{"id":108380,"date":"2026-06-29T10:40:14","date_gmt":"2026-06-29T10:40:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/fact\/hlapne-organske-spojine-hos\/"},"modified":"2026-06-29T10:40:14","modified_gmt":"2026-06-29T10:40:14","slug":"hlapne-organske-spojine-hos","status":"publish","type":"fact","link":"https:\/\/stopcarcinogensatwork.eu\/sl\/fact\/hlapne-organske-spojine-hos\/","title":{"rendered":"Hlapne organske spojine (HOS)"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p>Predvidevamo lahko, da je ve\u010d milijonov zaposlenih v EU pri delu izpostavljenih skupini kemikalij, ki jih pogosto najdemo v topilih, znanih kot hlapne organske snovi (HOS). Ta heterogena skupina vklju\u010duje snovi, kot sta benzen in formaldehid, ki sodita med najpogostej\u0161e rakotvorne snovi, katerim so zaposleni izpostavljeni pri delu v EU.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Izpostavljenost se obi\u010dajno pojavi z vdihavanjem ali, v primeru snovi, ki se absorbirajo skozi ko\u017eo, prek ko\u017ee.<\/p>\n<p>Nekatere HOS so razvr\u0161\u010dene kot jasno rakotvorne snovi (npr. benzen \u2013 Carc. Cat 1A ali formaldehid \u2013 Carc. Cat 1B) ali kot strupene za razmno\u017eevanje (npr. toluen \u2013 Repr. Cat 2). Ker HOS tvorijo heterogeno skupino snovi, so mo\u017ene ve\u010dkratne izpostavljenosti v obliki me\u0161anice snovi. Izpostavljenost tak\u0161ni me\u0161anici \u0161kodljivih snovi lahko znatno pove\u010da povezano tveganje za nastanek raka.<\/p>\n<h2>Kje se pojavljajo tveganja<\/h2>\n<p>HOS vklju\u010dujejo \u0161irok nabor pogosto uporabljenih snovi, kot so tiste v topilih, (fosilnih) gorivih, \u010distilih, barvah in lakih, pesticidih ali lepilih.<\/p>\n<p>Na delovnem mestu jih najdemo predvsem povsod, kjer se organska topila uporabljajo, obdelujejo ali spro\u0161\u010dajo kot stranski proizvodi. Visoka ali koni\u010dna izpostavljenost se pojavi pri barvanju z razpr\u0161evanjem, \u010di\u0161\u010denju ali razma\u0161\u010devanju s topili, \u010di\u0161\u010denju rezervoarjev v zaprtih prostorih ter pri vzdr\u017eevanju ali med gradbeno prenovo. Poleg tega se izpostavljenost srednje intenzivnosti pojavlja v kemi\u010dni industriji in proizvodnji plastike, pri proizvodnji lepil, premazov in \u010drnil ter med predelavo gume in plastike.<\/p>\n<p>Druga izpostavljenost se obi\u010dajno pojavi med barvanjem in lakiranjem, med popravilom in vzdr\u017eevanjem vozil, v tiskarski in zalo\u017eni\u0161ki industriji, v sektorju \u010di\u0161\u010denja in zdravstva.<\/p>\n<h2>Ve\u010d o snovi<\/h2>\n<p>Splo\u0161no povedano so HOS \u2013 odvisno od definicije \u2013 organske spojine, ki imajo parni tlak 0,01 kPa ali ve\u010d pri 293,15 K, ali organske spojine z vreli\u0161\u010dem do 250 \u00b0C pri standardnem tlaku 101,3 kPa. Posledi\u010dno znatne koli\u010dine teh snovi prehajajo v plinsko fazo \u017ee pri sobni temperaturi, kar predstavlja tveganje za izpostavljenost predvsem z vdihavanjem. Hkrati so \u0161tevilne od teh snovi lipofilne in se tako lahko absorbirajo skozi ko\u017eo, kot so organska topila benzen, toluen in ksilen.<\/p>\n<p>Na ravni EU ni zavezujo\u010de mejne vrednosti za poklicno izpostavljenost, obstajajo pa zavezujo\u010de vrednosti za benzen (0,66 mg\/m\u00b3), formaldehid (0,37 mg\/m\u00b3) in vinilklorid (2,6 mg\/m\u00b3).<\/p>\n<h2>Nevarnosti, ki se lahko pojavijo<\/h2>\n<p>Odvisno od sestave lahko akutna izpostavljenost HOS povzro\u010di razli\u010dne simptome, kot so omotica, glavoboli ali dra\u017eenje o\u010di, nosu in dihalnih poti.<\/p>\n<p>Dolgoro\u010dno lahko izpostavljenost povzro\u010di rake, kot so levkemija (benzen), raki nazofaringealne regije (formaldehid) ali rak jeter (vinilklorid).<\/p>\n<p>Nekatere HOS so razvr\u0161\u010dene tudi kot strupene za razmno\u017eevanje (kot je toluen \u2013 Cat. 2).<\/p>\n<h2>Kaj lahko stori\u0161<\/h2>\n<p>V idealnem primeru bi morali tveganja zaradi izpostavljenosti HOS nadzorovati z zamenjavo ali odstranitvijo. Izbira snovi z ni\u017ejim parnim tlakom pomaga zmanj\u0161ati spro\u0161\u010danje snovi v zrak v okolici. Preveri, ali se lahko za zmanj\u0161anje uporabe topil uporabijo sistemi na vodni osnovi. Razku\u017eila zamenjaj s tistimi, ki ne vsebujejo aldehidov.<\/p>\n<p>Snovi uporabljaj v zaprtih sistemih, da prepre\u010di\u0161 izpostavljenost, in zajemaj emisije na viru z lokalnim odsesavanjem. Izvajaj meritve izpostavljenosti na delovnem mestu, vklju\u010dno z oceno izpostavljenosti me\u0161anicam snovi, in upo\u0161tevaj ve\u010dje tveganje pri ve\u010dkratni izpostavljenosti. \u010cim bolj zmanj\u0161aj \u010das izpostavljenosti in se izogibaj stiku s ko\u017eo. Redno menjaj delovna obla\u010dila, da zmanj\u0161a\u0161 tveganje za kontaminacijo.<\/p>\n<p>Nazadnje se lahko uporabi tudi osebna varovalna oprema, ko so iz\u010drpani vsi drugi preventivni ukrepi, da se dodatno zmanj\u0161a kakr\u0161na koli preostala izpostavljenost: na primer z uporabo ustreznih za\u0161\u010ditnih rokavic, za\u0161\u010ditnih o\u010dal in dihalnih mask. V tem okviru morajo biti velikost, narava in u\u010dinkovitost varovalne opreme prilagojeni nevarnostim na delovnem mestu in posameznim okoli\u0161\u010dinam.<\/p>\n<p><em>Reference: Zvezna agencija za okolje, Evropska agencija za okolje, Evropska komisija, EUR-Lex, EU-OSHA (WES), Nem\u0161ko zdru\u017eenje za toksikologijo, GESTIS, WHO<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","carcinogens":[8724],"class_list":["post-108380","fact","type-fact","status-publish","hentry","carcinogens-hlapne-organske-spojine-hos"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Hlapne organske spojine (HOS) - STOP carcinogens at work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Be aware of what you work with! 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