{"id":94753,"date":"2024-01-04T09:27:50","date_gmt":"2024-01-04T09:27:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/o-toluidin\/"},"modified":"2026-06-30T13:08:21","modified_gmt":"2026-06-30T13:08:21","slug":"o-toluidin","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/fact\/o-toluidin\/","title":{"rendered":"o-Toluid\u00edn"},"content":{"rendered":"

Odhady s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9ho po\u010dtu pracovn\u00edkov vystaven\u00fdch p\u00f4sobeniu orto-toluid\u00ednu (o-Toluid\u00ednu) v E\u00da nie s\u00fa k dispoz\u00edcii. V roku 2011 sa na z\u00e1klade \u00fadajov z rokov 2006\/2007 odhadovalo, \u017ee tejto l\u00e1tke bolo vystaven\u00fdch 5 500 pracovn\u00edkov, z ktor\u00fdch 3 100 pracovalo vo v\u00fdrobe z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch chemik\u00e1li\u00ed, priemyseln\u00fdch hnoj\u00edv a dus\u00edkat\u00fdch zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn (zmes\u00ed), plastov a syntetick\u00e9ho kau\u010duku v prim\u00e1rnej forme. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Expoz\u00edcii doch\u00e1dza hlavne vdychovan\u00edm a absorpciou cez ko\u017eu; priamy kontakt s ko\u017eou nie je nutn\u00fd. M\u00f4\u017ee d\u00f4js\u0165 aj k absorpcii po po\u017eit\u00ed a pri kontakte s o\u010dami. <\/p>\n

o-Toluid\u00edn je v r\u00e1mci nariadenia CLP zaraden\u00fd do harmonizovanej polo\u017eky v kateg\u00f3rii karcinogenity 1B (predpokladan\u00fd karcinog\u00e9nny potenci\u00e1l pre \u013eud\u00ed, zalo\u017een\u00fd preva\u017ene na d\u00f4kazoch z\u00edskan\u00fdch na pokusn\u00fdch zvierat\u00e1ch). U \u013eud\u00ed m\u00f4\u017ee o-Toluid\u00edn sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 rakovinu mo\u010dov\u00e9ho mech\u00fara. Vstreb\u00e1vanie cez ko\u017eu m\u00f4\u017ee prispieva\u0165 k celkovej expoz\u00edcii organizmu. <\/p>\n

Kde sa vyskytuj\u00fa rizik\u00e1<\/h2>\n

Expoz\u00edcia o-Toluid\u00ednu bola v minulosti ove\u013ea vy\u0161\u0161ia, ale m\u00f4\u017ee sa vyskytova\u0165 aj dnes v nieko\u013ek\u00fdch pracovn\u00fdch prostrediach, najm\u00e4 v chemickom priemysle pri v\u00fdrobe, spracovan\u00ed, odbere vzoriek alebo preprave o-Toluid\u00ednu, alebo pri jeho pou\u017eit\u00ed ako medziproduktu, predov\u0161etk\u00fdm pri v\u00fdrobe farb\u00edv a pri v\u00fdrobe pr\u00edpravkov na ochranu rastl\u00edn. K \u010fal\u0161\u00edm situ\u00e1ci\u00e1m expoz\u00edcie m\u00f4\u017ee doch\u00e1dza\u0165 v d\u00f4sledku uvo\u013e\u0148ovania z azo farb\u00edv alebo farb\u00edv pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v textilnom priemysle, tla\u010diarensk\u00fdch farb\u00e1ch, plastoch, maziv\u00e1ch a v\u00fdrobkoch z miner\u00e1lnych olejov; uvo\u013e\u0148ovania z pr\u00edsad po\u010das tepeln\u00fdch procesov, ako je vulkaniz\u00e1cia; tepeln\u00e9ho rozkladu organick\u00fdch spoj\u00edv, najm\u00e4 v odlievac\u00edch procesoch; manipul\u00e1cie s materi\u00e1lmi obsahuj\u00facimi decht alebo ich zahrievania; laborat\u00f3rnych a v\u00fdskumn\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Viac o l\u00e1tke<\/h2>\n

o-Toluid\u00edn sa priemyselne vyr\u00e1ba nitr\u00e1ciou tolu\u00e9nu, pri\u010dom vznik\u00e1 zmes nitrotolu\u00e9nov; je to najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00ed z troch izom\u00e9rnych toluid\u00ednov. Je to bezfarebn\u00e1 kvapalina, hoci komer\u010dn\u00e9 vzorky maj\u00fa \u010dasto na\u017eltl\u00fd odtie\u0148. o-Toluid\u00edn je medziproduktom biologick\u00e9ho rozkladu o-nitrotoluenu, a preto sa zis\u0165uje na b\u00fdval\u00fdch skl\u00e1dkach mun\u00edcie. o-Toluid\u00edn vznik\u00e1 pri pyrol\u00fdze.
\nNie je zn\u00e1me \u017eiadne priame pou\u017eitie o-toluid\u00ednu spotrebite\u013emi, ke\u010f\u017ee je zak\u00e1zan\u00fd v kozmetick\u00fdch v\u00fdrobkoch na z\u00e1klade nariadenia E\u00da o kozmetick\u00fdch v\u00fdrobkoch. Pou\u017e\u00edvanie azo farb\u00edv, ktor\u00e9 pri rozklade uvo\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa o-Toluid\u00edn, nie je v E\u00da povolen\u00e9 v textiln\u00fdch v\u00fdrobkoch a in\u00fdch spotrebn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobkoch. Zd\u00e1 sa teda, \u017ee expoz\u00edcia spotrebite\u013eov a \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia v d\u00f4sledku uvo\u013e\u0148ovania z spotrebn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobkov je zanedbate\u013en\u00e1. <\/p>\n

Pre o-Toluid\u00edn plat\u00ed v r\u00e1mci celej E\u00da z\u00e1v\u00e4zn\u00e1 limitn\u00e1 hodnota expoz\u00edcie na pracovisku vo v\u00fd\u0161ke 0,5 mg\/m\u00b3 vo vzduchu.<\/p>\n

Zdravotn\u00e9 rizik\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 sa m\u00f4\u017eu vyskytn\u00fa\u0165<\/h2>\n

o-Toluid\u00edn sa po inhal\u00e1cii a cez ko\u017eu dobre vstreb\u00e1va. Peror\u00e1lna expoz\u00edcia na pracovisku nie je relevantn\u00e1.
\nNeexistuj\u00fa \u017eiadne spr\u00e1vy o \u00fa\u010dinkoch po ak\u00fatnej expoz\u00edcii, na z\u00e1klade \u00fadajov z experimentov na zvierat\u00e1ch sa v\u0161ak predpoklad\u00e1 ak\u00fatny dr\u00e1\u017ediv\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinok na o\u010di a ko\u017eu. <\/p>\n

Rakovina mo\u010dov\u00e9ho mech\u00fara sa pova\u017euje za relevantn\u00fd zdravotn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinok u \u013eud\u00ed. V niektor\u00fdch \u010dlensk\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch ide o uznan\u00fa chorobu z povolania spojen\u00fa s predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facou expoz\u00edciou o-Toluid\u00ednu. <\/p>\n

Latentn\u00e9 obdobie medzi expoz\u00edciou a vznikom rakoviny mo\u010dov\u00e9ho mech\u00fara s\u00favisiacej s o-Toluid\u00ednom sa v\u00fdrazne l\u00ed\u0161i, zvy\u010dajne sa v\u0161ak odhaduje na 15 a\u017e 40 rokov.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u010co m\u00f4\u017eete urobi\u0165<\/h2>\n

V pr\u00edpadoch, kde je to mo\u017en\u00e9, by sa mala zv\u00e1\u017ei\u0165 n\u00e1hrada. Aby sa predi\u0161lo nepriazniv\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dinkom na zdravie, je mimoriadne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 expoz\u00edciu pod z\u00e1v\u00e4zn\u00fa limitn\u00fa hodnotu pre expoz\u00edciu na pracovisku alebo limitn\u00fa hodnotu stanoven\u00fa na z\u00e1klade zdravotn\u00fdch h\u013ead\u00edsk. V priemyseln\u00fdch procesoch s\u00fa pr\u00edkladmi technick\u00fdch kontroln\u00fdch opatren\u00ed uzavret\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 ods\u00e1vanie a miestne ods\u00e1vanie. K expoz\u00edcii m\u00f4\u017ee d\u00f4js\u0165 aj pri pr\u00e1ci s uzavret\u00fdmi syst\u00e9mami, napr. pri odbere vzoriek alebo \u00fadr\u017ebe. V tak\u00fdchto pr\u00edpadoch s\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 merania a kontroln\u00e9 opatrenia. Medzi \u010fal\u0161ie odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00e9 pracovn\u00e9 postupy patr\u00ed poskytovanie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o nebezpe\u010denstve a \u0161kolenia pre zamestnancov, ako aj dodr\u017eiavanie v\u0161eobecn\u00fdch noriem pracovnej hygieny v priestoroch, kde sa manipuluje s chemick\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami. Pracovn\u00edci vykon\u00e1vaj\u00faci \u00fadr\u017ebu a \u010distenie by mali by\u0165 tie\u017e vy\u0161kolen\u00ed. Odpor\u00fa\u010da sa zapoji\u0165 pracovn\u00e9ho lek\u00e1ra. Je potrebn\u00e9 ma\u0165 na pam\u00e4ti, \u017ee pos\u00fadenie expoz\u00edcie by malo by\u0165 podlo\u017een\u00e9 biomonitoringom, ak to umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa vn\u00fatro\u0161t\u00e1tne pr\u00e1vne predpisy, preto\u017ee o-Toluid\u00edn sa dobre vstreb\u00e1va cez ko\u017eu. Pracovn\u00edci musia by\u0165 informovan\u00ed o \u00fa\u010dinkoch expoz\u00edcie. Osobn\u00e1 ochrana by sa mala pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 iba ako posledn\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165, po zaveden\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fdch technick\u00fdch rie\u0161en\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Zdroje: ECHA, IOM, SCOEL<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[5955],"class_list":["post-94753","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-o-toluidin-sk"],"yoast_head":"\no-Toluid\u00edn - %<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! We collected all the important information these causing substances in easy-to-understand factsheets.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/fact\/o-toluidin\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"o-Toluid\u00edn\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! 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