{"id":94319,"date":"2024-03-06T08:45:07","date_gmt":"2024-03-06T08:45:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/s-substitucia\/"},"modified":"2026-07-17T08:28:50","modified_gmt":"2026-07-17T08:28:50","slug":"s-substitucia","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sk\/zoznamte-sa-so-zakladnymi-strategiami-prevencie\/s-substitucia\/","title":{"rendered":"S &#8211; Substit\u00facia"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p>Z\u00e1sada STOP opisuje poradie prior\u00edt ochrann\u00fdch opatren\u00ed. Zamestn\u00e1vate\u013e mus\u00ed pri ur\u010dovan\u00ed a uplat\u0148ovan\u00ed ochrann\u00fdch opatren\u00ed dodr\u017eiava\u0165 toto poradie. Tu sa zameriame na prv\u00fa \u00farove\u0148, S pre substit\u00faciu. Najsk\u00f4r zv\u00e1\u017ete S. Upozor\u0148ujeme tie\u017e, \u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 kombin\u00e1ciu opatren\u00ed.    <\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Nahradenie karcinog\u00e9nov m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9. Mus\u00ed by\u0165 k dispoz\u00edcii technicky rovnocenn\u00e1 alternat\u00edva a mus\u00ed by\u0165 uskuto\u010dnite\u013en\u00e1. Riziko vypl\u00fdvaj\u00face z alternat\u00edvy mus\u00ed by\u0165 ni\u017e\u0161ie ako riziko vypl\u00fdvaj\u00face z nahraden\u00e9ho karcinog\u00e9nu. Ak hodnotenie neumo\u017e\u0148uje nahradi\u0165 ur\u010dit\u00fd karcinog\u00e9n, je potrebn\u00e9 transparentne zdokumentova\u0165 d\u00f4vody.   <\/p>\n<p>\u00daspe\u0161n\u00e1 n\u00e1hrada vo v\u0161eobecnosti zni\u017euje rizik\u00e1 pre zamestnancov a zamestn\u00e1vate\u013eom pon\u00faka menej n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 opatrenia na riadenie riz\u00edk. Pri \u00faplnom vyl\u00fa\u010den\u00ed expoz\u00edcie karcinog\u00e9nu by nebol potrebn\u00fd register expoz\u00edcie ani jeho uchov\u00e1vanie a\u017e 40 rokov. Mohli by sa zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 n\u00e1klady, napr. na bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 vybavenie, odpad, lek\u00e1rske vy\u0161etrenia. Substit\u00facia je predov\u0161etk\u00fdm prospe\u0161n\u00e1 pre zdravie pracovn\u00edkov.   <\/p>\n<p>Pri posudzovan\u00ed substit\u00facie,<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Skontrolujte pr\u00e1vne povinnosti, ktor\u00e9 by mohli obmedzi\u0165 alebo limitova\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edvanie karcinog\u00e9nu. Jedn\u00fdm z pr\u00edkladov je autoriz\u00e1cia pod\u013ea nariadenia REACH. <\/li>\n<li>Identifikujte karcinog\u00e9ny s najvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm rizikom na pracovisku a zv\u00e1\u017ete ich ako prv\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li>Zistite, \u010di m\u00e1 pou\u017eit\u00fd karcinog\u00e9n v kone\u010dnej zmesi alebo v\u00fdrobku svoju funkciu. Ak \u00e1no, tieto karcinog\u00e9ny sa zvy\u010dajne \u0165a\u017e\u0161ie nahr\u00e1dzaj\u00fa a m\u00f4\u017eu si vy\u017eadova\u0165 prepracovanie n\u00e1vrhu va\u0161ej zmesi alebo v\u00fdrobku alebo rozsiahlej\u0161ie zmeny cel\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobn\u00e9ho procesu. <\/li>\n<li>Zistite, ak\u00e9 krit\u00e9ri\u00e1 v\u00e1\u0161 z\u00e1kazn\u00edk skuto\u010dne potrebuje a kde s\u00fa tieto krit\u00e9ri\u00e1 flexibiln\u00e9, aby umo\u017enili zmeny.<\/li>\n<li>Nastavte si krit\u00e9ri\u00e1 nahradenia, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa relevantn\u00e9 pre v\u00e1s a va\u0161u firmu. Uvedomte si, \u017ee ove\u013ea bezpe\u010dnej\u0161ia alternat\u00edva by sa nemala ignorova\u0165 len kv\u00f4li n\u00e1kladom. <\/li>\n<li>Ur\u010dite, kto mus\u00ed by\u0165 zapojen\u00fd do v\u00e1\u0161ho dod\u00e1vate\u013esk\u00e9ho re\u0165azca.<\/li>\n<li>Zhroma\u017e\u010fujte inform\u00e1cie o dostupn\u00fdch alternat\u00edvach a prij\u00edmajte informovan\u00e9 rozhodnutia. Rie\u0161enia u\u017e m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 k dispoz\u00edcii. <\/li>\n<li>Zoh\u013eadnite aspekty udr\u017eate\u013enosti, napr. uhl\u00edkov\u00fa stopu, emisie sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov, recyklovate\u013enos\u0165, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa \u010doraz d\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie.<\/li>\n<li>Alternat\u00edva nemus\u00ed by\u0165 univerz\u00e1lnym rie\u0161en\u00edm. Namiesto toho zv\u00e1\u017ete kombin\u00e1ciu viacer\u00fdch typov opatren\u00ed. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Niektor\u00e9 opatrenia, ktor\u00e9 treba zv\u00e1\u017ei\u0165<\/h2>\n<h3>Alternat\u00edvne l\u00e1tky alebo zmesi<\/h3>\n<p>\u010casto sa n\u00e1hrada alternat\u00edvnou l\u00e1tkou alebo zmesou \u013eah\u0161ie implementuje do u\u017e zaveden\u00fdch v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch procesov a m\u00f4\u017ee si vy\u017eadova\u0165 len mal\u00e9 \u00fapravy. Vyhnite sa v\u0161ak ne\u0161\u0165astnej n\u00e1hrade nahraden\u00edm alternat\u00edvami v r\u00e1mci tej istej chemickej skupiny a s podobn\u00fdm toxikologick\u00fdm profilom. Inform\u00e1cie o chemick\u00fdch vlastnostiach, konkr\u00e9tne o tlaku p\u00e1r, a klasifik\u00e1cii s\u00fa k dispoz\u00edcii v karte bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch \u00fadajov od v\u00e1\u0161ho dod\u00e1vate\u013ea a v \u0161pecializovan\u00fdch chemick\u00fdch datab\u00e1zach, napr. od agent\u00fary ECHA.  <\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00edklad: chr\u00f3m (III) namiesto chr\u00f3mu (VI) pri povrchovej \u00faprave dekorat\u00edvneho chr\u00f3movania.<\/p>\n<h3>Technick\u00e9 alternat\u00edvy<\/h3>\n<p>Technick\u00e9 alternat\u00edvy dosahuj\u00fa rovnak\u00fd v\u00fdsledok in\u00fdm postupom. Napr\u00edklad pou\u017eitie fyzik\u00e1lneho procesu namiesto chemick\u00e9ho. Zmeny procesov si \u010dasto vy\u017eaduj\u00fa pou\u017eitie alternat\u00edvnych l\u00e1tok. M\u00f4\u017eu sa zmeni\u0165 aj vlastnosti kone\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobku alebo materi\u00e1lu.   <\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00edklad: fyzik\u00e1lne naparovanie (PVD) namiesto pokovovania chr\u00f3mom (VI) na ur\u010dit\u00e9 pou\u017eitie.<\/p>\n<h3>Funk\u010dn\u00e9 alternat\u00edvy<\/h3>\n<p>Zameranie sa na funkciu v kone\u010dnej zmesi alebo v\u00fdrobku m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 zv\u00e1\u017ei\u0165 \u0161ir\u0161iu \u0161k\u00e1lu alternat\u00edv, ale m\u00f4\u017ee si to vy\u017eadova\u0165 prepracovanie n\u00e1vrhu. Konkr\u00e9tna funkcia by sa mohla doda\u0165 s alternat\u00edvou, pokia\u013e je hodnovern\u00e1 a uskuto\u010dnite\u013en\u00e1. <\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00edklad: nahradenie povrchovej \u00fapravy chr\u00f3mom (VI) ochranou povrchu voskom alebo le\u0161tidlom, \u010d\u00edm sa zabr\u00e1ni r\u00fdchlej kor\u00f3zii pri expoz\u00edcii k kysl\u00edku a vode.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Z\u00e1sada STOP opisuje poradie prior\u00edt ochrann\u00fdch opatren\u00ed. Zamestn\u00e1vate\u013e mus\u00ed pri ur\u010dovan\u00ed a uplat\u0148ovan\u00ed ochrann\u00fdch opatren\u00ed dodr\u017eiava\u0165 toto poradie. Tu sa zameriame na prv\u00fa \u00farove\u0148, S pre substit\u00faciu. Najsk\u00f4r zv\u00e1\u017ete S. Upozor\u0148ujeme tie\u017e, \u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 kombin\u00e1ciu opatren\u00ed. Nahradenie karcinog\u00e9nov m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9. Mus\u00ed by\u0165 k dispoz\u00edcii technicky rovnocenn\u00e1 alternat\u00edva a mus\u00ed by\u0165 uskuto\u010dnite\u013en\u00e1. Riziko [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":94326,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"class_list":["post-94319","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.0 (Yoast SEO v28.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>S - Substit\u00facia - %<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Every year, more than 100.000 people die in the EU from cancer caused by carcinogens at work. 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