 butadi\u00e9n - %<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"1,3-BD je bezfarebn\u00fd plyn vyr\u00e1ban\u00fd parn\u00fdm krakovan\u00edm paraf\u00ednov\u00fdch uh\u013eovod\u00edkov. Emisie 1,3-BD do \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa aj zo zdrojov, ako s\u00fa v\u00fdfukov\u00e9 plyny automobilov, cigaretov\u00fd dym, dym z po\u017eiarov dreva a spa\u013eovanie gumy a plastov. 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